FUNCTIONAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES. Test Report n a

Transcription

1 ENTAM Ente Nazionale Meccanizzazione Agricola European Network for Testing of Agricultural Machines FUNCTIONAL AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES Test Report n a ROTARY TILLER: T BT (extensions: b - T30 085; c - T30 105) MANUFACTURER: ROTOMEC S.P.A. Via Molino di Sopra, Nogara (VR) Rome, november /8

2 Tests performed in conformity with ENAMA Methodology n 03 at the Istituto Sperimentale per la Meccanizzazione Agricola of Monterotondo - Rome, by: Manager Ing. Giovanni Santoro (ISMA - Rome) Test Technician Dott. Agr. Roberto Fanigliulo (ISMA - Rome) Operators Gino Brannetti (ISMA - Rome) Cesare Cervellini (ISMA - Rome) INDICE MACHINE DESCRIPTION 3 ACCESSORIES 3 TECHNICAL DATA 4 TEST CONDITIONS 5 TEST RESULTS 5 REMARKS ON FUNCTIONALITY 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS 7 ROAD CIRCULATION 7 SAFETY CHECK 7 MODELS IN THE SAME SERIES 7 THE FOLLOWING RULES WILL HELP UNDERSTANDING THE RESULTS: 1 MPa = 1000 kpa = 10 bar 10 kgforce/cm 2 1 dan 1.02 kgforce 1 kw = 1.36 CV 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h 2/8

3 MACHINE DESCRIPTION The Rotomec rotary tiller mod. T is a mounted farm machine designed to pulverise soil and prepare the seed bed after ploughing, as well as for the mechanic weed control, having a working width of 1.25 m and being part of the T30 series that includes 3 models with working widths varying from 0.85 m, 1.05 m and 1.25 m. The soil is tilled by 32 curved tines mounted in sets of 4 on each flange, which rotate on their horizontal axis; additional firming of the soil is performed by a hinged levelling plate at the rear of the frame. Figure 1 - Diagram of test machine and its parts: 1) Upper link connection; 2) Hook for Cardan shaft when not connected to tractor; 3) Speed reducer; 4) Lateral drive; 5) Levelling plate; 6) Working depth adjustment runners; 7) Stand; 8) Cardan shaft guard; 9) Rotor with tines; 10) Lower link connection; 11) Head linkage frame; 12) Cardan shaft coupling to power take-off of tractor; 13) Left guard for transverse shaft; 14) Right guard for transverse shaft. ACCESSORIES The machine may be fitted with: Square tines: to increase clod pulverisation on loose soil. Front track breaker: adjustable, used to unsettle the soil compressed by the tractor tyres. Adjustment plates: to permit the correct coupling to the tractor if it is not fitted with a compatible coupling. Set of front wheels: for a more effective adjustment of the working depth on sloping ground. Extra gear: to use the p.t.o. of the tractor at 2000 r.p.m. Three point linkage cat.0 for use with small tractor. 3/8

4 TECHNICAL DATA SERIAL NUMBER OF TESTED MACHINE 5047 DIMENSIONS work position Total width (mm) 1370 Total length (mm) 760 Total height (mm) 820 FRAME type encased in steel sheet and plates tractor coupling three point linkage cat. ISO 1 TRANSMISSION From power take-off main transmission tools transmission power take-off speed Cardan shaft with friction disk couple limiter reducer box with spur-toothed bevel gears with constant-mesh (10-23 teeth) hexagonal transverse shaft from reducer box linked to tine shaft by means of lateral drive with additional reduction (14-16 teeth) giving the tools a speed of 205 rpm 540 rpm STANDARD TOOLS type width (mm) 60 thickness (mm) 6 total qty 24 qty per flange 4 flanges (n ) 6 centre-to-centre distance (mm) 200 diameter (mm) 155 rotor length (mm) 1215 diameter (mm) 42 diameter including tools (mm) 425 TILLED LAYER DIMENSIONS Maximum width (mm) 1250 Maximum depth (mm) 180 TINE REVOLUTION SPEED Standard gear couple 205 rpm; (10-13 teeth and with power take-off at 540 rpm) AVERAGE POWER AT POWER TAKE-OFF (KW) 6.7 OVERALL MASS (Kg) Without accessories 170 steel curved tines rotating on horizontal axis 4/8

