APHIS Perspectives on Regional and National Developments

Transcription

1 APHIS Perspectives on Regional and National Developments Continental Dialogue on Non-Native Forest Insects and Diseases November 2016, Indianapolis, IN, USA Scott Pfister, Director Otis Laboratory USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST

2 Agenda An Overview of APHIS involvement in several forest health programs APHIS Forest Pest Funding Research & Funding Euwallacea spp. Thousand Canker Disease Spotted Lanternfly Program Management (Federal Regulations) Gypsy Moth Asian Longhorned Beetle Pine Shoot Beetle Emerald Ash Borer

3 APHIS Forest Pest Funding Line Item FY 2015 Appropriatio n Tree & Wood Pest FY 16 Omnibus FY 17 President s Budget FY 17 House Mark Up FY 17 Senate Mark Up $54,000,000 $54,000,000 $45,933,000 $45,933,000 $54,000,000 Tree & Wood Pest Line Item Funds ALB, EAB & GM Farm Bill (10007) funds other Forest Pest Programs through the suggestion process

4 Euwallacea fornicatus species complex and Fusarium Dieback Attractants for Euwallacea fornicatus species complex Kairomones discovery and optimization for lures (4,1,2,5,6) Pheromones discovery of ambrosia beetle pheromones (1,4,6) Repellents for Euwallacea fornicatus species complex Ethanol once used as lure, discovery as a deterrent (2,4,1) Discovery and testing of novel repellents for use as barriers and tree protection (2,1) Improved trap technology for Euwallacea fornicatus species complex Testing different trap designs (2) Improving trap cup fluids to reduce non-targets (2) Biological control for Euwallacea fornicatus species complex Foreign exploration and discovery of natural enemies (2) Research on natural enemies as biological control agents (2) Clarification on species status of three invasive populations in USA Crossing compatibility testing, pheromones (1) Development of molecular diagnostic tools (7) Phylogeography of species in the complex with molecular analysis (2) Basic biology Development of mass rearing capabilities (1) Cold tolerance study (1) Host range & preferences, symbiont fidelity, pathogenicity differences (3,5,8) Photos: Akif Eskalen (1) Cooperband, USDA CPHST; (2) Stouthamer, Univ CA; (3) Eskalen, Univ CA; (4) Cosse, USDA ARS/CPHST; (5) Carrillo, Univ FL; (6) Jones, VMA; (7) Kasson, UWV; (8) Kendra, USDA ARS

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6 APHIS TCD Funding FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 Total Survey $6,250 $251,239 $363,417 $299,740 $264,156 $323,774 $317,295 $1,825,871 Methods $159,980 $200,601 $110,000 $14,850 $0 $0 $0 $485,431 Outreach $0 $0 $129,384 $0 $75,000 $0 $0 $204,384 Totals $166,230 $451,840 $602,801 $314,590 $339,156 $323,774 $317,295 $2,515,686 Continue to invest in Survey and Methods Development

7 Spotted Lantern Fly Lycorma delicatula Focus is on providing funding to Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture for control and developing tools for detection and treatment FY 15 Farm Bill: $1.4 Million FY 16 Farm Bill: $1.585 Million

8 6 Counties, Square Miles

9 Develop Detection Tools for Lycorma Three-pronged approach: Cooperband lab: kairomones Baker lab: pheromones Wickham lab: Field trapping Photo: Miriam Cooperband Extensive support provided by Sven Spichiger & John Baker from PDA Photo: Erica Smythers Photo: Jacob Wckham

10 Treatment Studies - SLF (Lycorma delicatula) Tree of heaven (Ailanthus) is a key host o Infested properties are cleared of Ailanthus, except for several trap trees which are treated with a single bark spray application of a systemic insecticide (dinotefuran). Remaining trees are highly attractive to all life stages o Chemical residue is being tracked over time to determine optimal timing and longevity of the sprays.

11 Gypsy Moth (GM) Engagement with Moving Industry PNW response to EGM & AGM

12 Moving Industry Engagement Farm Bill funded agreement with AMSA Multimedia outreach campaign Webinar with members Updated OHA Checklist Portable storage and moving companies (e.g. PODS LLC) Several interceptions of GM on containers this summer Creates an opportunity to work with this segment of the industry

13 Pacific North West Response Numerous 2015 detections of AGM and EGM in OR and WA ~10,000 treatment acres in WA ~8000 in OR $3.4 million in Farm Bill funding, plus state cost share Total 2016 response cost = ~$5 million Aerial treatments using Btk

14 ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE APHIS remains committed to program See Phil Baldauf s presentation Photo credit: Lee Spaulding

15 Pine Shoot Beetle Regulated since 1992 Little to no damage in infested area Little damage expected in non-infested areas Consensus reached between National Plant Board and APHIS to deregulate Proposed rule being developed

16 The Emerald Ash Borer Program Maintain Ash as a Viable Part of the American Landscape

17 EAB Quick Facts First detected in US in 2002 and has spread to 30 states Killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in North America. Cost municipalities, property owners, nursery operators and forest products industries hundreds of millions of dollars. Regulatory quarantines implemented to prevent potentially infested ash trees, logs or hardwood firewood from moving out of areas where EAB occurs. Biological control has become an increasing priority

18 Quarantined Versus Infested

19 Timeline Of EAB Program D e t e c t e d Visual Survey, search for biocontrol agents Girdled Trap Tree survey 1 st Biocontrol releases Rearing Facility Opens Contiguous quarantine Purple traps, national survey >1 million wasps released Contracted National Survey Eradication effort ends Funding decreases from ~$35/year to ~10/year

20 BIOCONTROL

21 Parasitoids Considered for Biocontrol Cooperative effort between APHIS, USFS & ARS Three major parasitoids collected in China between Rearing facility opened in Brighton, MI in 2009 Oobius agrili (Encyrtidae) Spathius agrili (Braconidae) Tetrastichus planipennisi (Eulophidae)

22 Parasitoid Releases in 23 of 27 Infested States

23 Conclusions and Ramifications of Recovery Sampling EAB parasitoids have now been recovered in 14 states and Ottawa, Canada Tetrastichus and Oobius are increasing and spreading. Spathius agrili can overwinter in the northern U.S. but populations do not persist. Releases only south of 40 th parallel Spathius galinae releases began in 2015 Increasing parasitism rates of EAB eggs and larvae at our near release sites

24 FUNDING (MILLIONS) 60 EAB Funding Allocations Appropriation Carryover Total EAB

25 Closing Thoughts - EAB Program Regulatory program has slowed, but not stopped the human assisted movement of EAB Broad agreement that parasitoid releases and development of self-sustaining populations of parasitoids are critical to achieving the overall program objective along with Development of host resistance is needed Open question: Should APHIS propose deregulation through rule making to fund biocontrol?