LUCF SECTOR GOOD PRACTICE GUIDANCE

Transcription

1 3 LUCF SECTOR GOOD PRACTICE GUIDANCE IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF

2 AUTHORS AND REVIEW EDITORS Co-ordinating Lead Authors Gert-Jan Nabuurs (The Netherlands), N.H. Ravindranath (India), and Keith Paustian (USA) Annette Freibauer (Germany), William Hohenstein (USA), and Willy Makundi (Tanzania) Lead Authors Harald Aalde (Norway), Abdelazim Yassin Abdelgadir (Sudan), Anwar Sheikhaddin Abdu Khalil (Bahrain), James Barton (New Zealand), Kathryn Bickel (USA), Samsudin Bin-Musa (Malaysia), Dominique Blain (Canada), Rizaldi Boer (Indonesia), Kenneth Byrne (Ireland), Carlos Cerri (Brazil), Lorenzo Ciccarese (Italy), David-Cruz Choque (Bolivia), Eric Duchemin (Canada), Lucien Dja (Ivory Coast), Justin Ford-Robertson (New Zealand), Wojciech Galinski (Poland), Jean-Claude Germon (France), Hector Ginzo (Argentina), Michael Gytarsky (Russian Federation), Linda Heath (USA), Denis Loustau (France), Tijani Mandouri (Morocco), Josef Mindas (Slovakia), Kim Pingoud (Finland), John Raison (Australia), Vladimir Savchenko (Belarus), Dieter Schöne (UN-FAO), Risto Sievanen (Finland), Kenneth Skog (USA), Keith Smith (UK), and Deying Xu (China) Contributing Authors Mark Bakker (France), Martial Bernoux (France/Brazil), Jagtar Bhatti (Canada), Rich Conant (USA), Mark Harmon (USA), Yasuhiko Hirakawa (Japan), Toshiro Iehara (Japan), Moriyoshi Ishizuka (Japan), Esteban Jobbagy (Argentina), Jukka Laine (Finland), Marna van der Merwe (South Africa), Indu K. Murthy (India), David Nowak (USA), Steve Ogle (USA), P. Sudha (India), Bob Scholes (South Africa), and Xiaoquan Zhang (China) Review Editors Sergio Gonzalez-Martineaux (Chile), Anke Herold (Germany), and Audun Rosland (Norway) 3.2 IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF

3 Contents 3.1 INTRODUCTION Inventory and Reporting Steps Linkage between this Chapter and the IPCC Guidelines Reporting Categories Changes in forest and other woody biomass stocks Forest and grassland conversion Abandonment of croplands, pastures, or other managed lands CO 2 emissions and removals from soils Other categories of reporting and specific cases Definitions of Carbon Pools General Methods Tier Levels Choice of Method Reporting Generic Climatic Zones FOREST LAND Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Change in carbon stocks in living biomass Change in carbon stocks in dead organic matter Change in carbon stocks in soils Non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions Land Converted to Forest Land Change in carbon stocks in living biomass Change in carbon stocks in dead organic matter Change in carbon stocks in soils Non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions Completeness Developing a Consistent Time Series Reporting and Documentation Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) CROPLAND Cropland Remaining Cropland Change in carbon stocks in living biomass Change in carbon stocks in soils Non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions Land Converted to Cropland IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF 3.3

4 Change in carbon stocks living biomass Change in carbon stocks in soils Non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions Completeness Developing a Consistent Time Series Reporting and Documentation Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Estimation of Revised GPG Tier 1 Defaults for Mineral Soil C Emissions/Removals for Cropland GRASSLAND Grassland Remaining Grassland Change in carbon stocks in living biomass Change in carbon stocks in soils Non-CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions Land Converted to Grassland Change in carbon stocks in biomass Change in carbon stocks in soils Non-CO 2 greenhouse gases Completeness Developing a Consistent Time Series Reporting and Documentation Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Estimation of Revised GPG Tier 1 Defaults for Grassland Management WETLANDS Wetlands Remaining Wetlands Land Converted to Wetlands Change in carbon stocks in land converted to peat extraction Change in carbon stocks in land converted to flooded land (Reservoirs) Completeness Developing a Consistent Time Series Reporting and Documentation Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) SETTLEMENTS Settlements Remaining Settlements Land Converted to Settlements OTHER LAND Other Land Remaining Other Land Land Converted to Other Land Change in carbon stocks in living biomass Change in carbon stocks in soils IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF

5 3.7.3 Completeness Developing a Consistent Time Series Reporting and Documentation Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Annex 3A.1 Biomass Default Tables for Section 3.2 Forest Land Annex 3A.2 Reporting Tables and Worksheets Appendix 3a.1 Harvested Wood Products: Basis for Future Methodological Development Appendix 3a.2 Non-CO 2 Emissions from Drainage and Rewetting of Forest Soils: Basis For Future Methodological Development Appendix 3a.3 Wetlands Remaining Wetlands: Basis for Future Methodological Development Appendix 3a.4 Settlements: Basis for Future Methodological Development References IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF 3.5

