WESTERN CORDILLERA. Physical Features Mountainous region, tectonically active.

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1 REGIONS OF CANADA

2 WESTERN CORDILLERA Physical Features Mountainous region, tectonically active. Coast, Cascades, Rockies Climate Highly variable, depends on elevation. Coastal areas are temperate, w/ high amounts of precipitation. (maritime polar air mass)

3 Valleys (ex. Okanagan) are dryer and hot. High elevations cold. Vegetation Temperate rain forests in coastal areas. Coastal areas feature gigantic Douglas Fir and Redwood trees. Mountainous areas are mostly coniferous.

4 Population, Natural Resources, Economy Major cities include Vancouver, Victoria, Kelowna. Densely populated in valleys and coast. Fishing, mining, and lumber industries are significant. Also a major port area to the Pacific Ocean. Fruit in Okanagan.

5 Okanagan Valley & Osoyoos

6 INTERIOR PLAINS Physical Features Flat prairie grasslands have been replaced by large scale agriculture. Flattest in the east, rolling hills to foothills in west. Climate Continental climate (extremes). Arid in west (rain shadow), increasing precipitation to the east.

7 Vegetation Grasslands most trees planted by farmers. Some trees along river corridors. Some forests featuring Scrub Oak (stunted trees). Population, Natural Resources, Economy Low population density across the region, except in major cities of Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg. Agriculture of all kinds are central to the economy (grains.beef in Alberta) However, mining of fossil fuels has become huge, especially in Alberta. Potash is central to Saskatchewan.

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9 Alberta Badlands Cypress Hills

10 THE RAIN SHADOW EFFECT Moist air masses from the Pacific are forced to rise over the mountains the air molecules contract. This forces water vapour to the dew point and leads to lots of rain on the coast. As the air descends down the Rockies it tends to be dry leading to arid conditions east of mountains.

11 CANADIAN SHIELD Physical Features Rocky terrain (roots of ancient mountains). Many lakes and rivers. Thin layer of soil. Climate Continental climate warm summers, cold winters.

12 Vegetation Most of the area covered by large boreal forests. Thin soil makes agriculture impossible. Population, Natural Resources, Economy Sparsely populated, low density. Mining is important (ex. nickel in Thompson and Sudbury. Tourism is also important (cottage country).

13 THE NORTH Physical Features Lowlands around the Bay otherwise like the Shield. Mountainous in Yukon. Climate Arctic climate. Long cold winters, short warm summers. Low precipitation. Much of the area has soil under permafrost. Most hours of sunlight in Canada.

14 Vegetation Much of the region is above the tree line. Muskeg and tundra dominate in the summers. Population, Natural Resources, Economy Very small population. Mining is important (diamonds) (oil?) Outside of territorial capitals most of the population is Inuit.

15 GREAT LAKES/ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS Physical Features Flat to rolling terrain. In modern times, it is highly developed agriculturally with many urban areas. Climate Temperate climate warm summers, mild winters. Lakes help to moderate temperatures, also leads to high precipitation. Canada s tornado alley.

16 Vegetation Deciduous forests primarily but most of the region is developed. Population, Natural Resources, Economy Highest population density largest urban centers in this region (Toronto, Montreal). Agriculture is important. Fruit comes from this region (apples especially). Most manufacturing takes place here. Headquarters of large companies located here known as central Canada.

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18 ATLANTIC / APPALACHIANS Physical Features Appalachian mountains in west highlands towards the coast (large cliffs). Climate Maritime climate (warm summers, mild winters) Moderate precipitation. Only part of Canada subject to hurricanes (weak)

19 Vegetation Mixed forest high degree of agricultural development in PEI, NS, NB. Red soils good for farming (high in iron).

20 Population, Natural Resources, Economy Moderate population density. Farming is important (potatoes, fruits) Fishing is central to many areas, especially the cod and lobster fisheries.

2/24/2009. The factors that determine what type of forest will grow in a region are temperature precipitation growing season soil land forms

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