EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real-time detection of soil microarthropods

Transcription

1 EDAPHOLOG monitoring system: automatic, real-time detection of soil microarthropods Miklós Dombos, Norbert Flórián, Zita Groó, Péter Dudás, Beáta Oláh- Hambek, András Kosztolányi

2 Monitoring Soil Biological Activity by using a novel tool: EDAPHOLOG-System system building and field testing MEDAPHON LIFE 08ENV/H/000292

3 20mm mm

4 Tests on precision and accuracy 1. Detectability and body size estimation in laboratory 2. Comparison of the Catching efficiency of EDAPHOLOG probes, Pitfall traps and Soil extraction on a single test site. 3. Detectability in field, 100 EDAPHOLOG probes on 25 monitoring plots

5 1. Laboratory tests: Detectability and body size Recording Detection (1/0) and body size estimates in EDAPHOLOG Measuring Body sizes (mm) by using stereo microscope n=588 estimation Morphotypes Body length (mm) Oribatid mites Other mites Euedaphic Collembola (Coecobrya magyari, Folsomia candida) Haired epigeic Collembola (Orchesella cincta, O. spectabilis) Scaled epigeic Collembola (Heteromurus nitidus, Lepidocyrtus curvicollis, L. paradoxus, Pogonognathellus flavescens)

6 Laboratory tests results Binomial GLM, (morphotype: χ2 = 4.507, df = 4, p = 0.342, measured size: χ2 = 9.218, df = 1, p = 0.002) 95.6% of the individuals Smallest Oribatida: 87.5% of the animals was detected Detectability reached near 1at around 2 mm body lengths in each microarthropod morphotype

7 Body length estimation quadratic model explained less than a third of the total variance (R 2 = 0.32)

8 2. What does EDAPHOLOG probe catch? Field study on one site 50x50m Alfalfa field, 30 th April - 17 th May EDAPHOLOG probes + 20 pitfall traps + 20 soil samples EDAPHOLOG trap Pitfall trap Soil extraction

9 Results on three Sampling methods Pitfall traps >> but macroarthropods, as well (green) Euedaphic species at both trapping methods (!?) Relative abundances of soilliving microarthropods (dark blue) >> at soil extraction (OK)

10 Pitfall traps captured much more individuals than the other two methods (MANOVA, Wilk s λ = 0.061, F10,102 = 31.16, p < 0.001). Taxa/Species or types Entomobryomorpha (juveniles) Morphotype maximum size (mm) Mean number (SD) of individuals captured by Edapholog trap Pitfall trap Soil Extraction 15 (23.4) 81.4 (47.4) 13.6 (14.5) Heteromurus major (Moniez, 1889) 2 4 (4.9) 13.6 (10.2) Heteromurus nitidus (Templeton, 1835) (5.3) 3 (2.4) 0.3 (0.8) Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus (Gmelin 1788) 1, (73.8) (167.8) 1 (1.4) Lepidocyrtus paradoxus Uzel (1) 6.5 (4.3) Orchesella cincta (Linnaeus, 1758) epiedaphic 4,5 2.4 (2.4) 63.9 (21.1) 0.2 (0.4) Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg, 1871) 1,1 1.7 (1.7) 3 (2.7) 0.3 (0.8) Sminthurinus elegans (Fitch, 1863) 0,7 6.6 (16.8) 67.2 (46.7) 0.2 (0.5) Sminthurus maculatus Tömösvary, ,8 0.6 (0.9) 25 (14.6) Sminthurus viridis Linneaus, (0.4) 9.6 (6.8) 0.1 (0.2) Sphaeridia pumilis (Krausbauer, 1898) 0,5 3.4 (6) 26.1 (28.5) 0.1 (0.2) Isotomurus fucicolus (Schött, 1893) (14.5) (133.3) 0.8 (1.1) Onychiuridae euedaphic (0.6) 0.4 (0.5) 0.6 (0.9) Xenylla welchi Folsom ,9 0.1 (0.4) 10.4 (7.3) 0.1 (0.2)

