Report on Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS)

Transcription

1 Report on Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS) Orbita Roswintiarti, PhD. Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) Presented at the Sentinel Asia Joint Project Team Meeting 2010 Manila, 6-8 July 2010 Page 1

2 Outline Definitions Development and Operation of Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System (SEA FDRS) Development of Indonesia FDRS using Remotely-Sensed Data FDRS Operations Page 2

3 Definitions Fire Danger: A general term used to describe conditions of the fire environment including ease of ignition, rate of spread, difficulty of control and fire impact. Fire Danger Rating: The process of systematically evaluating the individual and combined factors influencing fire danger. Fire Danger Rating System: A system for evaluating the fire environment on regular intervals and in an objective way. Page 3

4 Development of SEA FDRS The Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System (SEA FDRS) has been developed to enhance the capacity of resource management organizations in Southeast Asia to manage land and forest fires and associated haze through the development and application of a fire danger system. The SEA FDRS is calibrated from the selected components of the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) system to suit with the conditions in Indonesia and Malaysia, focusing on three aspects of the fire problem: Ignition potential Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) Smoke potential Drought Code (DC) Difficulty of control in tall grass Initial Spread Index (ISI) The SEA FDRS is a combination of field studies, laboratory experiments, and historical analyses. Page 4

5 Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System Page 5

6 Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) Measures moisture content in litter and other fine cured fuels at the depth of 1-2cm. Indicates of the ease of ignition and flammability of fine fuels. Page 6

7 Drought Code (DC) Tracks the moisture content in deep compacted organic matter at the depth of cm below the litter and logs. Indicates seasonal drought effects, total fuel consumption and smoldering in deep layers. Page 7

8 Initial Spread Index (ISI) Numerical rating of the spread rate of fire that can be expected soon after ignition. ISI is well correlated with spread rates of fires of all sizes across many different fuel types. Page 8

9 Interpretation of FFMC (Ignition potential) Ignition studies shows that 78% of hotspots occurred when FFMC > 81. Page 9

10 Interpretation of DC (Smoke potential) Interpretive guidelines based on days without rain required to cross DC threshold. Page 10

11 Interpretation of ISI (Dificulty of control) Page 11

12 FFMC (19 Feb 2008) Page 12

13 DC (19 Feb 2008) Page 13

14 Development of Indonesia FDRS Using Remotely-Sensed Data Reasons: The number of weather stations in Indonesia are limited. The spatial distribution of these weather stations is not dense. Often the local scale of FDR information is needed for the local government. The use of satellite remote sensing data becomes the best alternative. Page 14

15 FWI System Inputs Required inputs to the FWI system are the: Air temperature Relative humidity 24-hour precipitation 10-m wind speed Previous day s FWI calculation All inputs measured at 12:00 LST (ideally) Page 15

16 NOAA/AVHRR-based Inputs TXLAPS Qmorph or TRMM DEM NOAA/ AVHRR Wind speed Rainfall Elevation Latitude FWI System Fine Fuel Moisture Content (FFMC) Drought Code (DC) Initial Spread Index (ISI) Fire Weather Index (FWI) Land Surface Temperature Air Temperature Relative Humidity Note: Land Use: Soil, Vegetation, Water TXLAPS: Tropical extended Area Prediction System (BoM, Australia) 00:00 UTC Qmorph: (NOAA) 06:00 UTC to 05:00 UTC TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (NASA and JAXA) 06:00 UTC to 05:00 UTC DEM: Digital Elevation Model (SRTM 90m) NOAA/AVHRR: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer - 08:00 UTC and 11:00 UTC e RH = e a s x100% [4.1082* Ta ] Page 16

17 MODIS-based Inputs TXLAPS Qmorph or TRMM Terra/Aqua MODIS Wind speed Rainfall Reflectance Ch1 to Ch7 Tb 31, Tb 32 EVI Water Vapor NDVI Albedo Land Surface Temp. Air Temperature DEM Relative Humidity FWI System Fine Fuel Moisture Content (FFMC) Drought Code (DC) Initial Spread Index (ISI) Fire Weather Index (FWI) Notes: MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer T b : Temperature brightness EVI: Enhanced Vegetation Index NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Page 17

18 FFMC (9 May 2010) Page 18

19 DC (9 May 2010) Page 19

20 ISI (9 May 2010) Page 20

21 FFMC (19 Feb 2008) Page 21

22 DC (19 Feb 2008) Page 22

23 Haze Plumes (19 Feb 2008) Page 23

24 FDRS Operations Operational systems are being run at: Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (using gorund based data) Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (using remote sensing data) Malaysian Meteorological Department (SEA-FDRS) (using ground based data) Page 24

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