Physical Accessibility Model Pakistan

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2 Physical Accessibility Model Pakistan A Spatial Tool is developed to model and compare physical accessibility of all districts of Pakistan in order to aid humanitarian agencies for effective planning of relief activities. The output of this model will be one of the inputs to Final Accessibility Map of Pakistan that will be developed by Access Working Group UNOCHA, Pakistan which will also include accessibility in terms of security and risk factors. Model Description Accessibility model is developed using Geoprocessing tools of Arc Map 9.3 that generate an accessibility index for each district of Pakistan i.e. second level administration division in Pakistan. 1-Parameters Accessibility is impacted by a variety of factors; Parameters focused in this model are Road network access to the area and population that inhabits that area. Keeping in view the logic that areas having high population will require more road accessibility than districts having large areas but lower population density. 2-Inputs The major inputs are: -Road Network layer -Population Density (Land Scan data 2008) -District Boundaries -Motorway Interchange Points 3-Process Accessibility can be defined and interpreted in many ways; for this model it is considered to be a function of access to roads. In other words it is a comparison of accessible population of a district to total population of a district. 3.1-Deriving Accessible Areas By taking into account the road type, each road has been given a specific buffer distance to extract the accessible area. The buffer distance is based on the assumption that population within this range can easily access the road. The distances specified for buffer Analysis around each road type are indicated below. Road Type Highways Distance(Buffer) 5 km Motorways 0 km Primary Secondary 3 km 2 km Highways are double lane roads that are accessible on both sides at least by 5 km whereas Motorways are also double lane but not accessible except on interchange points so here no buffer is generated around Motorways. At Motorway Interchange points 10 km buffer is applied assuming 10 km area as accessible. Eventually buffers obtained from Highways, Primary roads, Secondary roads and Motorway interchange points are merged to derive accessible areas. 3.2-Extracting Accessible Population It is assumed that out of total population of district, population that underlies accessible areas (extracted in step 3.1) is accessible population. The accessible Population and district population for each district is worked out using Zonal Statistics as table tool. 1

3 3.3-Accessibility Index Total population and Accessible population of each district are joined spatially and index is computed termed as Accessibility Index. Accessibility index=accessible Population District Population 4-Outputs The value of accessibility index ranges from 0 to 1, which is then reclassified on 1-5 Scale where 5 represents the best accessibility scenario and 1 represents the worst accessibility scenario. (See Accessibility Ranking of Districts and Map at page 5, 6 and 7respectively). 2

4 Spatial Modeling in ArcGIS 3

5 Inputs -Road Network -Highways -Primary -Secondary -District Boundaries -Population Data (LandScan 2008) -Motorway Interchange Points(MIP s) Processes 1- Buffer Analysis -Highways-5 Km -Primary-3 km -Secondary-2 Km -MIP S-10 km 2-Merge Merge Buffers to get Accessible areas 3-Zonal Statistics -District Population -Accessible Population 4-Accessibility index AI=Accessible Population/ District Population Model FlowChart Outputs -Accessibility Index for Each Districts 1=low accessibility 5=High accessibility -Physical Accessibility map 4

6 District Ranking Based on Accessibility District Rank District Rank District Rank District Rank ABBOTTABAD 5 CHINIOT 5 HATTIAN BALA 5 KHUZDAR 2 ASTORE 1 CHITRAL 3 HAVELI 3 KHYBER 3 ATTOCK 4 DADU 4 HYDERABAD 5 KILLA ABDULLAH 3 AWARAN 1 DERA BUGHTI 1 ISLAMABAD 5 KILLA SAIFULLAH 3 BADIN 3 DERA GHAZI KHAN 4 JACOBABAD 4 KOHAT 5 BAGH 5 DERA ISMAIL KHAN 4 JAFFARABAD 1 KOHISTAN 3 BAHAWALNAGAR 3 DIAMIR 2 JAMSHORO 4 KOHLU 2 BAHAWALPUR 4 DISPUTED TERRITORY JHAL MAGSI 2 KOTLI 3 BAJAUR 2 FAISALABAD 5 JHANG 4 KURRAM 3 BALTISTAN 3 GANCHE 2 JHELUM 4 LAHORE 5 BANNU 5 GHIZER 2 KALAT 2 LAKKI MARWAT 3 BARKHAN 2 GHOTKI 3 KARACHI CITY 5 LARKANA 5 BATAGRAM 4 GILGIT 5 KARAK 4 LASBELA 4 BHAKKAR 4 GUJRANWALA 5 KASHMORE 4 LAYYAH 4 BHIMBER 2 GUJRAT 5 KASUR 4 LODHRAN 4 BOLAN 2 GWADAR 3 KECH 3 LORALAI 3 BUNER 5 HAFIZABAD 4 KHAIRPUR 3 LOWER DIR 4 CHAGHAI 3 HANGU 5 KHANEWAL 4 MALAKAND P.A 5 CHAKWAL 4 HARIPUR 5 KHARAN 3 MANID BAHAUDDIN 3 CHARSADDA 5 HARNAI 3 KHUSHAB 4 MANSEHRA 5 5

7 District Rank District Rank District Rank District Rank MARDAN 5 OKARA 4 SIALKOT 5 UPPER DIR 4 MASTUNG 3 ORAKZAI 4 SIBI 3 VEHARI 4 MATIARI 4 PAKPATTAN 3 SOUTH WAZIRASTAN 2 WASHUK 2 MIANWALI 4 PANJGUR 2 SUDHNOTI 3 ZHOB 3 MIRPUR 5 PESHAWAR 5 SUKKUR 4 ZIARAT 3 MIRPUR KHAS 3 PISHIN 2 SWABI 4 MOHMAND 2 POONCH 5 SWAT 5 MULTAN 5 QUETTA 5 TA.ADJ BANNU 2 MUSAKHEL 1 RAHIMYAR KHAN 4 TA.ADJ DI KHAN 3 MUZAFFARABAD 5 RAJANPUR 4 TA.ADJ KOHAT 4 MUZAFFARGARH 4 RAWALPINDI 5 TA.ADJ LAKKI MARWAT 5 NAGAR 4 SAHIWAL 4 TA.ADJ PESHAWAR 1 NANKANA SAHIB 4 SANGHAR 3 TA.ADJ TANK 3 NAROWAL 5 SARGODHA 4 TANDO ALLAH YAR 3 NASIRABAD 2 SHAHDADKOT 4 TANDO MUHAMMAD KHAN 2 NAUSHAHRO FEROZE 3 SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD 4 TANK 4 NEELUM 3 SHANGLA 4 THARPARKAR 1 NORTH WAZIRASTAN 2 SHEERANI 3 THATTA 3 NOWSHEHRA 5 SHEIKHUPURA 5 TOBA TEK SINGH 3 NUSHKI 4 SHIKARPUR 5 UMERKOT 3 6

8 60 E Accessibility Map Pakistan 35 N 35 N Neelum Lower Dir Shangla Bajaur Batagram D. I. Khan FR D.I.Khan Bhakkar Chiniot Sheikhupura Sherani Nankana Sahib Lahore Zhob Afghanistan Faisalabad Jhang Killa Saifullah Leiah Toba Kasur Musakhel Tek Pishin Singh Okara Killa Abdullah Muzaffargarh Sahiwal Ziarat Khanewal Quetta Loralai Pakpattan Harnai Multan Barkhan D. G. Khan Vehari 30 N 30 N Mastung Bahawalnagar Kohlu Lodhran Sibi Nushki Bolan Rajanpur India Kalat Chagai Dera Bugti Bahawalpur Kharan Jhal Magsi Nasirabad Ü Rahim Yar Khan Jacobabad Kashmore Iran Panjgur Washuk 65 E Balochistan Khuzdar Qambar Shahdadkot Jaffarabad Larkana Dadu Naushahro Feroze Shikarpur Sindh Sukkur Khairpur North Waziristan South Waziristan Ghotki 70 E Kurram FATA FR Bannu Karak Bannu FR Lakki Marwat FR Tank Tank Mohmand Malakand Buner Mardan Charsadda Swabi Khyber Nowshera Peshawar Orakzai FR Peshawar FR Kohat Hangu Kohat Attock Lakki Marwat Mianwali Chitral Upper Dir Khushab Swat Punjab KPK Chakwal Sargodha Kohistan Mansehra Muzaffarabad Hattian Abbottabad Haripur Bagh Haveli Poonch Islamabad Sudhnoti Rawalpindi Ghizer Jhelum Mandi Bahauddin Hafizabad Mirpur Diamir Kotli Bhimber Gujrat Gujranwala Gilgit AJK Sialkot 75 E Hunza Nagar Astore Administrative Limits National Boundary Narowal Undefined Boundary Gilgit Baltistan Baltistan IAK Ghanche Kilometers 1-Very Low 2-Low China Awaran Nawabshah Province boundary 3-Fair Gwadar Kech Lasbela Jamshoro Thatta Tando Allah Yar Matiari Hyderabad Badin Sanghar Mirpur Khas Umer Kot 25 N Karachi Tando Muhammad Khan 25 N 60 E Arabian Sea 65 E Tharparkar 70 E District Boundary Coastline Surface Waterbody Nominal Scale 1:5,500,000 at A3 Data Sources: WFP, GLCSC, OCHA, GAUL 75 E 4-Moderate 5-High maps@logcluster.org Logistics Cluster, Islamabad - Pakistan Date Last Update: 15-June-2011 Coord. System/Datum: Geographic/WGS84 Map Num: LogCluster_PAK_041_A3 Disclaimer: The boundaries and names and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsements or acceptance by the United Nations.