AMITY. Department of Environmental Studies UNIVERSITY. Lecture 16. Ecosystems. Types of Ecosystem. By Prof. S. P. Bajpai

Transcription

1 Lecture 16 Ecosystems Types of Ecosystem By Prof. S. P. Bajpai

2 2 Forest Ecosystem Grassland Ecosystem Desert Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem Ponds Streams Lakes Rivers Ocean estuaries TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS

3 3 FOREST ECOSYSTEM Forest is complete, functioning ecosystm that supports innumerable plant and animal species as well as soil, water and air subsystems. A forest ecosystem is complex of living and nonliving elements that interacts with each other. Depending upon the type of forest, forest ecosystem may be of various types like Temperate forest ecosystem, tropical rain forest ecosystem, Boreal or Taiga forests etc.

4 4 Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem (as a type of forest ecosystem) Rain forest receive lot of rain i.e. at an average of 80 inches a year. The temperature does not change very much during the year. They are densely packed and tree form large canopy. These forests are also the homes of thousand animal and plant species. The famous Amazon forest are the example of tropical rain forest ecosystem.

5 5 Characteristics of rain forest ecosystem Insects of tropical rain forest: The rain forests are full of various type of ant species including army ants. The forest also contain large number of species of spiders including most poisonous species of Tarantulas. Insects of rain forest also include large number of butterflies species, beetles, creeping centipedes etc. Birds of tropical rain forest: The birds of rain forests are most beautiful in the world. Many species of the bird are kept as pets due to their colourful looks.

6 6 Hundred species of the parrot also live in these forest. The scarlet macaw is one of the most beautiful parrot of the tropical rain forest. Toucans, hoatzins are also some birds that adds beauty to these rain forest. Mammals of tropical rain forest: Tropical rain forests are rich in various kinds of mammals species. Reptiles of tropical rain forests: Tropical rain forests are also homes of various kinds of reptiles ranging from various species of snakes to small reptiles like lizards and Chameleons. Primates of tropical rain forest: These forests are also home of various kinds of primates that includes Chimpanzees, Orangutans,Gorillas, Colobus monkey etc.

7 7 Producers: Consumers: Decomposers: Structure of Forest Ecosystems Human as apart of forest ecosystem: Function of forest ecosystem: Energy cycle Water cycle Nutrient cycle

8 8 Grassland Ecosystem Grasslands are distinguished by different names like Pampas plains, Savannas and Prairies. Grasslands develops in area where there is not enough rain for forest but too much rain for desert. Grasslands are rich in various types of grasses. The annual rainfall ranges between 25-75cm and mainly seasonal. The dominant plant species are small and tall grasses and some flowering plants which are generally perennials. Soil of grassland is often rich in organic matter.

9 9 Structure and Function of Grassland Ecosystem: Abiotic component Biotic component Food chains Desert ecosystem Abiotic component: Biotic component: Producers: Consumers: Desert insects and arachnids Desert reptiles Desert birds Desert mammals decomposers

10 1 Lake ecosystem Pond ecosystem River ecosystem Streams Ocean estuaries Aquatic Ecosystem

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