INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PROJECT DOCUMENT TITLE SERIAL NUMBER COMMITTEE SUBMITTED BY ORIGINAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM - OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FOREST INDUSTRY SECTOR IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION PD 174/02 REV.1 (I) FOREST INDUSTRY GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA ENGLISH SUMMARY The proect aims at providing an international forum to identify the current trends and potential impacts of carbon forestry on the global forest sector, with an emphasis on the forest industry sector and rural livelihood in tropical countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Topics of the workshop include a review on the current carbon proects/markets established in Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica and other selected countries. Speakers to be invited to the workshop include a representative from UNFCC and proect leaders of ITIO proects relating to CDM. The maor output expected from the workshop is a strategic analysis on the opportunities for carbon forest business and for the capacity building of developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region. EXECUTING AGENCY DURATION APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE Seoul National University (SNU) In cooperation with the Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) and the Northeast Asia Forest Forum (NEAFF) 12 MONTHS UPON APPROVAL PROPOSED BUDGET AND OTHER FUNDING SOURCES Source ITTO SNU KFRI NEAFF TOTAL Contribution in (US$) 122,960 7,000 15,000 15, ,960

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3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: CONTEXT PART 11: THE PROJECT 1. Origin 2. Sectoral policies 3. Programmes and Operational Activities 1. Proect Obectives 1.1 Development Obective 1.2 Specific Obective 2. Justification 2.1 Problems to be addressed 2.2 Intended situation after proect completion 2.3 Proect strategy 2.4 Target beneficiaries 2.5 Technical and scientific aspects 2.6 Economic aspects 2.7 Environmental aspects 2.8 Social aspects 2.9 Risks 3. Outputs 3.1 Output Output Activities 4.1 OUTPUT 1.1 Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity OUTPUT 1.2 Activity Activity Logical Framework Worksheets 6. Work plan 7. Budget a. Overall proect budget 2

4 Part Ill: Operational Arrangements 1. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation 2. Future Operation and Maintenance PART IV: Tropical Timber Framework. Annexes 1. Compliance with ITTA 1994 Obectives 2. Compliance with ITTO Yokohama Action Plan Annex A: Proposed Programme of the workshop Annex B: Criteria and Terms of Reference for Organisers and Participants of the conference Annex C: Profile of the Executing Agency Annex D: Curriculum Vitae of Key staff Annex D: A Summary of the modifications of the revised proposal 3

5 PART I: CONTEXT 1. Origin The Kyoto Protocol is assessed to be a huge step towards in mitigating global warming that may cause great impacts on global ecosystem and human society in history. It is explained in Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol that Annex I parties shall, individually or ointly, ensure their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases not to exceed their assigned amount with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases on average by 5.2% below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to Article 3.2 also prescribes each party, by 2005, to make demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. Among the emission reducing mechanisms, only the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) authorizes credits for emissions reduction activities ointly carried out by Annex I and Non-Annex I parties. The CDM is defined as oint activities between Annex I parties and Non-Annex I parties to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The purpose of the CDM is to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the obective of the Climate Convention. The CDM activities are expected to generate both global and local benefits. In a global perspective, CDM can make a contribution to lowering the cost of emissions reduction and accelerating the implementation of policies for emissions reduction. At the Conference of Parties (COP6) part 2 in July 2001 in Bonn, the inclusion of sinks as a means of carbon mitigation was accepted. Forestry activities such as afforestation and reforestation can be facilitated in tropical forests, under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), to offset carbon emissions by those countries that have accepted carbon emission quotas. This suggests that carbon markets in tropical forests can play a significant role in supporting and developing industrial reforestation of degraded forest land and afforestation with participation of the private industry sector. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to conduct a study to review the opportunities for the forest industry sector in developing such markets in the tropics. This proect is related to the following ITTO proects aiming at promoting CDM: PO 54/99 Rev. 2 (F) "Alternative Financing Model for Sustainable Forest Management in San Nicolas, Colombia (Colombia)" and PPD 47/02 (F) "Promotion of Clean Development Mechanism in the Framework of Sustainable Forest Management with Local Communities involvement (Indonesia)". With the participation of key stakeholders in CDM forestry, including UNFCC representative and proect leaders for the above ITTO proects in the field of CDM, the proect will provide an forum to better understand the factors that affect participation in CDM carbon forestry by forest stakeholders in tropical countries in the Asia-Pacific region and to disseminate technical information on carbon forestry and the findings of the conference among the private sector, government and non-governmental organizations both in producing and consuming countries. 4