6 Equations Equation Annual carbon stock change in a given pool as a function of gains and losses Equation Annual carbon stock change in a given pool Equation Annual emissions or removals from forest land remaining forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in forest land remaining forest land (Default Method) Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in forest land remaining forest land (Stock Change Method) Equation Annual increase in carbon stocks due to biomass increment in forest land remaining forest land Equation Average annual increment in biomass Equation Annual decrease in carbon stocks due to biomass loss in forest land remaining forest land Equation Annual carbon loss due to commercial fellings Equation Annual carbon loss due to fuelwood gathering Equation Annual other losses of carbon Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in dead organic matter in forest land remaining forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in dead wood in forest land remaining forest land (Option 1) Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in dead wood in forest land remaining forest land (Option 2) Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in litter in forest land remaining forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils in forest land remaining forest land Equation CO 2 emissions from drained organic forest soils Equation Soil organic carbon content Equation Direct N 2 O emissions from managed forests Equation Direct N 2 O emissions from forest fertilisation Equation Estimation of non-co 2 emissions from C released Equation Estimation of GHGs directly released in fires Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to forest land (Tier 1) Equation Annual increase in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to forest land Equation Annual decrease in carbon stocks in living biomass due to losses in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to forest land (Tier 2) Equation Change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land annually converted to forest land IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF

7 Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in dead wood in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in dead wood in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in litter in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in litter in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils upon afforestation Equation CO 2 emissions from drained organic soils in land converted to forest land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in cropland remaining cropland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in soils in cropland remaining cropland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils for a single cropland system Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils in cropland remaining cropland Equation CO 2 emissions from cultivated organic soils in cropland remaining cropland Equation Annual carbon emissions from agricultural lime application Equation Total change in carbon stocks in land converted to cropland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to cropland Equation Change in carbon stocks as a result of clearing biomass in a land use conversion Equation Carbon losses from biomass burning, on-site and off-site Equation Carbon losses from biomass decay Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in soils in land converted to cropland Equation Total annual emissions of N 2 O from mineral soils in land converted to cropland Equation N 2 O emissions as a result of the disturbance associated with land-use conversion of forest, grassland, or other land to cropland Equation Annual nitrogen released by net soil organic mineralisation as a result of the disturbance (based on soil C mineralised) Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in grassland remaining grassland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in grassland remaining grassland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in grassland remaining grassland Equation Annual change in living biomass Rate Approach Equation Annual change in living biomass Difference Approach Equation Total biomass Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in soils in grassland remaining grassland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils for a single grassland system Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils in total grassland remaining grassland Equation CO 2 emissions from cultivated organic soils in grassland remaining grassland Equation Annual carbon emissions from agricultural lime application Equation Total change in carbon stocks in land converted to grassland Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to grassland Equation Change in carbon stocks as a result of biomass clearing during land use conversion Equation Carbon losses from biomass burning, on-site and off-site IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF 3.7

8 Equation Carbon losses from biomass decay Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in soils in land converted to grassland (LG) Equation Change in carbon stocks in land converted to wetlands Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in land converted to peat extraction Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to peat extraction Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in soils in land converted to peat extraction Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in soils due to drainage of organic soils converted to peat extraction Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to flooded land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in forest land converted to settlements (FS) Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in land converted to Other Land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in living biomass in land converted to Other Land Equation Annual change in carbon stocks in mineral soils in land converted to Other Land Figures Figure Figure Figure Decision Tree for Identification of Appropriate Tier-Level for Land Remaining in the same Land Use Category (Example given for Forest Land Remaining Forest Land, FF) Decision Tree for Identification of Appropriate Tier-Level for Land Converted to another Land Use Category (Example given for Land Converted to Forest Land, LF) Two temporally averaged values of soil organic carbon corresponding to different combinations of forest soils, management practices and disturbance regimes IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF

9 Tables Table Mapping between the sections of Chapter 5 of the 1996 IPCC Guidelines and the sections of Chapter 3 of this report Table Definitions for terrestrial pools used in Chapter Table Sub-categories within a given land use section Table Updated defaults for litter carbon stocks and transition period Table Updated defaults of natural mortality rates, dead wood stocks, and live:dead ratios Table Default values for CO 2 -C emission factor for drained organic soils in managed forests Table Default reference (under native vegetation) soil organic C stocks (SOC Ref ) Table Sources of uncertainty in estimating CO 2 emission/removal from forest soil and DOM pools Table Tier descriptions for subcategories under cropland remaining cropland Table Default coefficients for aboveground woody biomass and harvest cycles in cropping systems containing perennial species Table Default reference (under native vegetation) soil organic C stocks (SOC Ref ) Table Relative stock change factors (F LU, F MG, and F I ) (over 20 years) for different management activities on cropland Table Annual emission factors (EF) for cultivated organic soils Table Tier descriptions for subcategories under land converted to cropland (LC) Table Default biomass carbon stocks removed due to land conversion to cropland Table Default biomass carbon stocks present on land converted to cropland in the year following conversion Table Relative soil stock change factors (F LU, F MG, F I ) for land-use conversions to cropland Table Tier descriptions for subcategories under grassland remaining grassland Table Default estimates for standing biomass grassland (as dry matter) and aboveground net primary production, classified by IPCC climate zones Table Default expansion factors (root-to-shoot [R:S] ratios) for the major savannah/rangeland ecosystems of the world Table Default reference (under native vegetation) soil organic c stocks (SOC Ref ) Table Relative stock change factors for grassland management Table Annual emission factors (EF) for managed grassland organic soils Table Tier descriptions for subcategories under land converted to grassland Table Default biomass carbon stocks removed due to land conversion to grassland Table Default biomass carbon stocks present on land converted to grassland Table Relative soil stock change factors for land-use conversions to grassland Table Sections and appendices addressing major greenhouse gas emissions from managed wetlands in this report Table Emission factors and associated uncertainty for organic soils after drainage IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF 3.9

10 Boxes Box Framework of Tier Structure in the Good Practice Guidance Box Organic soils, peat lands and wetlands Box Good practice in derivation of country-specific emission factors IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF