Kopernikus Land Monitoring Service - Global Component. Espen Volden GMES Bureau

Transcription

1 Kopernikus Land Monitoring Service - Global Component Espen Volden GMES Bureau

2 GMES -> KOPERNIKUS Started in a milestone: (pre-)operational services GMES Forum Lille 16-17/ Name change & demonstration of services: Land, Emergency, Marine, Atmosphere, Security FP7 1.2 billon euros + ESA = 2 billion euros for space segment & services ESA Ministerial Council Nov 2008 EC operational budget from Meuros/y (Emergency service) Preparing now for bridge budget

3 Land Monitoring Service Addresses a wide range of resources and policies at EU and international level (e.g. soils, water, agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, transport etc.) Very diverse user communities with various requirements Common key requirements: improve data access and reference data Will offer a portfolio of data and products with different levels of elaboration (from preprocessed images to elaborated information)

4 Product portfolio Multipurpose products pre-processed space data (eg orthorectified images, image mosaic, cloud mask, daily/weekly image composites ) basic reference data: access improvement and European products Bio-geophysical parameters to support GCOS-GTOS/ECVs A set of Land Use/Land Cover and Land Cover Change products at various scales (Global land cover, EU continental land cover, national or covering areas of interest) and various time resolution: dynamic products (daily, weekly, monthly, or seasonally), periodic products (every 1-5 years) Thematic products at European or Global level dedicated to specific usage e.g.: crop forecasts, early warning on food security, water models, environmental indicators, carbon fluxes, soil degradation and desertification models... Still to be addressed

5 First elements Starting with Main information over Europe 3-5 yearly updates of core land cover / land use data with minimum mapping units of 1-5 ha, improved on Corine basis Land cover / land use data of 500 functional urban areas ( 100,000 inh.), minimum mapping units 0.1 ha Annual low resolution updates Example: Prague (GSE Urban Services, 2004) Four level legend from MOLAND SPOT-5 data (2.5m) Scale 1:10,000

6 Service evolution Extending after 2008 Thematic component at Pan-EU level: information to address European policies such as Environmental policies (Water, Soils, Forestry, Biodiversity ), Regional policy, CAP, etc.. Still needs to be addressed by the IG Global component: support to the EU international development co-operation policies and the implementation and monitoring of international conventions. May cover: Global scale monitoring (e.g. biogeophysical parameters) Thematic components at International level (e.g. desertification, food security, deforestation..) Is being addressed by a specific working Group

7 EC FP & ESA GSE/DUE feeding in From R&D towards operational services: FP6 Geoland GSE Land GSE Forest Monitoring GSE Food Security GlobCover, GlobCarbon already resulted in operational Kopernikus services: CORINE high resolution soil sealing layer Urban Atlas Main contributions from now on: FP7 Geoland2 (pres later today)

8 Service definition process Implementation group -> Strategic Implementation Report Building on projects (FP6, ESA GSE) and User Workshops Defines European component Includes a global component, but to be defined Global Land Working Group Drafted report for global component

9 Information needs from policy analysis What are the relevant variables that need to be observed to support EU international obligations? Policy areas Potential Users Information needs Climate change Desertification Biodiversity Forest resources Water resources Food security Urban development A. DG ENV B. UNFCCC C. GCOS/GTOS D. DG DEV, AIDCO, ENV E. FAO F. UNCCD G. DG ENV, DEV, AIDCO H. UNCBD I. UNEPÕs WCMC J. GBIF K. RAMSAR Convention Secretariat L. DG ENV, AGRI, DEV, AIDCO M. FAO, UNDP, UNEP, WMO and UNESCO, N. WB and Regional International Development Banks - DG DEV, AIDCO O. DG DEV, AIDCO, ENV, AGRI P. FAO, WFP Q. DG DEV, AIDCO, RELEX, UNHABITAT, World Bank, UNDP 1. Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables Variables 2. natural CO2 stock and budget 3. fire impact due to burned biomass a. Temporal trends in vegetation cover and volume (biomass), changes in phenological cycles b. Identification of degradation hot spots (state and trends in time) c. Soil properties/soil conditions and their trends in time (soil organic matter, salinisation, moisture availability, erosion) d. Precipitation, radiation, evapo-transpiration, etc. e. Integrated dryland condition assessments (rain use efficiency) f. Land cover and land cover change maps, land use and management information g. DEM and geology Land cover and changes in protected areas and other sensitive areas Information on habitat deteroration such as fragmentation fire regime in protected areas and surrounding buffer zone (fire seasonality, area affected by fires) vegetation dynamic in sensitive areas h. Forest cover distribution and characterisation (incl. forest types and density) i. Forest cover change maps and deforestation rates j. Monitoring of timber exploitation (incl. illegal logging) Š Runoff, precipitation, evapo-transpiration, stream flow, groundwater recharge Š Water management and use; average water available per watershed; mapping of irrigated sites; location of small dams; water level in large rivers k. DEM and geology l. land cover and land cover change maps, land use and management information m. temperature, radiation, rainfall estimates, evapotraspiration n. vegetation indices (NDVI) o. water satisfaction index for food crops Land use and management of agricultural areas; Agriculture cover per groups of crops; land parcel map; changes in the extent and productivity of agricultural lands Forecast /Estimates of major food crops and crop production; early warning of harvest shortfalls Land cover and change maps of urban areas at continental, national and city levels; Monitoring of formal and informal rural / urban human settlements

