Full implementation of the GSIs for Bioenergy Paraguay and Viet Nam case studies: approach used, key results and recommendations

Transcription

1 Capacity Building on GBEP Sustainability Indicators (GSI) for Bioenergy in the ECOWAS countries Full implementation of the GSIs for Bioenergy Paraguay and Viet Nam case studies: approach used, key results and recommendations Dr. Tiziana Pirelli Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1

2 Project duration: 2 years (May April 2018) Project overview Financial support: International Climate Initiative (IKI Ministry of the Environment of the German government) Project backbone: National Multi-Stakeholder Working Groups (MSWGs) Cross cutting approach and guidance along project implementation: Project settings: selection of relevant bioenergy pathways; identification of Centers of Excellence; selection of relevant indicators Project evaluation and validation of results Policy recommendations definition Public sector Multilateral Private sector SUSTAINABILITY 2

3 Approach used Implemented by selected national Centers of excellences Paraguay 1. GBEP (FAO); 2. UNA: National University of Asunciòn; 3. UCA: Catholique Univ. of Asunciòn; and 4. CEAMSO: National Centre for Environmental and Social Studies Viet Nam 1. GBEP (FAO); 2. VAAS: Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 3. AITCV: Asian Institute of Technology Center in Vietnam; 4. HUST: Hanoi University of Science and Technology. in cooperation with the respective Ministries of Agriculture and Environment 3

4 Approach used Development Capacity development need assessment Management of Skills and Knowledge Presentation of the GSIs; Auto-evaluation; and Questionnaires; Interviews Learning by doing Capacity building Trainings Methodologies for calculating emissions of GHG and non-ghg (i.e. GSI #1, #4) from the selected bioenergy pathways; and Coaching Methodologies and especially modelling approaches for assessing the impacts of bioenergy on agricultural markets (i.e. GSI #10).

5 PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA Approach used Data collection strategy 1. statistical service of the government; 2. literature review; 3. synergies with other national and international monitoring and reporting initiatives (e.g. SNV) 4. data from the government; 5. collection of existing data from universities and research institutes (e.g. soil quality); 1. Soil and water sampling campaigns; 2. Questionnaire compilations; 3. Bilateral interviews to various actors of the value chain; 4. Meetings among the members of the MSWG; 5. Surveys submitted to citizens. 5

6 Approach used Focus on 2 bioenergy pathways for each of the target countries Viet Nam Paraguay Biogas Ethanol Wood energy 6

7 Approach used Cross-cutting and integrated approach Technology for bioenergy end uses efficiencies Bioenergy end use Scale of uses, production technologies Bioenergy production Means of transport, infrastructures, actors Harvest practices: manual/ mechanized pre-treatment technologies Productivity, LU and LUC, crop cycle and cultivation practices Production Biomass and bioenergy transport Biomass harvest and pre-treatment 7

8 Approach used Regional workshops held at the end of the project to: - share the results of the project; - raise awareness on best practices and lessons learned; and - learn from others related experiences. LATIN AMERICA SOUTH EAST ASIA

9 Publication and launch of final reports Project outcomes 9

10 Why wood energy? Deforestation Wood energy in Paraguay: approach used Energy consumption Population rurale qui utilise le bois pour produire de l énergie (%) Multi-Stakeholder 0 Working Group Meeting

11 Woody biomass for energy production: end uses The implementation of the GSIs focused on the use of wood energy at 2 scales: Household; and Industrial: production of thermal energy and steam 2 different scenarios were considered for both of the above mentioned scales: traditional bioenergy forms (i.e. charcoal); modern bioenergy (i.e. Eucalyptus chips from forest plantations) Modern energy Household scale Wood energy in Paraguay: approach used Traditional energy Wood energy Modern energy Bioenergy Industrial scale Traditional energy Ethanol Maize based Sugarcane based 11

12 Wood energy in Paraguay: approach used Woody biomass for energy production: production sites Native forest in protected areas Productive Native forests: not sustainably managed; sustainably managed: harvest limited to Net Annual Increment (NAI) Incentivized by local governemnt Forest plantations: 90% Eucalyptus spp. 12

13 Wood energy in Paraguay: key results Wood energy used at household scale Fuelwood is mainly burnt on an open fire, with negative impacts on human health due to exposure to smoke and indoor air pollution (Ind. #15). Household members spend, on average, 4 h/week to gather fuelwood. The distance to be covered changes between 1 to 4 km (Ind. #13); Due to the loss of forests, wood has become scarce (especially in the eastern part of the country) and the population must buy it or spend large amounts of time collecting it (Ind. #13). 13

