Tree breeding. Heidi Dungey, Jana Krajňáková, Craig Ford, Emily Telfer, Jaroslav Klápště & Natalie Graham

Transcription

1 Tree breeding Heidi Dungey, Jana Krajňáková, Craig Ford, Emily Telfer, Jaroslav Klápště & Natalie Graham

2 Outline Something about trees What is the breeding cycle? Remaining challenges

3 A global perspective By 2040, the wood consumption of industrial wood will increase from 1.5 billion m 3 /year to 2.5 billion m 3 /year % of industrial wood will likely come from planted forests In Europe only 4 % are plantation forests (public acceptance)

4 Forests and conifers Domestication of food crops has an extensive history Trees were not domesticated except for the partial domestication of some fruit trees Tree improvement (domestication) began more than a century ago with conventional breeding In NZ breeding of exotics began in the1950s

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6 How far have we come?

7 Slide on deforestation 82% of New Zealand was covered in indigenous forest Now 24% and protected

8 New Zealand planted forest composition (%) Pinus radiata 90 Pseudotsuga menziesii 6 Eucalyptus spp. 1 others 3 *

9 1 year 5 years 2 years years 1 year 8 years 1 year

10 Conventional forward selection (FS) A B C Generation 1 (17 years) Generation 2 Forward selection (FS) Seed orchard Nursery Field testing Seed orchard Cross & generate seeds Sow seed Stool plants Planting age 1 age 2 age 3 age 4 age 5 age 6 age 7 age 8 Scale up Cross & generate seeds Time frame (year) Nursery Sow seed Forward selection with clonal archive (FSCA) Seed orchard Nursery Field testing Seed orchard Sow seed Stool plants Sow seed Stool plants Field testing Cross & generate Planting age 1 age 2 age 3 age 4 age 5 age 6 age 7 age 8 Cross & generate Planting age 1 seeds seeds Genomic selection has the potential to Clonal reduce archive generation time from 17 to 9 years Clonal archive Generation 1 (14 years) Generation 2 Nursery Genomic selection (GS) D D Generation 1 (9 years) Generation 2 (9 years) Generation 3 Genomic selection (GS) Seed orchard Nursery Seed orchard Nursery Cross & generate Sow seed Planting in clonal archive & Flowering at age 5 Cross & generate seeds seeds Time frame (year) Sow seed Planting in clonal archive & Flowering at age 5 Seed orchard Cross & generate seeds Genomic selection with top grafting (GSTG) Seed orchard Nursery Seed orchard Nursery Seed orchard Cross & generate seeds Sow seed Planting in clonal archive & Flowering at age 3 Cross & generate seeds Sow seed Planting in clonal archive & Flowering at Cross & generate seeds Sow seed Nursery Planting in clonal archive & Flowering at age 3 Generation 1 (7 years) Generation 2 (7 years) Generation 3 (7 years) D D D A: Seeds availabe B: Seedlings available C: Phenotypes available. Selection is made based on EBVs. D: Seedlings are old enough for DNA extraction. Selection is made based on GEBV.

11 Douglas-fir

12 Cypress Cupressus macrocarpa C. lusitanica Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

13 Eucalypts

14 Indigenous Totara Podocarpus totara Kauri Agathis australis

15 Wood quality Stiffness, density Internal checking, resin etc. Early selection (University of Canterbury)

16 stiffness and density change with altitude

17 Health Dothistroma needle blight Cyclaneusma needle cast Mitigation against pine pitch canker

18 Resilience to changing drivers Drier Windier Warmer Pests & pathogens Changing export markets

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20 Propagation in vitro and in nurseries is vitally important The use of vegetative propagation in forestry is the fastest, the most flexible and effective way to produce enough genetically improved material to meet future growth and demand

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22 Prosperity from trees Mai i te ngahere oranga Prosperity from trees Mai i te ngahere oranga Scion is the trading name of the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited