Storm of January 2005 expierence from Latvia

Transcription

1 Storm of January 2005 expierence from Latvia Edijs Leišavnieks Forest and fire protection manager Bialowieza,

2 Forests in Latvia % 2017 Source: Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Forest Statistical Inventory, Phase 1 3

3 Forests in Latvia 2017 With 3.8 million ha of forests Latvia is among the most forested countries in Europe*. 52.0% 52.0% 27% Forest cover Forest cover Source: Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Forest Statistical Inventory, Phase 1 4

4 Thousand ha Source: Latvijas Meža īpašnieku biedrība 2018 Forest Area by Property Form The largest Top 5 Forest land managers in Latvia / land acreage,ha / 1. JSC «Latvijas valsts meži» ha 2. Ltd «Bergvik Skog» ha 3. Ltd «Rigas mezi» ha 4. Ltd «Foran Real Estate» ha 5. IKEA GROUP ha State - owned forests Other forests Kolkhoz and Soviet farm forests Source: Ministry of Agriculture 6

5 Forests Managed by LVM 5% 2%1% Forest 7% Marshland 4% Tree spiecies distribution in LVM 3% 1% 1% 0,10% 0,10% 22% 47% 85% Sites of forest infrastructure Non - forest land Wetlands 22% Pine Spruce Birch Aspen Black Alder Ash Grey alder Oak Other Total area managed by LVM is 1.63 million ha, of which 1.39 million ha are forest lands. 7

6 LVM Silviculture Silviculture aim: growing of productive, valuable and healthy forests for manufacturing of timber products. Growing of seedlings Forestry Manufacturing of timber products LVM Silviculture fields of activity - Preparation of soil - Forest planting - Forest tending - Forest protection - Forest fire safety and fire-fighting - Maintenance of amelioration ditches

7 January 8-9; 2005 The maximum wind speed in gusts during the storm, ms Basic Information Largest storm in last 40 years % of Latvia s territory without electricity - Hottest january in last 80 years Significant damage in all Latvia s territory 27 Source: Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency

8

9 Damage intensity m 3 of forest land SFS estimate 7.4 million m 3 (based on SFS estimate ) Forest Resource Monitoring data 11.8 million m 3 destroyed +2.1 million m 3 leaning trees

10 Percent of damaged (volume) by dominant species and height groups LV total 2005.gada vētras vidēji bojātās krājas % sadalījums koku sugām un augstuma pakāpēm visos Spruce stands higher than 15m apsekotajos are damaged reģionos 2-3 times more than Pine, and 3-5 times more as Aspen, Birch stands of similar height % 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 4,6 4,0 3,3 2,3 2,6 2,4 2,3 1,8 1,4 1,8 1,6 2,0 2,1 2,6 1,5 1,8 2,0 1,2 1,4 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,9 1,2 1,5 0,8 0,3 0,1 Aspen A B Ba E M P Birch Grey alder Sugas Spruce ,3 9,0 Black alder Pine 1 -- <5m; m; m; m; m; 6 >25m

11 Consequences and Further actions

12 % In 2005 (beginning of colonization) mass outbreak Colonization first of all: - In fallen, broken and leaning spruce, in stumps - In felling residue >8cm - In Spruce forest at age >50year 53.2% of windthrown spruce trees colonised by I.typographus - 36,5% colonised by 1st generation - 16,7% colonised by 2nd generation Amount of I.typographus grown up to 10 times more nohow in m 3 left windthrown spruce made of I.typographus beetles and 7-12 dead trees in % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Broken and fallen trees Fallen trees Free from I.t 2nd generation Broken trees 1st generation

13 In 2005 (beginning of colonization) State forest service and JSC «Latvia s state forest» made an action plan how to limitate I.typographus damage Latvia s state forest action plan: - Set up priority of damaged tree removal from forest - Make a list of saved spruce plots in forest - Till complete the removal of fallen and broken spruce from the forest - Identify clearcut areas around saved spruce plots, cutted from , to put pheromone traps

14 Priority of damaged tree removal from forest For broken trees consider: - Trees with broken tops below the crown of the upper third in Pine and Birch seasing stands and overgrown stands - Trees with broken tops in Pine and Birch joung stands and middle-aged stands. Broken spruce in all stands - Snowbended trees of all spiecies, which have not straightened up a year Damage stand cutting and removal from forest order: - Broken and fallen coniferous trees in coniferous woodland - Broken and fallen coniferous trees in mixed stand woodland - Broken and fallen broadleaved trees - Bended coniferous trees in coniferous woodland - Bended coniferous trees in mixed stand woodland - Bended broadleaved trees The most valuable assortment of wood from damaged trees must be taken out from forest till 1st of june

15 list of saved spruce plots in forest - Valuable spruce stands Over 50 years old; Stock more than 250m 3 /ha; Spruce amount more than 70% from stock

16

17

18

19 Conditions The protection of valuable spruce stands is planned from 1st of April, based on the most disadvantaged scenario. After 1st of April - No felling of coniferous trees, located less than 100 meters from valuable spruce stands; - No felling of coniferous trees in spruce stands over 50 years of age (not fallen or planned), except when the spruce stands are compact and isolated and not closer than 100 meters from other valuable spruce stands -use of pheromone traps in coniferous cutting area in 500m zone around valuable spruce stands

20 In february 2006 About m 3 wind damaged spruce left in the forest in all forests, including - in protected area ~87000 m³ - in state forest ~49000 m³

21 Damage to the forest

22 I.Typographus damage in spruce stands Summer 2006 (1st generation) <1% 1%- 2% 2%- 5% 5% -10% >10%

23 I.Typographus damage in spruce stands Summer 2007 (1st generation) 0%-1% 1,01% -2% 2,01%-4% 4,01%-8% >8% Average damage in mature spruce stands (older than 50yrs) was 2,6%

24 State forest service propose an emergency situation in forest (2007.g.):

25 I.Typographus damage in spruce stands Two generations per year 5 yaers in a row

26 Average damage in mature spruce stands (older than 50yrs) % 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0, Gads

27 Forest pest monitoring Forest pest monitoring program is curried out in Latvian State Forest Research Institute «Silava» and is part of the National Forest monitoring Program who initiated in 2014 Program consist of five major activities: Count of overwintering insect stage in the litter Use of pheromone traps Assessment of Bark beetle (Ips typographus) damage to the forest Forest health monitoring identification of defoliation agents Servey of suspicious stands based on signals from forest owners, society or governmental institutions When critical pest densities are observed or local mass outbreaks detected, information is send to: State forest service* JSC «Latvian state forest» Forest department of the Ministry of Agricalture * State forest service State organization, follows up the condition of forest health in all the country s forests

28 Forest pest monitoring Use of pheromone traps (Ips typographus) 26 sample plots with three traps in each are placed in fresh conifer clearcuts throughout the country to monitor spruce bark beetle flight activity Traps are placed in to clearcuts on 1st of May and removed in 1st of September Traps are monitored weekly Critical numbers of bark beetle per trap Number of beetles per trap Risk to living spruce stands 1 day 30 days 100> 500> non small moderate significant 2000< 20000< Very significant

29 Forest pest monitoring (data)

30 Latvia s state forest approach Use of pheromone traps (Ips typographus) Traps are placed in conifer clearcuts >1ha. Clearcut made from 1st October Placed at least 30m from growing spruse, by felling residues displaying in groups 4-10pc 4 traps (one dispenser in each trap) per 1ha cutover Dispenser placed in trap before beetle start to fly and in flying time Forestry Methods Timely thinning and damaged tree removal, before wood pest invasion Timely timber removal from forest

31 Thank you for your attention!