Crop/Activity assigned: Rosin (Oleoresin from Chirpine)

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NETWORK PROJECT ON HARVESTING, PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF NATURAL RESIN AND GUMS" CENTRE: Department of Forest Products, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP)

1 NETWORK PROJECT ON HARVESTING, PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF NATURAL RESIN AND GUMS" CENTRE: Department of Forest Products, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) Crop/Activity assigned: Rosin (Oleoresin from Chirpine) Principal Investigator Co- Principal Investigator : Dr Kulwant Rai Sharma : Dr Bhupender Dutt Research/Technical Man Power Name Designation From To Dr. Narender Thakur Research Associate Dr. Chander Lekha Research Associate Dr. Suresh Kumar Research Associate Contd.

2 OBJECTIVES To carry out survey for collection and documentation of information on present status of production, processing, marketing, utilization & characterization of gum arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, guggul and rosin. Identification of technological gaps in harvesting/tapping, post harvest processing and value addition of gum Arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, guggul and rosin. To develop agro-forestry models based on gum, resin and gum-resin trees. Salient achievements: Bore Hole Method a new method has been experimented and standardized. This method involves drilling holes into the wood to open the maximum number of resin ducts. The advantages of this technique over conventional methods include higher labour productivity, improved product quality and reduced tree stress. The tree diameter and number of boreholes has significant effect on oleoresin yield. Highest oleoresin yield has been obtained from 40-45cm and cm diameter class. High resin yielders have maximum number of vertical and horizontal resin ducts. The number of epithelial cells in vertical and horizontal resin ducts was found to be highest in high resin yielders as compare to medium and low resin yielders. Oleoresin yield was highly significantly and positively correlated with needle thickness, needle length, number of vertical resin ducts, diameter of vertical resin ducts, number of epithelium cells in a vertical resin duct, number of horizontal resin ducts, diameter of horizontal resin duct and number of epithelium cells in a horizontal resin duct. Experiment has been laid out on resin tapping potential of chir pine progenies of superior trees. Among 22 progenies of Pinus roxburghii selected for tapping, Kopra- P5 has performed best in oleoresin yield ( g/season). Higher oleoresin yielders have been recorded in progenies having dark green (136 A) needle colour, followed by green (137 B) needle colour. Progenies with yellowishgreen (145 A) needles have given lowest oleoresin yield. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients have been found to be significant for oleoresin vs needle length, oleoresin yield vs needle thickness, oleoresin yield vs number of stomata per mm of a row. In factor analysis technique, first factor (oleoresin yield, needle length, needle thickness, number of stomatal rows on round surface) had variance of 2.39 (39.78% of total variation), second factor (number of stomata per mm of a row) had variance of 1.17 (19.45% of total variation) and third factor (bark thickness) had variance of 1.01 (16.90% of total variation) which aggregated to per cent of total variation. Out of five characters (bark thickness, needle length, needle thickness, number of stomatal rows on round surface and number of stomata per mm of a row), three characters have been found to be significant in the multivariate analysis, thus oleoresin yield can be predicted on the basis of three characters i.e., needle length, needle thickness and number of stomata per mm of a row.

3 The maximum oleoresin yield of 2.667kg/tree in cm diameter class was recorded in research experiment laid out on multiple borehole method of oleoresin tapping in chir pine at Bhota and Minimum oleoresin yield of 1.063kg/tree was recorded in cm diameter class. The trees with yellow (13 B) colour oleoresin are found to be higher yielder, followed by trees with yellowish-white colour (10 B). Trees with white (155 A & B) colour oleoresin have been observed to be poor yielder. Highest turpentine content was recorded in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of May and lowest turpentine content was observed in white colour oleoresin in the month of September, whereas, the maximum rosin content was recorded in white colour oleoresin. The canopy parameters such as leaf area index, mean leaf angle varied significantly among different progenies. The tree diameter and number of boreholes has significant effect on oleoresin yield. Highest oleoresin yield has been obtained from 40-45cm and minimum from cm diameter class. The highest melting point of C was observed in rosin of white colour oleoresin in the month of June and lowest melting point of C was found in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of March Highest turpentine content was recorded in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of May and lowest turpentine content was observed in white colour oleoresin in the month of July, whereas, the maximum rosin content was recorded in white colour oleoresin. The highest viscosity (25330 cps) was observed in white colour oleoresin in the month of July and lowest viscosity (6000cps) was found in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of May. Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between oleoresin yield and temperature. The rainfall had negative and non-significant correlation with oleoresin yield. Events: i. Organized: Second Coordination Meeting of Network Project on Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums ii. Training: - Deputy Rangers from Forest Training Institute and RC, Sundernagar (HP) were trained for oleoresin tapping using Borehole Method on Dr Rajappa, Scientist, Dr Jimmy, RA and Sh. Arjun, TSM from ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Umiam (Barapani), Meghalaya were given training on Oleoresin Tapping Technology w.e.f to iii. Forthcoming: Sixth Coordination Meeting of Network Project on Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums fixed at Parbani, Maharastra (date yet to be decided)