6 2. Sectoral Policies Through the implementation of the Fourth Forest Development Plan ( ), the Korea Forest Service (KFS) intends to end government-led reforestation programs and to switch them into a sustainable forest management system to meet diverse social and international trends. The primary obective of the Fourth Plan is to establish and develop a sustainable forest management basis. Under this obective, the KFS is putting special emphasis on securing forest resource base, fostering competitive forest industries, and promoting the establishment of healthy and pleasant forests for the general people. For the maor action plans, efforts are being concentrated on; 1) introduction of a multiple management system as well as training of foresters, 2) promotion of the timber industry sector and a marketing system for forest products, 3) conservation of forest ecosystems, 4) establishment of an effective forest fire control system, 5) strengthen the urban forest management for pleasant living conditions and sound recreation culture, 6) development of mountain villages, 7) prepare for the unified Korea, 8) strengthening of international cooperation in forestry related issues, and 9) expansion of overseas plantations. For this purpose, Korea is supporting developing countries through dispatching forest technicians and training public officers of developing countries in reforestation and forest management. Overseas plantations will grow up to 1 million ha and carbon absorption from domestic forest will increase up to 5.6million TC. It was noted that CDM should be transparent and, cost-effective, and equitable in proect development, certification, and verification processes and that it can play a significant role in supporting and developing industrial reforestation of degraded forest land and afforestation with participation of the private industry sector in the tropics. 3. Programmes and Operational Activities The information concerning CDM developments is limited to many producer and consumer countries at the global level. It is strongly felt that global, regional, and national level studies are needed to understand and implement the CDM for the developing countries as well as developed countries. Such studies should take into account the diverse nature of economic and social aspects of countries plus the variation and dimension of forest industry and nature of forest. Global international and national organizations and institutions should strive to promote the best information and appropriate practices according to current status of forest industry and forests of each country. 5

7 PART 11: THE PROJECT 1. Proect Obectives 1.1 Development Obective The overall obective of the proect is to promote the development of carbon markets in the tropics through the implementation of CDM forestry activities such as industrial afforestation and reforestation of degraded forest land by participation of the forest industry sector. 1.2 Specific Obective To improve understanding on CDM carbon forestry through the organization of an international workshop on CDM to identify the opportunities for the tropical forestry sector in the Asia-Pacific region. 2. Justification 2.1 Problems to be addressed The Article 12 of Kyoto Protocol (KP) based on the UNFCCC includes forestry activities such as afforestation and reforestation as carbon emission mitigation means. The countries committed to reduce GHG emission to pre-determined level by the year can utilize forestry options to optimize the cost of meeting the target by investing in Clean Development Mechanism forestry activities (Le. afforestation and reforestation) in countries without emission reduction commitment. We believe that the impact of the Kyoto Protocol will also change patterns of forest investment and timber trade, which, in turn can significantly impact forest industry and rural Livelihood in tropics. The forestry activities aimed at carbon sequestration will eventually increase the base of timber supply in the long run, which in turn impact on the timber market, global and local. Timber price will be an important factor affecting the livelihood of rural communities in non Annex I countries participating in CDM forestry activities via increased employment and income from timber sales revenue at the end the contract. The price of energy is an important determinant of the demand for fuel wood of rural communities, which directly or indirectly influences the livelihood and leakage of CDM forestry proects. The production and transaction costs of carbon credits from CDM forestry are important factors determining the benefits of CDM forestry to rural communities. Currently, there is lack of understanding of the impact of CDM on forest industry and rural livelihood, particularly in developing countries. Forest industry and rural communities should have a clear understanding of the constraints and opportunities that exist in CDM carbon forestry and the potential impact on forest sector and rural Livelihood. 2.2 Intended situation after Proect Completion Dissemination of the following technical information which is crucial for the formulation of a national and international policy on carbon markets development programme 6

8 Assessment and review of carbon sequestration, carbon forest industry and its market situation. Promotion of efficient utilization of natural resources and energy by society as a whole including factories and families. Development of reforestation techniques for large-scale afforestation. Review of the state-of-the-art technologies available on international cooperation in carbon forestry in the context of formulation of strategic plans on research and development programmes of participating countries. 2.3 Proect Strategy The organization of an international workshop will be arranged in consultation with IUFRO, CIFOR and relevant agencies by collaborative efforts of the host institution - Seoul National University. NEAFF, and Korea Forest Society. The proposed international workshop will provide further guidance in the formulation of future research programmes on CDM initiated earlier through UNFCC in a meaningful way at the global level as well as in developing a new direction where forestry industry should go. The plenary speakers invited by the workshop will be from Australia, Brazil/Costa Rica, Columbia (proect leader for PO 54/99 Rev.2 (F), Indonesia (proect leader for PPO 47/02 (F)), Japan and others. In addition, UNFCC representative dealing with COM forestry will be invited to the workshop. The countries invited to the workshop as resources persons will include India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and others. The resource persons invited will prepare and deliver a country paper relating to COM forestry to the workshop. Attention in the selection the participants will also be placed on the participation of the private sector working for carbon markets in tropical forests. 2.4 Target Beneficiaries The target beneficiaries include: Korea's private industry sector (carbon emitters) Timber industry sectors of ITTO producer countries Policy makers and international investors including non-governmental organizations/private sectors on plantation development and wood users of both local and international communities Research institutions/universities engaged in carbon forest research of producer and consumer countries 2.5 Technical and scientific aspects All proects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are not necessarily eligible for the CDM. Clear definition for proect eligibility is an important task to be done before CDM proects are started. The calculation of emissions reduction should be based on locally available technology rather than commonly used technology because commonly used technology may cause baseline inflation and technology dumping by investing countries. One of the criteria for proect eligibility is whether proects deliver real, measurable, and long-term emissions reduction. 7

9 The proect proposes the following scientific programme and technical field visits during 2-day workshop. The keynote and plenary/sub-plenary speakers as well as the competent resource persons of international repute pertaining to the CDM will be identified later. Tentative program is listed in Annex A. 2.6 Economic aspects Baseline approach is how to evaluate the emissions of greenhouse gases in the case of no CDM proect. Baseline emissions are a basis to calculate the amount of emissions reduction generated by the CDM proect. Proect participants have an incentive to inflate the baseline emissions of greenhouse gases to acquire more CERs (certified emission reduction) from the proects. It is needed the measures to prevent participants from inflating the baseline emissions. Forestry sector and energy-dependent industries will seek economical ways of collaboration in curbing the problem of green house gases emission. The economic basis for south-north partnership in the international forestry-energy business will be established. 2.7 Environmental aspects In an environmental perspective, CDM proects shall not increase total emissions of greenhouse gases at national level. If a proect that reduces greenhouse gas emissions in one sector would cause an increase in total greenhouse gas emissions, it is not acceptable as a CDM proect. CDM also should meet the needs of sustainable development of Non-Annex I parties as well as assist the achievement of quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments of Annex I parties. 2.8 Social aspects The construction of carbon markets in the tropics would provide a social mechanism for improving the living conditions of local people. Small farmers and indigenous peoples could earn a complementary income source by supplying quality seeds to CDM forestry activities. It will provide extended opportunities for local employment through local nurseries, land preparation services and skill training in reforestation of degraded lands. 2.9 Risks The maor risk of the proect is the active and effective participation of the resource persons/researchers, policy makers, and private sectors in addressing the crucial issues identified in the proect and their deliberations. The dissemination of the findings through documents/published proceedings should influence the concerned governments for implementation of national programmes. To minimise the risks, the support and commitment of the executing and cooperating agencies is crucial. 8

