Blue Ventures & Blue Carbon in Madagascar. Dr Garth Cripps

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1 Blue Ventures & Blue Carbon in Madagascar Dr Garth Cripps

2 Blue Ventures Conservation using social entreprise to conserve marine biodiversity and alleviate poverty 2

3 Locally Managed Marine Areas Sustainable fisheries management Aquaculture Blue carbon

4 Community health Education

5 Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA) Velondriake Madagascar s first community managed marine protected Kirindy Mite & the Barren Isles Amongst the largest LMMAs in the WIO

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7 Sustainable fisheries management Temporary fisheries closures Bioeconomic analysis of reserve effect Octopus cyanea stock assessment Regional replication of NTZs Regional fisheries monitoring of fin fish, shark and turtle fisheries

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10 Aquaculture Holothurie Euchaema Partner: Madagascar Holuthurie SA 10

11 Population Health and Environment (PHE) FP/RH & WASH - family planning, reproductive health, and water & sanitation 11

12 Education J.P. Getty scholarship Velondriake schools scholarship Training of local scientists 12

13 Blue Ventures Conservation

14 Blue carbon mangrove PES 1. Feasibility assessment of mangrove REDD+ 2. Bundling of mangrove ecosystem services Enhanced fisheries productivity Sustainable timber production

15 1. Feasibility assessment of mangrove REDD+ The feasibility of mangrove REDD projects in the Western Indian Ocean: Linking mangrove conservation and climate change adaptation to the global carbon markets Lalao Aigrette (BV), Garth Cripps (BV), James Kairo (KMFRI), Sam Purkis (Nova Southeastern University), Bruno Ramamonjisoa (ESSA-Forêts) Establish the basis for an income-generating mangrove REDD project a. broad-scale assessment to select sites b. pilot sites to investigate feasibility

16 Historical Land Use Land Cover Change for mangroves Primarily along west coast Satellite image analysis Landsat imagery: 1990, 2000, 2010

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23 hectares Hotspots: loss no gain to 2010 (ha) loss (ha) gain (ha) net loss (ha) Location

24 Understanding deforestation and degradation: Agents, Drivers and Underlying causes Agents: role of natural disturbances conversion to cropland, aquaculture, logging, charcoal production Drivers: -sea edge (distance) -rivers (distance) -population density; poverty index -villages (distance) -roads (distance) -rivers/channels (distance) -management categories

25 Carbon stock measurements Maintirano Three distinct study sites Above and below ground biomass Soil organic carbon Kirindy Mite Velondriake

26 Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha) 300 Species domination (Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha)) 250 Rhizophoracea 200 Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha) Avicenniacea Mixed

27 Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha) 300 Level of degradation (Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha)) Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha) exploited (<50%) intact (0%) degraded (>50%) 50 0

28 Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha) 300 Undelying geology (Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha)) 250 Unconsolidated sands 200 mangrove swamp 150 no data 100 Alluvial & lake deposits 50 0 Total tree carbon stocks (tc/ha) tertiary limestone

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30 Foundations of a REDD+ project Quantification of GHG emission reductions Carbon rights Permanence Net positive social (and biodiversity) impacts Additional (net +ve climate change impact)

31 REDD+ project development Ex ante quantification of GHG emission reductions + social impact assessment Project Idea Note Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) project description Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standard (CCBS) project description Contribute to development of approved mangrove REDD methodologies Engage investors Enter first step of project cycle for generation of credits Prerequisite for mangrove REDD+ implementation

32 2. Bundling of mangrove ecosystem services Enhanced fisheries productivity (crab & shrimp) Sustainable timber production

33 2. Bundling of mangrove ecosystem services a. Fisheries: Developing a mangrove payment for ecosystem services scheme: leveraging private sector investment to alleviate poverty and conserve coastal biodiversity b. Timber: Turning mangrove forest restoration and conservation into a viable business for the coastal people of western Madagascar Partners: UNIMA Aqualma SA, Honko Mangrove Conservation & Education, Dr James Kairo, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Hogan Lovells International, London

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46 1,600,000 tco2e 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, ,000 Project scenario: to date GHG emission reductions and removals at year t (tco2e) LA = The long-term average GHG benefit (tco2e/yr) 600, , , Project year t

47 Advancing Blue Carbon 1. Draw on terrestrial REDD+ experience 2. Collaboration on measuring carbon stocks still challenging 3. Involvement (as the end user) in the development of approved VCS methodologies 4. Establishment of ownership and user rights and by extension carbon rights 5. Funding to kick start activities & carbon project cycle costs 6. Technical assistance with carbon project cycle (Winrock Cascade example)

48 Advancing Blue Carbon 7. Creating a context where individual parties (communities, NGOs, businesses, landowners) can develop mangrove REDD+ projects tailored to local conditions a. integration / elaboration of existing VCS AFOLU framework b. promoting project-scale actions & the nested approach c. a meaningful say in policy to balance debate 8. Appropriate & timely funding mechanism for seagrass

49 Thank you!

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