5 TEST CONDITIONS THE TRACTOR The tiller was coupled to a four wheel drive tractor having the following characteristics: Rated power 48.6 kw overall mass 2400 kg linkage ISO class 1 The speed of revolution at the power take-off adopted to operate the rotor was selected at 540 rpm in correspondence with 2361 rpm of the drive shaft. TEST GROUND The tests were performed on a flat field, practically free of crop residues, previously ploughed at a depth of 0.44 m with a rise of 0.11 m and then passed with a disk harrow. Before tilling, the following measurements were made: relative humidity (at depths from 0 to 0.2 m and from 0.2 to 0.4 m), the average apparent density and average resistance to penetration of the soil (at a depth of 0 to 0.5 m) (tab. 1). Skeleton (%) 0 Sand (%) 2.6 Silt (%) 48.0 Clay (%) 49.4 Liquid limit (%) 46.2 Plastic limit (%) 27.9 Plasticity index 18.3 Humidity 0 m 0.2 m (%) 6.8 Humidity 0.2 m 0.4 m (%) 15.5 Average apparent density (g/cm 3 ) 1.2 Average resistance to penetration (kg/cm 2 ) 1.8 Table 1 - Physical-mechanical characteristics of test soil. Because of the high tenacity of the ploughed soil, it was not suitable for a light-weight tiller like the one used. TEST RESULTS During the tests, after having established the most suitable tractor speed (4 th slow), engaged the double drive and locked the differential, adjusted the accelerator lever in the maximum delivery position, the functional and operating characteristics were determined (referred to one hectare) as shown in table 2. Besides of fig.2 the results of the analysis of the pulverisation of the soil by the tiller are shown. The machine was arranged with the rear levelling plate completely down in order to prepare the seed bed with a single passage. The mean specific power was approximately 0.20 kw/m.cm (per metre of real working width and centimetre of working depth on worked soil) operating with a suitable travel speed in operation. As it may often happen for this kind of machine, tractor skidding was negative, however it was confined to within quite normal limits. Table 2 shows how the theoretical working width was used up to 97.5 %, while the thickness of the tilled depth was 0.17 m with 0.10 m soil settling. An analysis of fig. 2 shows that when the tiller works on soil that has been previously disk harrowed a further pulverisation is obtained. In fact, the relevant index was increased from 0.69 of the soil previously harrowed to 0.90 for the tilled soil with 23.2% reduction in clod content. It furthermore enabled to reduce significantly the clod size 5/8

6 classes and to take the aggregates below 10 mm to 66 % of the total pulverised mass of soil. The consequent seed bed quality index (ratio between mass of clod diameter 10 mm/mass of clod diameter > 10 mm) was equal to 1.95, ensuring an optimal subsoil for seeding and subsequent germination. The rotary tiller thanks to the tines and the levelling plate, achieved a good levelling of the soil, considerably reducing surface roughness and obtained a level of soil smoothing of 36 %. Elements Performance average engine speed (rpm) 2650 average p.t.o. rotation speed (rpm) 606 average rotor speed (rpm) 230 theoretical working width (m) 1.25 effective working width (m) 1.21 operative working width (m) 1.18 working width yield (%) 97.5 working depth on worked soil (m) 0.27 worked layer (m) 0.17 settling (m) 0.10 worked section (m 2 ) 0.33 effective work time (h/ha) 1.89 operative work time (h/ha) 2.20 operative yield (%) 86.1 average effective speed (km/h) 4.5 operative working capacity (ha/h) 0.46 hourly fuel consumption (kg/h) 10.1 unit fuel consumption (kg/ha) 22.2 average torque at p.t.o. (danm) 10.6 average power at p.t.o. (kw) 6.7 average specific power (kw/m.cm) 0.20 tractor slip (%) -2.1 Table 2 - Average results obtained with the rotary tiller. 9% 7% 5% 7% 39% 10% 22% 12% 66% Figure 2 - Clod classification of soil before and after tilling with the rotary tiller (the legend gives the clod size classifications in mm). 6/8 23%