11 The number of soil-living microarthropods was relatively high at both trapping methods, which is unusual, and probably only reflects the actual habitat. Euedaphic Apterygotes: Diplura, Pauropoda, Protura and Symphyla were caught more efficiently by EDAPHOLOG than by pitfall traps The relative abundances of soil-living microarthropods were the highest at soil extraction. Taxa/Species or types Morphoty pes maximum size (mm) Mean number (SD) of individuals captured by Edapholog Soil Pitfall trap trap Extraction Mesostigmata (17.6) 47.4 (28.3) 36.1 (21.6) Astigmata (1.3) 1.7 (2.3) 1.4 (1.9) Prostigmata (0.8) 2.6 (1.8) 0.1 (0.3) Oribatida (3.4) 2.6 (2.5) 29.8 (15.8) Diptera larvae (5.1) 1.3 (1.3) 1.9 (5.6) (5.6) 1.2 (1.1) 0.8 (1.2) Diplura (1.6) 0.3 (0.6) 0.7 (1) Pauropoda (1.5) 0.2 (0.4) Protura (1.1) 0.1 (0.3) Symphyla (0.4) 0.1 (0.2) 0.2 (0.4)

12 Taxa/Species or types Morphotype s maximum size (mm) Mean number (SD) of individuals captured by Edapholog trap Pitfall trap Soil Extraction Araneae 5 mm< (0.5) 8.6 (4.3) Chilopoda (0.4) 0.2 (0.4) 0.3 (0.5) Coleoptera not Carabidae or Staphylinidae (1.2) 15.6 (8.5) Coleoptera Carabidae (1.5) 12.5 (7.9) 0.6 (1.4) Hemiptera not Cicada (0.8) 11.7 (6.5) 0.1 (0.2) Hymenoptera Formicidae (3.4) 65.2 (145.9) 1.5 (2.3) Isopoda (0.3) 1.3 (1.3) Mollusca (0.9) 1.4 (1.3) Coleoptera Staphylinidae (8.6) 93.5 (55.6) 0.1 (0.3) Coleoptera larvae (1.9) 21.6 (14.7) 6.3 (5.1) Diplopoda 5 mm> (0.2) 0.3 (1) Diplopoda 5 mm< (0.6) 0.9 (1) Thysanoptera (1.1) 0.6 (0.9) Hymenoptera not Formicidae (1.1) 8.5 (5.7) 0.2 (0.5) Orthoptera (0.7) 0.3 (1.3)

13 Species accumulation curves Red: EDAPHOLOG Gray: Pitfall traps Blue: Soil extraction --- Mean number of species 95% confidence intervals Software used: EstimateS

14 3. Detectability on 25 field plots 100 EDAPHOLOG probes on 25 field plots (4 EDAPHOLOG per plot) 7 soil types: Ramann brown forest soils, Brown forest soils with clay illuviation, Chernozems, Meadow soils, Alluvial soils, Sandy soils, Solonetz 8 habitat types: Oak-, Gallery forest, Seminatural-, mesic- and saline grasslands, Shrubland, Orchards, arable land 3 months: September - November in 2013 Out of 100 Probes: 7 lost their radio connection 4 got soaked 5 got flooded by mud 84 probes were analysed

15 Results of the field study 3/4 of the arthropod: Collembola or Acari. Some other arthropods with smaller body size (mostly rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) and isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) were also caught. Taxa Total number of individuals Epigeic Collembola (Entomobryidae, Symphypleona) 370 Euedaphic Collembola (Poduromorpha) 18 Acari (73.7%) Staphilinidae 128 Isopoda 120 Carabidae 14 Diptera larva 12 Araneae 17 Chilopoda 4 Formicidae (26.3%)

16 Precision and accuracy in field study slope = 1.02 ± 0.07, p = intercept = ± 0.16, p = 0.065

17 Temporal dynamics on one plot Spearman correlation, r s = 0.871, p < 0.001

18 INSECTLIFE ( ) Innovative Real-time Monitoring and Pest control for Insects EDAPHOLOG 2.0 Shorter tube Camera to measure body size Soil temperature and moisture sensors are already linked Mathematical modelling

19 Thank You for Your Attention!