Climate Proofing for Protected Area and Natural Resources Management

Transcription

1 Climate Proofing for Protected Area and Natural Resources Management Adaptation to Climate Change in Practice Alexander Fröde GTZ, Department Environment and Climate Change Laos, March Seite 1

2 Page 2 Structure of the presentation 1. Background - Climate change and ecosystems 2. GTZ Climate Proofing 3. Practical experiences in Protected Area & Natural Resources Management

3 1. Background Climate Change and ecosystems Page 3

4 Change in temperature and rainfall Page 4

5 Page 5 Impacts on ecosystems Source: Smith 2009

6 Page 6 Planning horizons Today's decisions shape the future

7 Page 7 Protected Areas Adaptation of CC and Mitigation to CC Mitigation Sequestration - Carbon capture and storage in living and dead vegetation in: Forests Grasslands Inland waters Marine systems Soil and humus Adaptation Disaster relief - through risk assessment and risk reduction using ecosystem services against Avalanche Hurricane Flooding Tidal surges Drought Supplying human needs such as: Clean water Wild food Building material, shelter Local medicines Agrobiodiversity Pharmaceuticals Genetic material Source: Dudley et al: Natural solutions- Protected Areas helping people cope with climate change, 2010

8 Page 8 Impacts of Climate Change on Protected Areas & Biodiversity Differens with climate change trend and geographical position General Species Habitats Fire Forestry Landslides Infrastructure NTFP Changes in environmental conditions, vegetation and species composition Loss of fauna and flora species due to ecological stress e.g. water stress, invasive species or risk of parasitic infestation Structural changes in key conservation areas => Changes in wildlife dynamics Higher frequency of wildfire due to drier conditions Changes in regeneration patterns and forest structures, often productivity reduced Increase in landslides due to heavy rains Roads and buildings, shelters, vamps sites threatened from heavy rains Wildlife, NTFP and timber resources more heavily used due to climate-related impact to populatiojn

9 Page 9 Many options - Ways of Protected Areas to adapt to CC Represent vegetation types and diverse gene pools across environmental gradients in reserves, create corridors Protect climatic refugia, avoid fragmentation and provide connectivity Provide buffer zones for the adjustment of reserve boundaries Maintain natural processes and successional regimes Conduct research to identify sensitive biomes and migration patterns Use of adaptive management Targeted strategies to reduce pressure on and allow migration of key species and functional groups Targeted measures for specific trends; e.g. fires, erosion control, control of invasive species Research into expected climate impacts; e.g. biodiversity impacts, migration pattern Climate Proofing to identify priorities for action and adapt mgmt plans

10 2. GTZ Climate Check Page 10

11 Page 11 Climate Proofing What is it? Analysis of politics, programmes, strategies and measures with regard to actual or future climaterelated challenges and chances and, if relevant, identification of possible modifications

12 Page 12 GTZ Climate Proofing for Development Methodology originally developed and tested for GTZ programmes and programmes A flexible approach which can be adapted to different circumstances and on four levels: national, sectoral, project, and local Modification for specific contexts necessary : Political mandate and will Existing institutions, processes and experiences Stakeholders to be involved Cost benefit analysis Time and funding resources

13 Page 13 Context: GTZ s Climate Check Toolbox Climate Check for GTZ Projects/ Programmes Climate proofing for GTZ Projects/Programmes Systematic analysis of climate related risks that could affect a GTZ programme Identification and prioritisation of measures of adaptation Emission saving for GTZ Projects/Programmes Analysis of GHG emissions that could be reduced by a GTZ programme Identification of reduction opinions Methods for advisory services GTZ Climate proofing for Development Systematic analysis of climate related risks that could affect politics, projects or strategies Identification and prioritisation of measures of adaptation

14 Page 14 Levels for Climate Proofing National Level Visions, Policies, Plans, PRSPs, Budgets Sectoral Level National Protected Area Policies, National Biodiversity Strategy Projects Supported to Co-Management and Management of Protected Areas Local Level Local government and community action, plans

15 Page 15 Overview of the Methodology Step 1: Screening low Step 2: Detailed climate analysis Step 3: Development and prioritisation of adaptation options Step 4: Integration in project design

16 Page 16 Detailed Risk Analysis Climate Trend: Increase in annual temperature Increase in length of dry season Exposure Unit Bio-physical impacts Socio- economic impacts Relevance to the project Ecosystems More severe and more frequent forest fires Destruction of commercially used wood Loss of NTFP resources High ++ Objective: sustainable forest management in the project area Low adaptive capacity, weak institutions, low income

17 3. Practical experiences in Protected Area and Natural Resources Management Page 17

18 Morocco Page 18

19 Page 19

20 Page 20 Morocco - Climate Situation Precipitation Decreasing precipitation Increase in frequency and intensity of droughts in the S and E Temperature Other aspects Increase in storms and heavy rains in the Atlas Mountains Sea-level rise by 1 m (2100) 0,6 C 1,5 C increase in average annual temperature until 2100 More rapid increase in temperature on the Mediterranean side and in the North possible (3 C 4 C) Recession of snow cover