14 Wood energy in Paraguay: key results Forest biomass for bioenergy production: demand from productive activities Sector Amount (tonnes) from to Agro- industry Charcoal production Oil Ceramics Alcohol and Sugar Chips Meat and dairy Cassava starch Tobaccos Other Total Author s elaboration based on MOPC, VMME y GIZ, 2013 Annually, more than tonnes of woodfuel required to dry soybean 24-33% of woodfuel is used to produce charcoal for export Scarce data availability on types and efficiencies of technologies used 14

15 Wood energy in Paraguay: key results Sustainable total forest biomass production for bioenergy and timberwood Biomass origin Managed native forest EASTERN REGION WESTERN REGION Total NAI NAI Production (t/y) Production (t/y) Production (t/y) (m 3 /ha) (m 3 /ha) , Forest plantations Total Ratio woodfuel/timberwood: Managed Native Forest (0,86/0,14 in western region; 0,34/0,66 in eastern region); Forest plantations (0,36/0,64) 15

16 Wood energy in Paraguay: key results Balance: demand and sustainable supply of woody biomass for energy Demand Sustainable forest biomass supply for bioenergy production Sectors From (t/y) to (t/y) Household Industrial Total Total Net balance Total Author s elaboration based on MOPC, VMME y GIZ, 2013 Wood supply from sustainable production is not sufficient to cover its current demand at household and industrial levels, thus resulting in a negative balance of approximately million tonnes per year. 16

17 Wood energy in Paraguay: key results Focus on charcoal Additional pressures come from the demand for charcoal for the export market A huge amount of charcoal is illegally exported, mainly to Brasil, by trucks crossing the borders Amount of charcoal legally exported from Paraguay Año Valor (USD) Peso (t) Fuente: Dirección General del Sistema de Ventanilla Única de Exportación (UCA, 2017 Photo: L. Gonzales Soria, 2017 (ADIFCA) 17

18 gco 2 eq/mj Wood energy in Paraguay: key results Eucalyptus chips and charcoal: comparison of GHG emissions Eucalyptus chips for bioenergy gco 2 eq/mj Use 0.40 Processing 0.10 Transport 2.00 Cultivation 5.20 LUC 3.10 Total Author s elaboration as part of LCA for Ind Charcoal Eucalyptus Due to inefficient chips production technologies 19

19 Woody biomass production Incentivize sustainable management of productive native forest (NAI); Forest plantations: not only fast growing exotic species but also native species; Maximise control over, and sanction of, deforestation and illegal trade of forest products and by-products; Guarantee the traceability of biomass products and byproducts (e.g. charcoal) Biomass transformation Promote production of improved feedstock (e.g. Pellet; Chips; Briquettes) not only from Eucalyptus wood but also from sawdust or other wastes from sawmilling and other wood products manufacture Final recommendations Speed up the implementation of existing policies and strategic plans (i.e. National Reforestation Plan ) to improve the management of forest resources Bioenergy production and use - Create inventory of technology used to produce bioenergy from woody biomass; - Promote use of improved technologies both at household (e.g. improved cookstoves) and industrial scale (e.g. sustainable charcoal production). By-product use Add value to waste and by-products 20

20 Woody biomass production Waste and residues: Solid/liquid agricultural and agro-industrial; livestock; human Use of alternatives biomass and technologies Biomass transformation Improved feedstock from waste/residues: Pellet; Briquettes; easy to transport and store Speed up the implementation of Bioenergy production and use Biogas; Gasification; Pyrolyses; et Combined technologies); Syngas/biogas cookstoves Co-generation plants existing policies and strategic plan: National Plan for Energy Efficiency (2015): 1. at household level, the introduction of improved cookstoves; and Final recommendations By-products use Digestate; Biochar 2. at industrial level: to replace traditional wood energy with improved feedstock and 21 more efficient technologies

21 Final recommendations set up new strategies for future monitoring Improve data records on: the amount of harvested wood resources, including woodfuel and forest residues, collected per year forest plantations on the purpose and final destination of the products and byproducts, as well as in the census of the small and large enterprises that produce and consume woody biomass. Systematize, update and publish data on forest sector through a joint effort between the private sector, research institutions and regulatory bodies. 22

22 . Lessons learned to improve the GBEP methodologies 1. Monitoring the traditional wood energy pathway is key for drawing a baseline which can be used in the future, to follow the evolution of the energy sector in the country and to measure progress realized thanks to the introduction of modern (and much sustainable) energy practices and technologies; 2. The description of the bioenergy value chain and of its various branches (e.g. fuelwood and charcoal), and scales of production and/or end use (e.g. households, productive activities) is a fundamental step in the GSIs implementation process. Pathway description should be supervised and validated by the MSWG and used as basis for measurement by all actors (university, NGO, etc.) involved in the process 3. Ensure interconnection and consistency among all 24 indicators. 23

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