10 3. Outputs Output 1. The international workshop on the Clean Development Mechanism - opportunities for the forest industry sector and rural livelihood of developing countries in the tropics organized and implemented, involving the participation of the private sector, government institutions and non-governmental organizations. Around 100 national and international participants are expected. Output 2 One thousand copies of the workshop proceedings, including invited papers and the workshop findings, printed and distributed to participants, government agencies and others involved in tropical timber production and potential investors in plantations for carbon credit. 4. Activities Output Set-up an organizing committee Notification and circulation of provisional programmes Identify resource persons in relevant themes for keynote and plenary talks Invite and review the theme papers for presentation from identified resource persons Hold an international workshop Output Edit and publication of proceedings Distribution of workshop proceedings Maintenance of an Internet home page for CMD forestry 9

11 5. Logical Framework Worksheets Proect Elements Development Obective Obectively verifiable indicators Means of verification Important assumptions The overall obective of the The contribution proect is to promote the of carbon forest development of carbon markets sector increased in the tropics through the implementation of CDM forestry Industrial forest activities such as industrial plantations areas afforestation and reforestation of for carbon credit degraded forest land by are developed participation of the forest industry sector. Reports from International intergovernmental support for carbon and forest governmental organizations 2 Specific Obective To improve understanding on Quality papers on Invited papers to Cooperation of CDM carbon forestry through the critical issues of the workshop resources persons organization of an international carbon forest are workshop on CDM to identify the submitted to the opportunities for the tropical workshop forestry sector in the Asia-Pacific region. Knowledge and Workshop information proceedings shared among the key stakeholders in promoting carbon forest. Quality workshop proceedings Outputs (1) The international workshop The workshop will Reports from an Cooperation and on the impact of the Clean be convened in organizing active deliberation Development Mechanism on the Quarter three of committee among the forest industry and rural the year one with resource persons livelihood of developing the participation countries in the tropics organized of resource and implemented persons Conduct of the conference 10

12 (2) One thousand copies of the conference proceedings, including invited papers and the workshop findings, printed and distributed to participants, government agencies and others involved in tropical timber production and potential investors in plantations for carbon credit. Country situation on carbon forest development programme updated Hit number by users in an Internet home page for the conference Workshop proceedings Articles or papers to relevant Journals Current information on CMD carbon forestry issues Willingness to implement the appropriate carbon forest investment programme Quality of an Internet home page 11

13 6. Work Plan Outputs/Activiti Respon Schedule (in months) es -sible f l Party 1.1 Set-up an SNU organizing committee 1.2 Notification SNU and circulation of provisional programmes 1.3 Identify SNU resource persons in relevant themes for keynote and plenary talks 1.4 Invite and SNU review the theme papers for presentation from identified resource persons 1.5 Hold conference the SNU 2.1 Edit publication proceedings and of SNU 2.2 Distribution of SNU workshop proceedings 2.3 Construction SNU and maintenance of an Internet home 12

14 7. Budge OVERALL PROJECT BUDGET BY ACTIVITY ITTO SNU KFRI NEAFF 10 Proect personnel 11. National/international personnel Proect leader (2 working months x $ 3,000) 6,000 Secretary (10working months x $1000) 5,000 5, Component Total 6,000 5,000 5, Sub-contracts 21. Sub-contract with professional 5,000 conference organizers 22. Sub-contract with a professional 5,000 internet homepage manager 29 Component Total 5,000 5, Duty Travel 31. Daily Subsistence Allowances National / international delegates from producer countries - DSA 30,000 (25 US $ 240 for 5 days) 32. International travel Plenary speakers from Australia, Brazil/ Costa Rica, Colombia, Indonesia, Japan, UNFCC and 38,000 3,000 others while resource persons from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and others 33. Domestic travel 10,000 4, Component Total 78,000 4,000 3, Consumable Items 51. Office Supplies/communication 3, Component Total 3, Miscellaneous 61. Sundry (Auditing..) 7, Publicity/Logistics 5,000 3,000 1, Plenary papers (10 pieces) 5, Editing of Proceedings 4,000 1, Publication of Proceedings 3,000 6,000 1, Component Total 21,000 7,000 6,000 2, ITTO Monitoring and Evaluation 3, ITTO Programme Support Cost (6.0%) 6, Component Total 9, Grand Total 122,960 7,000 15,000 15,000 13