21 Page 21 Morocco: Project Background PRONA-LCD Protected Area Management and Nature Conservation: Support to 4 pilot national parks, formulation of legal frameworks, support in decentralization measures) Desertification Control: Interventions in pilot regions, National Action Plan, policyformulation Objectives of the Climate Proofing: Outcomes and activities of the programme in the field of protected areas and natural resources management take actual and future climatic changes into account Formulation of concrete recommendations for follow-up phase in a participatory process

22 Page 22 Exposure Units identified Exposure Unit Subregions Resources Activities Groups Pertinent Exposure Units Souss-Massa Region (4 provinces), coastal region, watersheds, National Parc Toubkal, National Tazekka Park, Plaine of Souss, Arganeraie Mussels, apiculture, water resources, humid grass, faun and flora, aromatic and medical plants, soil degradation, Northern Bald Ibis, Barbary Sheep, Economy, ecotourism Rural population

23 Page 23 Impacts of climate change on selected Exposure Units Climate Change Impacts and Risks Degeneration of species Parasitic infestation Reduction in the production of Argan Oil Reduction of biomass of aromatic and medical plants Composition change Loss of species sensitive to increasing temperature Aeolian and aquatic erosion Salinization Loss of nutrient elements Loss of biodiversity Water shortage Change of opportunities for ecotourism Exposure Unit Arganeraie Aromatic and medical plants Soil degradation Ecotourism

24 Page 24 Climate Proofing Morocco Formulating a Package of Measures Further Action in a pilot national park:» Basic studies (vulnerability and course of action)» Planning and implementation of concrete measures, soil protection, protection of endangered species, ensuring income generating measures» Evaluation, documentation and feed-in Capacity building measures related to processing climate data and climate change considerations in nature conservation of HCEFLCD Support the participation of partner institutions during the process of formulating a national adaptation strategy and supporting a sectoral adaptation strategy for biodiversity and natural resources management

25 Page 25 Central African Republic

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27 Seite 27 Project Context Bayanga Objectives: Assistance and Support to the sustainable management of the Protected Area Dzanga-Sangha Conservation of globally threatened biodiversity Promotion of ecotourism Partner: Ministry of Water, Forests, Hunting, Fishery and Environment Additional Financing: Trustfund (Public-private Partnership with German enterprise and WWF)

28 Seite 28 Most important impacts identified Change in ecological conditions: Pressure on elephants, gorillas and other key species Increase in wild fires Risk of invasive species and pests Highly increased risk of erosion due to heavy rains Park infrastructure at risk due to extreme events Food insecurity in sourrounding areas leads to pressure on National Park Prospects of tourism and trophy-hunting at risk not clear Sustainability of financing of the park not guarnateed Integrate in management plan necessary

29 Seite 29 Recommendations Monitoring of endangered species and specific invasive species Development of a corridor concept Capacity Development of Protected Areas Authority to deal with (Climate) Change, (e.g. selection of no-regret / low-cost measures) Protection of park infrastructure Fire management and agricultural extension in buffer zones Further engagement for clarification of climatic trends Integration of recommendations into management plan

30 Mali Page 30

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32 Page 32 Climate Proofing in Sustainable Land Management Projects Objective: Projects and programmes in Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in Mali are adapted to Climate Change. Steps Use of adapted methodology in 2 pilot projects Collection of lessons learned and development of a manual with material Incorporation in institutional framework Trainings Follow-up on results by SLM board

33 Page 33 Project TKLM Kayes Objectives The population of TKLM basin uses its agro-sylvo-pastoral potentials sustainably and equitably. Contribute to the preservation and valorisation of natural resources to stop the increasing desertification. Improve food security by promoting agro-sylvo-pastoral activities. Key actions Key actions Protection of the agro-sylvo-pastoral potentials by the construction of hydro-agricultural systems, Protection reforestation of the and agro-sylvo-pastoral wells. Strengthening of governance capacities of local stakeholders. potentials by the construction of hydroagricultural Improvement oft the administration and valorisation of the constructions. Diffusion systems, of achievements reforestation and capitalisation and wells. Improvement oft the administration and valorisation of the constructions. Strengthening of governance capacities of local stakeholders. Diffusion of achievements and capitalisation

34 Page 34 Project TKLM Kayes: Adaptation Options Identified Diversification of agriculture (e.g. inter-cropping, adapted varieties) Promotion of efficient water use, rainwater harvesting, increase of (rain)water storage capacities Erosion control, promotion of soil cover Preparation for diseases and pests in agriculture / livestock Vulnerability analysis for livestock systems Protection of infrastructure (e.g. roads etc against heavy rains) Fire control

35 Thank you very much for your attention! Page 35