Building Bigger, Taller and Smarter with Wood. Iain Macdonald TallWood Design Institute

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1 Building Bigger, Taller and Smarter with Wood Iain Macdonald TallWood Design Institute

2 Outline Mass timber what and why? European origins Worldwide growth Mass timber in the US The future

3 TallWood Design Institute An industry-driven partnership between: College of Forestry, Oregon State University College of Design, University of Oregon College of Engineering, Oregon State University

4 Our Purpose 1. Grow the manufacturing base for structural wood products especially mass timber - in Oregon and the Northwest US 2. Eliminate barriers and stimulate demand for structural wood products and building systems throughout the US

5 Oregon Forest Science Complex

6 CLT plywood on steroids?

7 Origins of CLT Developed as a high-value use for side lumber from sawmilling processes Intensive Austrian research at University of Graz by Gerhard Schickhofer and others mid to late 1990s First CLT buildings Germany & Switzerland KLH founded in 1997 now worldwide market leader

8 CLT Production in Europe Today Courtesy of Lech Muszynski, OSU

9 Estimated Global Output Canada 5% USA 3% Japan** 5% Other EU6% France** 5% Switzerland 3% Italy; 5% Germany 14% Austria 54% Muszynski 2017

10 Global CLT Production

11 CLT production in m 3 Thousands # of respondents Market Growth 2, , ,000 0 within 12 months within 2 years within 5 years no increase planned m cft or 424 M bf Muszynski 2016, based on Schickhofer 2010, Holzkurier 2011, 2015 & OSU Global Industry Survey 2016

12 Mass timber is not just CLT

13 Why Build Bigger with Wood? 50% of the world s population live in cities today 75% will be urban dwellers by billion people will need a new home in next 20 years Image: theconversation.com

14 Urban Growth vs Climate Change 47% of GHGs come from buildings 33% from transportation 19% from industry

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16 Environmental Benefits During Service 50% of the dry weight of wood is carbon 1m 3 of wood stores 1 ton of carbon Carbon is sequestered throughout the lifetime of the building Can be reclaimed at end of building life

17 Economic Benefits Offsite prefabrication saves jobsite labor Up to 75% lighter than a concrete building = reduced foundation sizes and easier material handling Less deliveries, simplified jobsite logistics Less jobsite waste

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22 Canada Pioneering Steps Wood First Act required wood to be considered as the primary building material in all new publicly-funded buildings In an average year, BC funds almost $3 billion in capital investments in hospitals, schools, social housing, etc Winter Olympics used as springboard 6-storey light frame wood buildings allowed under code since 2009 in BC and Quebec first, now more broadly 53 BC municipalities representing 1.1M people passed similar Wood First bylaws/resolutions

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29 Brock Commons, Vancouver, BC

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31 Mass Timber in the US

32 Oregon has become the US mass timber hub due to several factors

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39 What are the barriers? Cost uncertainties and lack of familiarity Design: seismic, fire, durability (moisture), lack of standardized connector systems, etc. Manufacturing: computer aided design skills, computer numerical control fabrication machinery skills, digital integration from screen to machine and jobsite; aversion to capital investment risk; drying capacity Construction: different installation skills required than typical general contractors possess

40 What are the barriers? Cost uncertainties and lack of familiarity Design: seismic, fire, durability (moisture), lack of standardized connector systems, etc. Manufacturing: computer aided design skills, computer numerical control fabrication machinery skills, digital integration from screen to machine and jobsite; aversion to capital investment risk; drying capacity Construction: different installation skills required than typical general contractors possess These span across disciplines and must be addressed through a coordinated approach

41 TallWood Design Institute - response Industry-focused applied research Product development and testing Training and education

42 Research Fire Performance of Douglas-Fir CLT Wall and Floor Assemblies Made in Oregon Behavior of CLT Diaphragm Panel-to-Panel Connections with Self-tapping Screws CLT Fastener Solutions for Tall Wood Buildings Composite Concrete-CLT Floor Systems for Tall Buildings Seismic Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber and Cross-Laminated Timber- Concrete Composite Floor Diaphragms Design of the Timber Pile Ground Improvement for Liquefaction Mitigation Post-Occupancy Performance Monitoring of Mass Timber Buildings Peavy Hall as a Living Lab Net-Zero Tall Wood Buildings Life Cycle Analysis of Mass Timber Buildings Tall Wood Buildings and Indoor Air Quality The Pulse of the Global CLT Industry: Launching an Annual Survey as a Continuing Learning Tool

43 CLT Shake Table Test: San Diego July 2017

44 Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida Dec 2016

45 Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL

46 Education & Training Certificate program in mass timber manufacturing and construction: Modular program for workplace learners Joint delivery with community colleges Online elements Partnerships with software and machinery vendors Design-fabricate build experiences at TDI s A.A. Red Emerson Advanced Wood Products Lab

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48 Education & Training Summarize research on wood construction for code officials, designers and other relevant audiences Joint studio courses involving U of Oregon and OSU students

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50 Mass timber in the USA: the future? SmartLam (Montana) planning two more CLT plants in next two years Katerra (WA) planning two more CLT plants in next 2 years Vaagen Timber (WA) CLT plant announced for 2018??

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