Young stand silviculture - Matching technology and methods! Silvicultural Technology Workshop III SLU

Transcription

1 Young stand silviculture - Matching technology and methods! Silvicultural Technology Workshop III SLU Dan Bergström dan.bergstrom@slu.se

2 Starting point: We all believe in the Bioeconomy! Higher utilization of biomass Sustainable production systems New products New industries Complex raw material flows Multifunctional use Ecosystems services etc. Etc.. = calls for new smart management systems!

3 Some Forest Management Questions What are the production goals? How can these goals be reach? Are we reaching these goals today? If not, whats wrong.? If yes, are we doing anything useless on the way, and/or do we want to do more stuff? How could we reduce useless work/do more? What kind of support would we need?

4 For example

5 How can we reach higher cost efficiency in denser stands?! Net income (SEK/ha) ? 8 9 cm dbh Motor manual cleaning Motormanuell röjning Fuel wood thinning Skogsbränsleskörd Harvested tree size (dm3s)

6 Effect of work method on productivity Conv. techn.: Boom-corridor thinning vs. Selective thinning Corridor thinning Thinning from below Strip road = Remaining trees = Harvested trees 16-40% increased prod.!

7 Effect of new techn. + boom-corridor thinning Conv. techn. (sel och boom-corr.) vs. New techn. and boom-corr. up to 200% increased prod.!!!

8 Small unprocessed trees are bulky: Piles of tree parts have a solid volume of ca 25-35% Only 30-60% of forwarders load capacity is then utilized 9 t 6 t

9 Possible solutions: - Compression processing - Bundling + =

10 How to do it: R&D work flow Identified need of improvements/new processes Defining wanted goals Searching knowledge and brainstorming Identifying potential concepts (methods/techniques ) Modelling of concepts Simulation of work/production/stand development Systems analysis and comparison to current practice Accept (or reject >> move up!) Develop bench/perform field trials Evaluate, refine Develop a prototype/perform large field trials Etc.

11 Example of analysis to decide future supply systems Study the effect of implementing new harvesting and handling technologies on the supply chain cost and energy efficiency for the early thinning of stands in comparison to conventional systems.

12 Analysis Variable time truck Terminal time truck (load, unload) Landing operation (e.g. chipping) Variable time forwarder Terminal time forwarder (load, unload) Harvester time

13 Main results: (Values are given for a forwarding distance of 300m and a trucking distance of 75km) Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Conventional pulpwood system I-A-PL ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

14 Bending the curve Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Conventional roughdelimbed pulpwood system I-A-PL I-A-RP ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

15 Keep on bending : Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Conventional tree-part system I-A-PL I-A-RP I-B-RS II-B-WS-SEL ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

16 Pushing down : Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Optimized I-A-PL conventional I-A-RP treepart bundling system I-B-RS II-B-WS-SEL IIIOPT-A-BWS-SEL ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

17 Little bit more bending : Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Boom-corridor thinning + I-A-PL I-A-RP new felling technology I-B-RS II-B-WS-SEL harvesting tree-parts II-B-WS-CF IIIOPT-A-BWS-SEL ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

18 And the final push : Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Boom-corridor I-A-PL thinning I-A-RP + new felling technology I-B-RS harvesting tree-parts + II-B-WS-CF optimized bundling unit IIIOPT-A-BWS-CF II-B-WS-SEL IIIOPT-A-BWS-SEL ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

19 Below ca 30 dm3: Supply cost (SEK/OD t) Boom-corridor I-A-PL thinning I-A-RP + new felling technology I-B-RS harvesting tree-parts + II-B-WS-CF optimized bundling unit IIIOPT-A-BWS-CF II-B-WS-SEL IIIOPT-A-BWS-SEL < ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

20 From ca 30 < ca 70 dm3 : Optimized I-A-PL conventional I-A-RP treepart I-B-RS bundling system II-B-WS-SEL Supply cost (SEK/OD t) II-B-WS-CF IIIOPT-A-BWS-CF IIIOPT-A-BWS-SEL > ,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 0,120 Harvested tree size (dm 3 )

21 Examples of current best practice and R&D

22 Current best practice: Fixteri-based bundle-harvester Base machine: Logman 811 FC Aggregat: Nisula 285E Buntningsenhet: Fixteri FX15a - Mass= 8 ton

23 Prototyp for cutting&bundling, Cintoc - Cutting crane - Delivering crane - Bundler! Delivering crane >> higher potential of efficiency than Fixteri system!!!

24 The justification of these systems for early thinnings are however solely dependent on an development of effective technology for cutting work!

25 Prototypes for cutting work! - MAMA! - C16 delux!? + = =?

26 - Flowcut!

27 Why not using two felling cranes? (Mellberg 2013, Linköping University)

28 Some synergies Development of Coppice forest management Coppice short rotation with sprouting stumps! Marginal lands.

29 Birch coppice stands on peatlands (Jylhä & Bergström 2015) Construction of time consumption models for clear-cutting and forwarding of downy birch biomass from naturally afforested, unthinned downy birch-dominated thickets

30 - Valmet Bracke C16b - Clear cutting - Top-cutting! Same systems as in thinning.

31 Cost-efficiency Supply cost are highly dependent on cutting cost for small-diameter stands!!!

32 Where were we, were are we, were should we go from here? One- Tree per cranecycle Multitree handlin g (MTH) MTH + boomcorridor (BCT) BCT- Develop. of current heads BCT + new techn. (BTCN) BCTN + two fellingcranes Ref. +40% Ref % % 200% Ref. +40% This is left to realize!!!

33 Thanks, Dan Bergström