15 Ill. OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 1. Management Structure The implementing agency, SNU, performs the proect activities through consultation of Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) and Northeast Asia Forest Forum (NEAFF). The implementing agency will coordinate all relevant agencies to accomplish the obectives of the proect. At the early stage of the proect implementation, an organizing committee, of which the members include each representative of KFRI and NEAFF, will be set up to ensure the smooth and successful implementation of an international conference with participation of representatives from the government sector and the various private sectors in Korea. The organization of conference programmes will be made through consultation of various research institutes, including the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR, Indonesia). 2. Monitoring. Reporting and Evaluation (a) A bi-annual progress report on the progress of work in line with work plan will be submitted to ITTO every 6 months after the proect start-up. A final proect completion report will be prepared and submitted to ITTO soon after completion and in any case within three months. (b) The proect will be subect to monitoring by representatives of ITTO any time during the proect tenure of 12 months. 3. Future Operation and Maintenance The implementing agency will disseminate the proect results to interested parties in ITTO member countries. After the international conference, information and new data on CDM forestry will be available posted through SNU Internet home page for general public. 14

16 1. Compliance with ITTA 1994 Obectives IV TROPICAL TIMBER FRAMEWORK The proect is consistent with the requirements of ITTA, 1994 obectives (a), (c), (f), and U) of Article 1: a) To provide an effective framework for consultation, international cooperation and policy development among all members with regard to all relevant aspects of the world timber economy; c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forest; and ) To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degraded forest land, with due regard for the interests of local communities dependant on forest resources. This proect concerns with promotion of industrial reforestation of degraded forest land under the Clean Development Mechanism through organization of an international forum. This proect will provide an effective forum for internal cooperation and policy development in CDM carbon forestry and thus contribute to the sustainable development of tropical timber producing countries. 2. Compliance with ITTO Yokohama Action Plan This proect is also in compliance with the following goals set in the field of Reforestation and Forest Management and Forest Industry in ITTO Yokohama Action Plan: Reforestation and Forest Management: Goal 1. Support activities to secure the tropical timber resources base Action 2. Assess the opportunities for, and promote development of, non-timber forest products and forest services, which can improve the economic attractiveness of maintaining the forest resources base. Forest Industry: Goal 1. Promote increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources Action 1. Promote private investment through facilitating information exchange on investment opportunities. This proect will particularly focus on the promotion of private investment under CDM through facilitating information on the opportunities for the forest industry sector in carbon forestry activities. 15

17 ANNEXES ANNEX A. Draft Programme of the Workshop JTTO ITTO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM - OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FOREST INDUSTRY SECTOR IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION October 2003 Seoul, Korea 7-9 October 2003 Venue: Seoul National University Target groups: Experts in CDM forestry Language: English 7 October [Tuesday] Registration of participants Opening - ITTO Representative - SNU Representative - CIFOR Representative CoffeelTea break Obectives and organization of the workshop Session 1. Overview Paper Presentation Development of CDM forestry in UNFCC - Speaker from UNFCC Lunch Current trends of forest research in CDM forestry - Speaker from CIFOR CoffeelT ea break Session 2. Current Carbon Markets; Economic and Investment Issues Presentation of case studies in Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica Cocktail 16

18 ITTO ITTO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM - OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FOREST INDUSTRY SECTOR IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION 7-10 October 2003 Seoul, Korea 8 October [Wednesday] Session 3. ITTO Proects in CDM forestry The findings and recommendations of the ITTO proect PD 54/99 Rev.2 (F) "Alternative Financing Model for Sustainable Forest Management in San Nicolas, Colombia" - The proect leader from Colombia :30 The findings of the ITTO PPD 47/02 (F) "Promotion of Clean Development Mechanism in the Framework of Sustainable Forest Management with Local Communities involvement (Indonesia)" - The proect leader from Indonesia Lunch Session 4. Country Paper Presentation Presentation of country paper from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and others in the Asia-Pacific region 9 October [Thursday] Session 5. Special Topics/Group Discussions Papers relating to the prospects on CDM forestry will be invited, if necessary or group discussions will be organized focused on (i) policy issues and (ii) technical issues in CDM forestry. 12: Lunch 17

19 ITTO ITTO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM - OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FOREST INDUSTRY SECTOR IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION 7-10 October 2003 Seoul, Korea 10 October [Friday] Special Session : : :00 Venue: to be decided later Target groups: general public Language: English and Korean Opening - Korea Forest Service/Korea Forest Research Institute representative - SNU Representative - ITTO Representative - Japan/Netherlands/Switzerland Embassy representatives, if possible Session 1. Overview of CDM forestry Key speech Development of CDM forestry in UNFCC Speaker from UNFCC Current trends of forest research in CDM forestry Speaker from CIFOR Panel members: Austria, Brazil, Indonesia, Korea and others Lunch Session 2. Carbon Markets and CDM forestry in Tropical Forests Key Speech/presentation Case studies of carbon markets and CDM forestry in tropical forests -Speakers from Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia Panel members: Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and others 18

20 Annex B Criteria and Terms of Reference for Organisers and Participants of the conference 1. Executing Agency Executing Agency- Seoul National University (SNU) and the host government will be responsible for ensuring the safety and entry conditions of the participants. 2. Proect leader The Proect Leader will be mainly responsible to implement the proect and initiate all actions necessary for holding a successful workshop. He will liaison with NEAFF and other international/national agencies, including CIFOR, for seeking necessary external support and in the formation of an organizing committee for the conference. 3. Proect Collaborator The Secretary General of NEAFF will provide all technical support for the proect implementation in particular, the organization of the conference and provide technical help in the publication of the proceedings. 4. Keynote, plenary speakers and moderators The moderators and the above speakers chosen/consulted must have wide international experience, competency and reputation in the concerned fields/subect areas for giving technical advice and decision-making. They will generally be the invited plenary speakers of the conference representing both producer and user countries. 5. Researchers as resource persons and participants Up to 25 delegates, maority from producer countries, will be assisted with travel support and DSA, wherever necessary, if they have sufficient expertise in the relevant focal areas of the conference and found suitable for substantial contributions to the success of the conference. 6. Professional conference organizers The professional conference organizers to be sub-contracted will assist the proect leader in organizing the workshop by carrying out tasks such as communications and logistics necessary including registration and implementation of the workshop and study tour. 7. Professional intenet homepage manager The professional internet homepage manager to be sub-contracted will assist the proect leader in designing and operating an internet homepage for the workshop. 19

21 Annex C PROFILE OF THE EXECUTING AGENCY PROFILE The Seoul National University (SNU), established under by the Government of Republic of Korea, is an autonomous institution to undertake higher education in Korea. It is known to produce quality graduates. The Seoul National University has achieved a great deal in its 50-year history. The University has earned this distinction by virtue of an overall high standard in teaching and research. The university is comprised of 16 colleges, 3 specialized graduate schools, 1 graduate school, 93 research institutes and other supporting facilities, which are distributed over 3 campuses. The Kwanak Campus, the main campus of the university, accommodates 2 graduate schools, 1 college, 28 research institutes, and other supporting facilities. SNU offers its students outstanding cultural and recreational benefits. It also offers them a wide variety of entertainment opportunities in the college town of Kwanak and in the city of Seoul. SNU has a student enrollment of approximately 32,000: 23,000 at undergraduate level and 9,000 at graduate level. It has a faculty of 1,563, so that the faculty to student ratio is 1 :20. SNU 228,000 alumni, as of SNU graduates play a leading role in every sector of Korean society. LOCATION Seoul, Republic of Korea 20