European Mapping activities and results

Transcription

1 The Economics of Action 5 - Valuation of ecosystems and their services, INBO, Brussels July 2015 European Mapping activities and results Markus Erhard European Environment Agency, Copenhagen markus.erhard@eea.europa.eu

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3 Common Assessment Framework: Building blocks for an integrated ecosystem assessment

4 Ecosystem Types wetland woodland rivers lakes cropland urban open space grassland coastal marine heathland

5 Mapping Ecosystem Distribution HR-layers 100*100 m CLC *100 m JRC Forest 2006 HR riparian areas Geometric refinement CLC / EUNIS crosswalk EUNIS L2 ECRINS surface water draft ES map 2006 DEM 100*100m Env. regions HANTS SLF (ESA) ammended crosswalk Thematic refinement slope altitude Pot. Nat. vegetation EU SEAMAP Soil map geological map Likelihood maps ES map 2006 landform Upper tree line Source: ETC/SIA, 2013

6 European Ecosystem Map EUNIS Habitat Land cover Reference Data Ecosystem type EUNIS Level 1 EUNIS Level 2 Total ecosystem coverage % area Area (km 2 ) EUNIS level 2 per level 1 J1 Buildings of cities, towns and villages ETC/SIA 2014 Urban Cropland Grassland Woodland and forest Heathland and shrub J Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats I Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats E Grasslands and land dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens G Woodland, forest and other wooded land F Heathland, scrub and tundra J2 Low density buildings J3 Extractive industrial sites J4 Transport networks and other constructed hard-surface areas J5 Highly artificial man-made waters and associated structures J6 Waste deposits I1 Arable land and market gardens I2 Cultivated areas of gardens and parks E1 Dry grasslands E2 Mesic grasslands E3 Seasonally wet and wet grasslands E4 alpine and subalpine grasslands E5 Woodland fringes, clearings and tall forbs stands E6 Inland salt steppes E7 sparsely wooded grasslands G1 Broadleaved deciduous woodland G2 Broadleaved evergreen woodland G3 Coniferous woodland G4 Mixed woodland G5 Lines of trees, small woodlands, recently felled woodlands, early stage woodland, coppice F1 Tundra F2 Arctic, alpine and subalpine scrub F3 Temperate and mediteraneo-montane scrub F4 Temperate shrub heathland

7 European Ecosystem Map EUNIS Habitat Land cover Reference Data Geometric reliability Thematic reliability ETC/SIA 2014

8 DPSIR Framework Drivers agriculture, forestry, water management, settlement, transport, industry, tourism, etc Response maintaining ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, management change, prevention measures, protection, nutrient & pollution reduction Pressures habitat change, climate change, invasive species, land use / exploitation, nutrient & pollution load Impacts change/loss of ecosystem function, change/loss of biodiversity State / Condition ecosystem state and quality / structure and functioning nutrient condition, habitat diversity, species abundance and diversity

9 Mapping the Pressures Total nitrogen input to agro-ecosystems (cropland and grassland) for the year 2010 Atmospheric deposition Fertlilizer / Manure Biological N-fixation ETC/ULS 2015

10 Towards Nutrient Accounts Methodology development Agro ecosystems, grasslands, and forests Example Output map N- input from manure in agricultural ecosystems Source: ETC/SIA, 2013

11 Mapping the Pressures - Change over Time Trends in average Nitrogen inputs for the period compared to the year 2000 ETC/ULS 2015

12 Mapping the Ecosystem Conditions Example for assessment of agro ecosystem condition (cropland and grassland) ETC/SIA 2014

13 Mapping the Ecosystem Conditions Example for Art. 17 forest habitat condition ETC/SIA 2014

14 Condition and Integration e.g. WFD Good Ecological Status EEA, 2014

15 Mapping Marine Marine and coastal ecosystem conditions sea use / exploitation Fisheries, energy production and shipping right: pressures on the North Sea (top) and Mediterranean Sea (bottom) ETC/SIA 2014

16 Mapping Structure and Connectivity: Green Infrastructure e.g. The wildlife habitat perspective Key ecosystem service areas, key habitat areas, and combined map showing GI networks prioritised for conservation ( C ) or restoration ( R ) Green = Level 1 areas (Key services and/or key habitats) scheduled for conservation (C); Orange = Level 2 areas (limited services; temporal habitats) scheduled for restoration (R); Yellow = Level 3 or 4 areas (degraded habitats or high-use areas such as intensive agriculture or hard infrastructure) EEA,

17 Mapping the Impacts on Habitats and Biodiversity Approach to address evidence on the impacts of pressures on biodiversity using nitrogen deposition as an example 1. link pressure and ecosystem map 2. linked to knowledge about how nitrogen conditions affect species and habitats 3. map describing the impacts of these pressure on species for each spatial unit ETC/SIA 2014

18 Key Achievements 1. Conceptual framework for ecosystem assessment developed and implementation tested against existing European data 2. First version of European ecosystem map developed 3. Main pressures mapped and methods for mapping multiple pressures outlined 4. First versions of ecosystem condition maps available 5. First outline of functional relationships for impact assessment evaluated

19 Ecosystem condition ecosystem services (EEA JRC) Way forward Data integration: Corine 2012, HRLs, VHRs (urban, riparian) State of Nature report, State of European Sea s report, WFD, etc. Research: ESMERALDA OPERAs, OPENNESS Towards accounting and valuation LAND Land cover change Land use change CARBON Organic carbon Land use Organic carbon flows Fast track accounts DB land.copernicus.eu WATER Water in soil/runoff Water quantity Water use BIODIVERSITY Trends in populations Landscape ecological potential

20 Way Forward 2015 EEA Ecosystem (mini-)assessment report 2015 JRC EEA working paper linking ecosystem condition with ecosystem services (Sep. 2015) and beyond Sectoral integration: Terrestrial freshwater marine ecosystems Thematic integration: multiple pressures condition impact Data integration: State of Nature report, State of European Sea s report, WFD, Copernicus data, SEBI indicator update, forest ecosystem report, fragmentation update, disturbance (fire), draught,... Vertical integration: European wide and MS data and assessments Quantitative information for meeting the targets

21 Thank you