Advancing Indonesian Forest Resource Monitoring Linking the approach from Global to National: Indonesia s experience. Belinda Arunarwati Margono

Transcription

1 Advancing Indonesian Forest Resource Monitoring Linking the approach from Global to National: Indonesia s experience Belinda Arunarwati Margono

2 Outline The context Indonesia NFMS: how it was developed, definition used, what s provided, what s important, advantage, problem, limitation Importance of activity data generated from remote sensing Global data Landsat imagery, tree cover, tree cover loss Linking the global to national level What have been done What the need in the future 2

3 Historical condition in establishing Indonesia land-cover 3

4 Forest definition Formal definition Ministry Regulation 14/2004 on A/R CDM : Land spanning more than 0.25 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters at maturity and a canopy cover of more than 30 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ Working definition SNI 8033:2014 defines forest based on satellite data features including color, texture and brightness SNI 7645:2010 elaborates land cover classes definition (for the 23 classes) 4

5 NFMS Operational uses Supporting other sectors Providing land cover information Calculating forest cover loss (deforestation) by comparing two adjacent land cover data

6 National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) Benchmark Main data: Landsat (systematic acquisition, no/low cost, and easy access to the data) Prior 2009: single best scene available Post 2010: all available scene, including archive for updating the old data sets Minimum image preprocessing Manual delineation based-on image-interpretation technique Completed with field assessments GIS techniques employed for edge matching etc. Official Advantages Class provided: number of classes: 7 forest classes and 16 non-forest classes When consistency of data series is good: information on the change is very important for carbon accounting Sense of ownership from interpreter 6

7 Land cover map of Indonesia MoF Example: for year 2000 (available for 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Basic information required for managing the country s forest: intact (primary) forest and disturbed/degraded (secondary) forest Forest classes Non-Forest classes Provided in 23 land cover classes (7 forests classes) Produced three yearly (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009) Produced yearly (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) Indonesia National Standard (SNI) , 2014

8 National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) Official Problem encountered Low probability of cloudfree acquisition due to climatic conditions even now with LDCM Rapid vegetation (crown) recovery Problem of inconsistency Lot of efforts and energy for quality assurance and quality control Difficulties in calculating deforestation and forest degradation Limitation Slow update Very hard to compete to the near real time monitoring system using automatic approach The cover change map is depending on the number of scene used 8

9 Activity Data (AD) required for carbon monitoring from land sector The land cover Forest cover (with all sub-classes) Non-forest cover (with all sub-classes) The change map (give better) consistency among series of land cover data Calculate the deforestation and forest degradation 9

10 100m TSP TSP TSP 100m TSP PSP TSP Systematic Stratified Sampling 20 km x 20 km Grid UTM Forest state area Seven (7) forest classifications TSP TSP TSP

11 National Forest Reference Emission Level Indonesia Officially to be submitted during COP21; has been nationally announced on Sept 18, 2015 Base Data Land cover classification (MoEF) Peat land maps Forest Definition/LC Classification 23 classes with 6 Activities Deforestation, degradation, peat decomposition Carbon Pool AGB, soil carbon for peat decomposition (MoA) natural forest classes Emission Factor National Forest Inventory, IPCC (soil carbon) Reference Period (1990, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, Projection Period 2020 Calculation Method Historic emissions (mean) 2011, 2012)

12 National FREL Indonesia Would be presented di Indonesia Pavilion COP-21 Nov 30, 2015 (tentatively at ) 12

13 Global data Landsat bands 5/4/3 13

14 Global data Tree cover 14

15 Global data Tree cover loss 15

16 Landsat mosaic of Indonesia 2000 Year 2000 a baseline for Indonesian forest cover The forest cover divided into 2 main classes: intact and degraded 16

17 Primary intact forest = forest cover within Intact Forest Landscape Primary Intact forest Primary degraded forest Nonprimary forest (Potapov et al 2008) 17

18 Product evaluation 40 Tree Height (m) Non-primary HOME Primary degraded Primary intact Non-primary Primary degraded Primary intact Mean and standard deviation values for GLAS metrics for tree height and HOME (height of 18 median energy)