7 Tiller model Working Working Average Flanges Mass with- Rotomec series width capacity power at (n ) out accesso- T30 (m) (ha/h) P.T.O. (kw) ries (kg) T T Table 3 - Evaluation of the working capacity and power at p.t.o. of the other Rotomec rotary tiller models in the T30 series. The values should be considered valid for working conditions identical to those measured during the tests performed on T REMARKS ON FUNCTIONALITY The Rotomec T rotary tiller proved to achieve, in a single passage, excellent pulverisation of the soil on lime-clay ground characterised by high tenacity (tab.1). Therefore good results can be obtained on difficult soil conditions. The combination with a 48 kw tractor seemed correct for the test conditions but the combination with a less performing tractor can give the same results on a lighter soil. RECOMMENDATIONS INSTRUCTIONS AND The rotary tiller is provided with a multilingual user and maintenance manual in compliance with current regulations. ROAD CIRCULATION According to Italian Highway Code the machine is classed as a mounted agricultural machine and is therefore an integral part of the tractor (art. 57, Law Decree n. 285 dated 30/04/1992), registration is not required and it may circulate according to the tractor s mass and pivot ratios and signalling. SAFETY CHECK The machine is fitted with the CE mark, an identification plate and safety pictograms as required by ISO standard 11684:1995 and is provided with an user and maintenance manual and declaration of conformity. The manufacturer declares that the machine conforms with the technical standard: UNI EN 708:1998; EN 708/A1:1999; EN 1553:1999. From the examinations effected and no discrepancies were found with what the manufacturer had declared. The relevant documentation is deposited in the papers. MODELS IN THE SAME SERIES From tests carried out on the Rotomec T tiller and on the basis of the results in table 2, it can be assumed that under same test conditions and for a different number of flanges, the values shown in table three can be obtained. Table 4 shows the other tiller models for which an extension to this test report has been issued. N Cert. Model Serial N b T c T Table 4 - Other tiller models for which an extension of this test report has been issued. 7/8

8 THE TEST REPORT IS VALID FOR FIVE YEARS FOR THE T30 MODEL ROTARY TILLER AND RELATIVE EXTENSIONS AND IS OFFICIALLY RECOGNISED BY ALL THE MEMBERS OF ENAMA: ASSOCAP (Associazione Nazionale dei Consorzi Agrari) CIA (Confederazione Italiana Agricoltori) COLDIRETTI (Confederazione Nazionale Coltivatori Diretti) CONFAGRICOLTURA (Confederazione Generale Agricoltura) UNACMA (Unione Nazionale Commercianti Macchine Agricole) UNACOMA (Unione Nazionale Costruttori Macchine Agricole) UNIMA (Unione Nazionale Imprese Meccanizzazione Agricola) AS WELL AS BY BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF ENAMA IN WHICH ARE REPRESENTED TOO: MIPAF (Ministero per le Politiche Agricole e Forestali) Regioni e Province Autonome ISMA (Istituto Sperimentale per la Meccanizzazione Agricola) THE TEST RESULTS ARE RECOGNIZED BY THE FOLLOWING TESTING STATIONS BELONGING TO ENTAM, WITH THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS: BLT - Bundesanstalt für Landtechnik n I-048/00 (Rottenhauserstraße 1, A-3250 Wieselburg, AUSTRIA) DIAS - Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences n E (P.O. Box 536, DK-8700 Horsens, DENMARK) DLG - Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e. V. n I-4902 (Eschborner Landstraße 122, D Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY) EMA - Estación de Mecánica Agrícola n ENT/03/02/01 (Carretera n 401 Madrid-Toledo, Km 6.800, Leganés, Madrid, SPAIN) FAT - Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für n I Agrarwirtschaft und Landtechnik (8356 Tänikon B. Aadorf, SWITZERLAND) ENTAM Is the European Network for Testing of Agricultural Machines and its purpose is to promote a cooperation among testing stations in order to optimize activities and give a better service to farmers, dealers and manufacturers. CERTIFICATA ENAMA - ENTE NAZIONALE PER LA MECCANIZZAZIONE AGRICOLA VIA LAZZARO SPALLANZANI, 22/A ROMA TEL FAX info@enama.it STILGRAFICA srl - ROMA - Tel /8