Community Forestry. Local Values, Conflict and Forest Governance

Transcription

1 Community Forestry Local Values, Conflict and Forest Governance Providing a critical and incisive examination of community forestry, this is a detailed study of complex issues in local forest governance, community sustainability, and grassroots environmentalism. It explores community forestry as an alternative form of local collaborative governance in globally significant developed forest regions, with examples ranging from the Gulf Islands of British Columbia to Scandinavia. Responding to the global trend in devolution of control over forest resources and the ever-increasing need for more sustainable approaches to forest governance, this book highlights both the possibilities and the challenges associated with community forestry. It features compelling case studies and accounts from those directly involved with community forestry efforts, providing unique insight into the underlying social processes, issues, events, and perceptions. It will equip students, researchers, and practitioners with a deep understanding of both the evolution and the management of community forestry in a pan-national context. ryan c. l. bullock is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. His research addresses environmental governance and conflict in northern and rural settings, and he has served on the Executive Committee of the Canadian Association of Geographers. kevin s. hanna is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada. His research centers on integrated approaches to natural resource management, forest sector policy in Canada, environmental impact assessment (EIA), and regional land-use planning.

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3 Community Forestry Local Values, Conflict and Forest Governance ryan c. l. bullock University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada kevin s. hanna Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Canada

4 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Information on this title: / # R.C.L. Bullock and K.S. Hanna 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2012 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Bullock, Ryan C. L. Community forestry : local values, conflict and forest governance / Ryan C. L. Bullock, Kevin S. Hanna. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN (Hardback) -- ISBN (Paperback) 1. Community forestry. 2. Community forestry--political aspects. 3. Forest management--political aspects. 4. Sustainable forestry. I. Hanna, Kevin S. (Kevin Stuart), 1961 II. Title. SD561.B dc ISBN Hardback ISBN Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

5 Contents Acknowledgements Page vi 1 Defining concepts and spaces for the re-emergence of community forestry 1 2 Putting community forestry into place: implementation and conflict 23 3 Keeping New England s forests common 43 4 Experiments and false starts: Ontario s community forestry experience 56 5 A watershed case for community forestry in British Columbia s interior: the Creston Valley Forest Corporation 82 6 Contested forests and transition in two Gulf Island communities The southwestern United States: community forestry as governance Community access and the culture of stewardship in Finland and Sweden Community forestry: a way forward 173 Index 181 v

6 Acknowledgements Ryan Bullock acknowledges the significant contributions of the many people from various forest communities, governments and nongovernment organizations who shared their insights and energy to make this research and book possible. Their commitment to their own communities and local forests, and their willingness to speak candidly about community forestry issues are especially appreciated. Rich Gerard (Freedom), Don Johnson (Conway), Wendy Scribner (University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension) and Jim Smith (Creston) deserve recognition for their support. The Northern Ontario Sustainable Communities Partnership and British Columbia Community Forest Association are recognized for providing important learning forums to discuss community forestry ideas and experiences. The Bullock, Farrow, Ryan and Highley families deserve special recognition for their ongoing support, both on the road and at home. Kevin Hanna thanks Ismo Pölönen, Kaisa Raitio and Minna Pappila for their insights on Scandinavian forestry issues and assistance with Finnish language interpretation. The research and writing of this book was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada. vi