19 Indonesia s forests 2000 Primary intact forest and primary degraded forest classes Using approach developed for Sumatra and employed for the entirety of Indonesia 19

20 Product comparison: Forest cover Assessment for agreement Primary forests (intact & degraded) Non-primary forests Primary intact forest Primary degraded forest Overall agreement Producer s agreement User s agreement Kappa statistic

21 Global product (Umd) Indonesian Ministry of Forestry (NFMS)

22 Comparison 2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 Perbandingan angka deforestasi - PL lama, pencermatan I, II dan BAM 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , , BAM yearly BAM 3 yearly Pencermatan July 2014 Lama sebelum pencermatan 22

23 From global product.. to national Tree cover loss Source: Hansen et al

24 Combining global and NFMS Role of global data Provide basic class for reference Reference for the baseline cover Provide a quick information of cover change NFMS Giving more detail information about the country s land cover Sources for any country reporting system 24

25 Forest (tree) cover of Indonesia 2000 Non-forest cover Forest (tree) cover 25

26 Non-forest cover Forest (tree) cover Forest (tree) cover of Riau

27 Non-forest cover Forest (tree) cover - Non-primary forest cover Primary forests cover Riau s primary forests

28 Non-forest cover Non-primary forest cover Primary degraded forests cover Primary intact forests cover Riau s primary forests 2000 intact and degraded types 28

29 Non-forest cover Non-primary forest cover Primary degraded forests cover Primary intact forests cover Forests (tree) cover loss Forest (tree) cover loss of Riau

30 Non-forest cover Non-primary forest cover Primary degraded forests cover Primary intact forests cover Non-primary forests (tree) cover loss Primary forests cover loss Forest cover loss versus primary forest cover loss in Riau,

31 Forest cover loss versus primary forest cover loss in Indonesia, Non-forest cover Non-primary forest cover Primary degraded forests cover Primary intact forests cover Non-primary forests (tree) cover loss Primary forests cover loss

32 Indonesia s major landform Spatial integration of wetlands distribution, elevation and slope classes Area extents in Millions Ha Dry-lowland Wetlands Upland Montane

33 Indonesia s primary forests by type and landform for 2012 Montane primary intact forest Montane primary degraded forest Lowland primary intact forest Lowland primary degraded forest Wetland primary intact forest Wetland primary degraded forest Wet non-primary Non-wet non-primary 33

34 Indonesia primary forest loss, wetland lowland montane intact wetland forest intact lowland forest intact montane forest degraded wetland forest degraded lowland forest degraded montane forest wetland forest loss wetland forest loss wetland forest loss lowland forest loss lowland forest loss lowland forest loss montane forest loss montane forest loss montane forest loss wetland forest degradation wetland forest degradation wetland forest degradation lowland forest degradation lowland forest degradation lowland forest degradation montane forest degradation montane forest degradation montane forest degradation 10-12

35 Riau landforms wetland lowland montane 35

36 Riau 2000 intact forest extent wetland lowland montane intact wetland forest intact lowland forest intact montane forest 36

37 Riau 2000 natural forest extent wetland lowland montane intact wetland forest intact lowland forest intact montane forest degraded wetland forest degraded lowland forest 37 degraded montane forest

38 Riau 2013 natural forest extent wetland lowland montane intact wetland forest intact lowland forest intact montane forest degraded wetland forest degraded lowland forest 38 degraded montane forest

39 Riau natural forest loss dynamic wetland forest loss wetland forest loss wetland forest loss lowland forest loss lowland forest loss lowland forest loss montane forest loss montane forest loss montane forest loss wetland forest degradation wetland forest degradation wetland forest degradation lowland forest degradation lowland forest degradation lowland forest degradation montane forest degradation montane forest degradation montane forest degradation 10-12

40 Take home messages The global product Required for data comparison Able to support country to establish and improve their own data sets (NFMS) The strongest NFMS should use a combination of local knowledge developed under NFMS and the results provided by global product 40

41 Terima Kasih (Thank You) 41