Neutral genetic diversity helps deciding where to conserve Portuguese prioritised iti crop wild relatives

Transcription

1 Neutral genetic diversity helps deciding where to conserve Portuguese prioritised iti crop wild relatives Joana Magos Brehm Joana Magos Brehm Brian V. Ford-Lloyd, Nigel Maxted, Maria Amélia Martins-Loução

2 Scope and aims General and national approaches Genetic diversity study Selection of populations for conservation Relevant points and conclusions

3 2262 CWR (mainland) (~77% of Portuguese Flora) <1% in situ conservation ~12% ex situ conservation (mostly Leguminosae, Poaceae) ~14% threatened spp. ~6% protected by legislation

4 % Native Introduced Doutbful Numb ber of spp % %

5 To evaluate the genetic diversity and population p genetic differentiation of priority species throughout its distribution ib ti area in Portugal as a means of obtaining i genetic baseline information for future conservation. To use genetic, demographic and threat t data in order to prioritise populations for conservation.

6 Inventory Priority species Genetic data Demographic data Threat data Priority populatio ons for conserva ation Prioritisation at species level Prioritisation at population level

7 Economic value In situ conservation Ex situ conservation 2262 CWR 20 priorities iti Global distribution National distribution Legislation Threatened category Inventory Prioritisation at species level - 7 criteria, 4 methods- Priority species

8 Allium victorialis L. Dianthus laricifolius Boiss. & Reut. subsp. marizii (Samp.) Franco 20 priorities Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reut. subsp. barbatus R. Fern. & Franco Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reut. subsp. cintranus Priority species Ecogeographic g survey Field work

9 Genetic data AFLP Demographic data Priority populations Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reut. subsp. barbatus R. Fern. & Franco Threat data Priority species Prioritisation at population level

10 1. Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reut. subsp. barbatus R. Fern. & Franco

11 Related crop: carnations (ornamentals) #### ## # ## # # # # # # # Habitat: outcrops, p, mainly limestones Global distribution: Portugal National distribution: 5 provinces In situ conservation: not active but part of its distribution ib i occurs are within conservation areas Ex situ conservation: none Legislation: none ### IUCN category (2001): Endangered (EN) Threats: low precipitation, fires, invasivespecies species, construction, trampling, grazing, trash deposition

12 breeding system? Dianthus spp. mainly insect pollinated (beetles, bees, butterflies, moths ) some inbreeding in Dianthus spp. some Dianthus spp. are facultative outbreeders seed dispersal mechanisms? but seed release by the wind genetic diversity?

13 2. Methodology

14 5 populations, 20 plants/population 2 selective MesI and EcoRI primer pairs loci bp

15 Population Descriptive structure stats: and differentiation: Wright s F ST (1951) Lynch & Milligan allele frequencies Bayesian (1994) Isolation by distance: approach dendrograms suggested agglomerative by Zhivotovsky hierarchical Mantel (1999) clustering test using [pairwise UPGMA F ST transformed to F /(1 F ) versus % PCoA ST ST polymorphic loci/population log transformed AMOVA based on geographic Euclidean pairwise genetic diversity Lynch & Milligan distance] genetic distances (GENALEX v. 6.0) Bayesian (1994) for clustering dominant method markers for cross # breeders private alleles and where isolation by distance not detected

16 Natura 2000 sites Dcb2 Dcb3 Dcb1 Dcb4 Dcb5

17 Descriptive stats total genetic diversity: Ht=0.163 Dcb2 (moderate) Db3 Dcb3 Dcb3 Hj=0.170 genetic diversity within Dcb4 PL=53% Hw=0 Dcb5 PA=3% populations: Dcb1 Dcb5 Hj= Hb= PL=46% PA=2% inter-population genetic diversity: OUTBREEDER

18 Population genetic structure t and differentiation AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance): Dcb3 Dcb4 Dcb5 Dcb1 Dcb2 Among populations: 8% Within populations: 92% F st = => populations are little genetically different OUTBREEDER

19 Isolation by distance Dcb3 Dcb3 Dcb4 Dcb5 Dcb1 Dcb2 Mantel test => NO ISOLATION BY DISTANCE (no restriction to geneflow) NO GEOGRAPHIC 671 PATTERN Dcb1 Dcb1 Dcb2 Dcb2 Dcb4 Dcb4 Dcb5 Dcb5

20 Dcb2 Db3 Dcb3 Dcb4 Dcb5 GENETICALLY VERY HOMOGENOUS! Dcb1

21 1. Criteria used

22 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA: population size THREAT DATA : number of threats GENETIC DATA: genetic diversity i (measure of molecular l diversity) i # polymorphic alleles (measure of genepool richness) # common and localised alleles (modified from Marshall & Brown 1975) inter-population genetic distance (measure of how similar populations are)

23 Standardisation to 1, integrated in a sum per population and transformed into % using the highest score as the reference value of 100% Priorities: populations with higher % (Delgado et al. 2008)

24 2. Few results

25 SPECIES POP. POP. SZ. St THREATS St Hj St D St # PL St # cl St SUM PRIORITY (%) Dcb1 0,50 1,00 0,95 0,50 0,99 0,00 3,94 78,80 D. cintranus subsp. barbatus Dcb2 1,00 0,50 0,91 0,50 0,98 0,08 3,97 79,40 Db3 Dcb , , , , , , ,00 100,00 Dcb4 1,00 0,50 0,89 0,10 0,89 0,43 3,81 76,20 Dcb5 1,00 0,75 0,88 0,10 0,87 0,46 4,06 81,20

26 Ex situ and in situ: Dcb3! Dcb3 Dcb4 Dcb5 Dcb1 Dcb2 Dcb3 (Condeixa-a-Nova) Hj=0.170 D=0.005 PL=53% PA=3% #cl= plants Unknown threats Outside conservation area OUTBREEDER

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28 Genetic diversity available = evolutionary potential of a species to evolve and adapt to a changing environment ADAPTIVE DIVERSITY evolution reflects the species potential ability to adapt to changing environments NEUTRAL DIVERSITY migration, mutation, genetic drift no direct effect on species fitness not affected by natural selection Correlation between neutral and adaptive diversity?

29 AFLP successfully used to obtain genetic baseline information on priority it CWR: D. cintranus subsp. barbatus is an outbreeder, with genetically homogenous populations and moderate values of genetic diversity, i low but significant levels of genetic differentiation, most genetic variation within populations Genetic + demographic + threat basic data => suggest target populations for in situ and ex situ conservation of Portuguese priority CWR: D. cintranus subsp. barbatus: Dcb3

30 Neutral genetic diversity helps deciding where to conserve Portuguese prioritised iti crop wild relatives Joana Magos Brehm Joana Magos Brehm Brian V. Ford-Lloyd, Nigel Maxted, Maria Amélia Martins-Loução