EDMUNDAS PETRAUSKAS Department of Forest Management

Transcription

1 THE CHALLENGES IN EVALUATION OF WOOD BALANCE BETWEEN DATA OF THE GROWTH MODELS AND REMOVED WOOD VOLUMES DUE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN FOREST LOGGING EDMUNDAS PETRAUSKAS Department of Forest Management Kokkola, Finland

2 FOREST COVERAGE IN LITHUANIA ,8 19,7 22,6 23,9 26,4 27,9 29,8 30,3 30,9 31,3 31, ,5 32,7 32, Year %

3 DISTRIBUTION OF LITHUANIAN FORESTS BY TREE SPECIES

4 Main figures on Lithuanian forest resources Characteristic Forest land area according to Land assessment, 1,000 ha Forest area covered by stands, 1,000 ha Total growing stock volume, mill. m³ 371,7 401,1 404,7 Mean growing stock volume, m³/ha Mean growing stock volume of mature stands, m³/ha Gross annual increment, mill. m³ 11,7 13,1 13,1 Gross annual increment, m³/ha 6,1 6,5 6,5 Forest coverage, % 30,9 32,5 32,7 Growing stock volume per capita, m³

5 WOOD REMOVALS FROM LITHUANIAN FORESTS

6 FOREST SECTOR IN LITHUANIA (2007) Forest sector produce 4% of GNP; Wood industry produce 10% of all industry added value 7,5% of Lithuanian national property value is forests value Forests are managed by 42 state forest enterprises, 220 thou. private forest owners 52 thou. Workers employed in forestry & forest products industry Positive export/import balance One of sectors having the highest growth

7 Bankrupted FOREST INDUSTRY IN LITHUANIA

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9 COMPARITION OF STANDVISE AND SAMPLING INVENTORY DATA OF STATE OWNED FORESTS IN LITHUANIA 240 Mean growing stock, m 3 /ha Stand-vise inventory data Presumable trend, derived according to National forest inventory data from 1969 Current National forest inventory data Year 2008

10 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STAND WISE INVENTORY AND REMOVED VOLUMES

11 First stage: EVALUATION OF WOOD RESIDUALS DURING THE CROSSCUT OF THE STEM AMOUNT OF EMPIRICAL DATA 42 sample plots (Ø=30m) in stands set to clear cut Species Pine Spruce Birch Black alder Grey alder Aspen Oak Total Amount of sample trees for full stem analysis

12 Old Technologies

13 New Technologies

14 STEM VOLUME BALANCE (MEAN FOR ALL TREE SPECIES) Stem o.b. Stem u.b. Bark Fuel wood u.b Bark on fuel wood Saw & pulp logs u.b. Bark on logs Length allowances u.b. Bark on length allowances Sawdust of cross cuts u.b. Bark of cross cuts Top u.b. Bark on top Stump u.b. Bark on stump Off-cuts u.b Bark on off-cuts Totall commercial wood Residuals Huber Formula Ktm 1,069, , ,475 83,106 12, , ,610 17,094 2,323 3,473 0,520 6,527 1,199 13,820 2,482 6,061 1, , ,155 % 100,00 88,27 11,73 7,77 1,15 76,11 9,87 1,60 0,22 0,32 0,05 0,61 0,11 1,29 0,23 0,57 0,10 85,03 14,97 Volume Stem volume models Ktm 1093,82 962,44 % 102,24 101,92 Stand growing stock models Ktm 1053,53 941,13 % 98,48 103,54 11,59 Log volume models Ktm 80,79 10,73 821,86 96,39 913,38 % 96,63 91,65 101,01 90,66 100,49

15 Second stage: EVALUATION OF STEM WOOD LOSSES IN CUTTING AREAS Line sample plots - 10 m width & perpendicular to logging tracks with 15% coverage of all cutting area AMOUNT OF EMPIRICAL DATA Type of Cutting Clear Selective Late thinning Early thinning Salvage Total Number of areas

16 FACTORS EFFECTING STEM WOOD LOSSES ON CUTTING AREAS Factor Beta Std.Err. B Std.Err. t(87) p-level Intercept 1, , , , Type of cutting -0, , , , , , Site humidity 0, , , , , , Site fertility 0, , , , , , Cutting technology (harvester or hand chainsaw) 0, , , , , ,163591

17 6,5 6,0 RELATION BETWEEN TYPE OF CUTTING AND STEM WOOD LOSSES Type of cutting; LS Means Current effect: F(3, 88)=2,8138, p=,04387 Effective hypothesis decomposition Vertical bars denote 0,95 confidence intervals 5,5 5,0 Wood looses, % 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 7 Type of cutting; LS Means Current effect: F(3, 88)=18,979, p=,00000 Effective hypothesis decomposition Vertical bars denote 0,95 confidence intervals 0,5 Clear Selective Late thinning Early thinning Type of cutting 6 5 Wood looses, m 3 /ha Clear Selective Late thinning Early thinning Type of cutting

18 LOSSES OF STEM WOOD DURING CUTTING AND LOGGING (% from removed commercial wood) Fertility index Clear Selective Type of cutting Late thinning Early thinning Salvage (Full stem technology) A (very infertile) 2,3 3,1 3,8 4,6 0,6 B 2,1 2,8 3,6 4,3 0,6 C 1,9 2,6 3,4 4,1 0,6 D 1,6 2,4 3,2 3,9 0,6 F (very fertile) 1,4 2,2 2,9 3,7 0,6

19 LOSSES OF LOG WOOD ON A ROADSIDE STORAGES Mean top diameter of the logs u.b., cm 0,5-1,5 Area of cutting, ha 1,6-2,5 2,6-3,5 Wood broken and pressed to the soil, % >3,5 6 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 10 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 16 0,1 20

20 LOSSES OF THE LOG WOOD DURING THE TRANSPORTATION Mean top diameter of the logs u.b., cm Logs of the, aspen, alder, pine Loadings Broken logs, % 0,2 0,35 0,7 0 0,1 0,2 4 1,2 0,3 0,1

21 LOSSES OF THE LOG WOOD DURING THE TRANSPORTATION Mean top diameter of the logs u.b., cm Logs of spruce & birch Loadings Broken logs, % 0,2 0,2 0,4 0 0,1 0,2 4 0,6 0,3 0,1 0

22 CUTTING RESIDUALS IN LITHUANIA Cutting residuals, thou. m 3 Reciduals Branches Stumps Total Final use Cuttings Intermediate Coniferous Deciduous Coniferous Deciduous Total 1067,9 1691,8 2759,7 Ecologically feasible 631,4 373,4 1004,7 357,8 342,5 216,8 87,6

23 BARK THICKNESS (Z sx2 ) MODELLS FOR HARVESTERS and SAWMILLS (Pine, birch, aspen) Z = a + sx 2 bd sz a = 1+ a ( a b = b 1+ ( b a 3 1) e b 3 1) e ( a ( b 2 2 H ) H ) Double bark thickness, mm 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0, Height, m Diameter, cm

24 BARK THICKNESS (Z sx2 ) MODELLS FOR HARVESTERS and SAWMILLS (spruce, alder, oak, ash) Z = a + sx 2 bd sz a = 1+ a ( a b = b 1+ ( b a 3 1) e b 3 1) e ( a ( b 2 2 H ) H ) Double bark thicknes, mm 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0, Height,m Diameter, cm 30,00-35,00 25,00-30,00 20,00-25,00 15,00-20,00 10,00-15,00 5,00-10,00 0,00-5,00

25 BARK RESOURCES, thou. m 3 467,6 134,8 332,8 891,8 337,1 554,7 Total 7,1 2,3 4,8 13,6 5,7 7,9 Others 17,5 3,2 14,3 31,8 8 23,8 Grey alder 23,3 5,4 17,9 43,4 13,5 29,9 Aspen 44,9 8, ,1 22,2 59,9 Black alder 127,2 28,1 99,1 235,4 70,3 165,1 Bark 14,6 4,1 10,5 27,8 10,2 17,6 Ash 13,8 3,3 10,5 25,8 8,3 17,5 Oak 112,2 34,5 77,7 215,8 86,3 129,5 Spruce 107,2 45,1 62,1 216,1 112,7 103,4 Pine Total Intermediate cuttings Final cutting Total Intermediate cuttings Final cutting Used All Tree species

26 Thank You!!!