4 g. PUBLICATIONS Research papers published: Sharma KR Stem oleoresin tapping potential of Pines in India. In: Ethnoforestry: The Future of Indian Forestry (Edt. by S.C. Tiwari). Published by Bishen Singh Mohendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. pp: Lekh C and Sharma KR Healing of boreholes in Pinus roxburghii Sargent (Chir pine). The Indian Forester. 136 (3): Lekha C and Sharma KR Effect of borehole freshening on oleoresin yield in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent). Ecology and Environment. 28(1): Lekha C and Sharma KR Anatomical studies on healed boreholes in Pinus roxburghii Sargent. The Indian Forester. 137(9): Sharma KR Murtem G. and Lekha C Effect of morphological and environmental parameters on oleoresin yield in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent). The Indian Forester (Sent). Sharma KR and Lekha C Rosin-Oleoresin from Indian Pines. Review article. IINRG Ranchi (Sent). Sharma KR, Dutt B and Lekha C Potential Gum and Resin Yielding Trees of Himachal Pradesh. (Book Chapter). Sharma KR, Dutt B and Lekha C Pharmaceutically Important Gum and Resin Yielding Herbs of India (Book Chapter). Sharma KR and Lekha C Pine Oleoresin tapping technologies in Himachal Pradesh. ENVIS Forestry Bulletin 11(1):74-78 Prasad N, Sharma KR, Gupta R and Thomas, M Mechanization of natural gums and resin tapping. Journal of Non Timber Forest Products. 19(4): Sharma KR and Lekha C Tapping of Pinus Roxburghii (Chir Pine) for Oleoresin in Himachal Pradesh, India. Advances in Forestry Letters. 2 (3): Sharma KR, Murtem G and Lekha C Effect of morphological and environmental parameters on oleoresin yield in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent). The Indian Forester. 139 (6): Sikarwar R, Rajawat BS and Sharma KR Studies on relationship between Stomatal density and oleoresin yield in Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) International Journal of Advanced Research 2 (3):

5 Research papers presented in Seminar/Symposium: Barthwal S, Rawat A, Ginwal HS, Khurana DK and Sharma KR 2011 Studies on molecular marker development for oleoresin production in Pinus roxburghii Sarg. 1st Indian Forest Congress Nov 2011, New Delhi (oral presentation) Sharma KR, Lead lecture on Chir ral ka utpadan, presanskaran evam sambardhan. Workshop on Prakirtik ral evam gond on at IINRG (ICVAR), Ranchi, Jharkhand. Extension folder: Sharma KR and Lekha C Borehole method for oleoresin tapping in chir pine. [Brochure bilingual], Department of Forest Products, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, (Solan) 4pp. Dhiman KR Borehole method of resin extraction. The Tribune, Chandigarh, India, Himachal Pradesh edition of 22 nd Feb, Sharma KR Ab chhalni nahin honge chir ke paudhen. Denik Bhasker newspaper of 20 th June (Appended) Sharma KR Borehole vidhi se nikala jayega biroja. Punjab kesri (Hamirpur Kesri). Newspaper of 20 th June (Appended) Sharma KR Chir aur gavar ral kisanon ke liye faydemand. Hindustan. Newspaper of 6 th March (Appended) Sharma KR Aadhunik tarike se braye utpadan. Denik jagran. Newspaper of 6 th March (Appended) Sharma KR Tapedik se bachane wale chir ki umr baregi. Denik jagran. Newspaper of 14 th July (Appended) Video films: Two (On Oleoresin tapping technologies both in Hindi and English) TV/Radio Telecast: 5

10 PHOTO GALLERY Borehole Method

12 Rosin

13 Turpentine Oleoresin colours :

14 French Cup & Lip Method Wind Broken Tree Weaken by French Cup & Lip Method Rill Method

15 Multiple Borehole Method Recording of Morphological data

16 2 nd Coordination Meeting held at Department of Forest Products, UHF, Nauni, Solan (17 th &18 th August 2010) Field Visit of Delegates of Coordination Meeting