10 Name Products Geographical Coverage Horizontal resolution Frequency of product update Accuracy Multi-purpose Global LMCS products Technical requirements are in line with GCOS IP Fraction of Vegetation Cover Global 1km 1-day 15% Leaf Area Index Global 1km 1-day 15% NDVI Global 1 km 1-day 15% FAPAR Global 250m / 1km 1-day/10-day 15% Burnt area maps Global 250m 1-day 15% Active Fire maps Global 1 km 1-day 15% Fire Radiated power Global 1km 1-day 15% Land surface albedo Global 1km 1-day /10-day 15% Land surface temperature Global 1 km 15min 2 K Surface fluxes - Short-wave Global 1 km 1-day /10-day 5-10 % Surface fluxes - downward long-wave Global 1 km 30 min 5-10 % Emissivity Global 1 km 1-day / 30 min 15% Lakes maps Global 250m 1-day /10-day 15% Level of lakes and big rivers Global < 4 km 1-day /10-day 10 cm Lake surface temperature Global 1 km 1-day /10-day 0.2C Ground water Global 1 km 1-month 15% Actual Evapotranspiration Global 1km 30min Snow area extent Global 5km 1-day 15% Continental 500m / 1km 1-week 15% Snow depth Global 10km 1-week Snow water equivalent (SWE) Global 10km 1-week Permafrost extent Global 30km 1-day Permafrost depth Global 30km 1-day Permafrost seasonality Global 30km Soil moisture (up to 10-cm soil depth) Global 50 km 1-day / 30min 20% Land cover and land cover change maps Global 250m / 1km 1-year 15% Global 20-30m 5-year 15% Forest cover maps Global 30m 5-year 15% Urban area maps Regional 30m 3-year 15% Rural and urban human settlements, including refugee and IDP camps Global 5m/1m 2 year 10% Cropland maps Regional 30m?-year 15% Glacier and ice sheet maps Global 30m 5-year 15% Ice sheet topography and elevation changes Global 100 m 1-year 0,1 m

11 Parameter Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FVC) Leaf Area Index (LAI) Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetic Active Radiation (fapar) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) More detailed analysis: Vegetation parameters Definition Complement of the gap fraction at nadir direction and accounts for the amount of vegetation distributed in a horizontal perspective Amount of leaf material in an ecosystem, which imposes important controls on photosynthesis, respiration, rain interception, and other processes that link vegetation to climate Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by a plant canopy. PAR is the solar radiation reaching the canopy in the wavelength region micrometres Based on non-linear transformation of the visible red and nearinfrared satellite bands Existing capacities in Europe: FVC currently generated daily by LAND SAF based on MSG/SEVIRI instrument. LAI currently generated daily by LAND SAF based on MSG/SEVIRI instrument. LAI estimations principally based on direct and indirect in situ measurement methods. Satellites provide only indirect measures relying on the relationship between LAI and characteristics of reflected radiation from the canopy as measured by the satellite sensor. Due to the limited coverage of in situ measurements, satellite-based estimation of LAI are the only estimations which can be provided over large areas. fapar produced from models of transfer of solar radiation in plant canopies using remote sensing observations. Global fapar products with 1km spatial resolution have been generated from optical sensors from 1997 onwards by ESA/JRC and NASA. Higher-resolution products at m are available from MODIS and MERIS but not yet operationally on a global and sustained basis. fapar products are also provided based on MSG/SEVIRI images by LAND SAF Daily, weekly and monthly NDVI synthesis maps covering the globe are available by NOAA/AVHRR since NDVI time series from satellite-derived are also provided from SPOT/VEGETATION and TERRA/MODIS.

12 New expert groups for thematic services Thematic services to be defined now => New expert drafting groups => reshuffling Each theme will include the global component Preliminary themes / expert groups (not stabilised) Soil & Water Forest, vegetation and natural zones Agriculture Other themes later Need experts!

13 State of play for global component Report almost completed New thematic expert groups including global In situ needs more work Architecture and Governance to be elaborated in more details Modelling service needs more work Link with Implementation Group work Link with other GMES services (Climate Change issues) Link with FP7 projects

14 More information on the Land Monitoring Service: On new Kopernikus Web site Land monitoring portal