Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest

Transcription

1 Editors Brian J. Stocks Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest With 95 illustrations, 22 in color Springer

2 Contents Preface Contributors v xi 1. Introduction 1 and Brian J. Stocks Section I. Information Requirements and Fire Management and Policy Issues 7 Brian J. Stocks and 2. Boreal Ecosystems in the Global Carbon Cycle Boreal Forest Fire Emissions and the Chemistry of the Atmosphere 31 Joel S. Levine and Wesley R. Cofer III 4. Eurasian Perspective of Fire: Dimension, Management, Policies, and Scientific Requirements 49 Johann G. Goldammer and Brian J. Stocks 5. Fire Management in the Boreal Forests of Canada 66 Paul C. Ward and William Mawdsley vii

3 viii Contents 6. Effects of Climate Change on Management and Policy: Mitigation Options in the North American Boreal Forest 85 Perry Grissom, Martin E. Alexander, Brad Cella, Frank Cole, J.. Thomas Kurth, Norman P. Malotte, David L. Martell, William Mawdsley, James Roessler, Robert Quillin, and Paul C. Ward Section II. Processes Influencing Carbon Cycling in the North American Boreal Forest Distribution of Forest Ecosystems and the Role of Fife in the North American Boreal Region 111 Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Martin E. Alexander, Brian J. Stocks, and 8. Extent, Distribution, and Ecological Role of Fire in Russian Forests 132 Anatoly Z. Shvidenko and Sten Nilsson 9. Long-Term Perspectives on Fire-Climate-Vegetation Relationships in the North American Boreal Forest 151 Ian D. Campbell and Michael D. Flannigan 10. Controls on Patterns of Biomass Burning in Alaskan Boreal Forests 173, Katherine P. O'Neill, Nancy H.F. French, and Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez 11. Postfire Stimulation of Microbial Decomposition in Black Spruce (Picea mariana L.) Forest Soils: A Hypothesis 197 Daniel D. Richter, Katherine P. O'Neill, and 12. Influence of Fire on Long-Term Patterns of Forest Succession in Alaskan Boreal Forests 214, Nancy H.F. French, Katherine P. O'Neill, Daniel D. Richter, Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and Peter A. Harrell Section III. Spatial Data Sets for the Analysis of Carbon Dynamics in Boreal Forests 237 and Brian J. Stocks 13. Carbon Storage in the Asian Boreal Forests of Russia 239 Vladislav A. Alexeyev, Richard A. Birdsey, Victor D. Stakanov, and Ivan A. Korotkov

4 Contents ix 14. Characteristics of Forest Ecozones in the North American Boreal Region 258 Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez,, James P. Mudd, and Nancy H.F. French 15. Historical Fire Records in the North American Boreal Forest 274 Peter J. Murphy, James P. Mudd, Brian J. Stocks,, Donald Barry, Martin E. Alexander, and Nancy H.F. French 16. Fire and the Carbon Budget of Russian Forests 289 Anatoly Z. Shvidenko and Sten Nilsson 17. Using Visible and Near-Infrared Satellite Imagery to Monitor Boreal Forests 312 Frank J. Ahern, Helmut Epp, Donald R. Cahoon, Jr., Nancy H.F. French,, and Jeffery L. Michalek 18. Monitoring Boreal Forests by Using Imaging Radars 331, Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, Nancy H.F. French, and Peter A. Harrell Section IV. Modeling of Fire and Ecosystem Processes and the Effects of Climate Change on Carbon Cycling in Boreal Forests 347 and Brian J. Stocks 19. Modeling of Fire Occurrence in the Boreal Forest Region of Canada 357 Kerry Anderson, David L. Martell, Michael D. Flannigan, and Dongmei Wang 20. Climate Change and Forest Fire Activity in North American Boreal Forests 368 Brian J. Stocks, Michael A. Fosberg, Michael B. Wotton, Timothy J. Lynham, and Kevin C. Ryan 21. Carbon Release from Fires in the North American Boreal Forest 377 Nancy H.F. French,, Brian J. Stocks, James P. Mudd, David L. Martell, and Bryan S. Lee 22. Ecological Models of the Dynamics of Boreal Landscapes 389 Herman H. Shugart, Donald F. Clark, and Amber J. Hill 23. Using Satellite Data to Monitor Fire-Related Processes in Boreal Forests 406, Nancy H.F. French, Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez, and Jeffery L. Michalek

5 x Contents 24. Influences of Fire and Climate Change on Patterns of Carbon Emissions in Boreal Peatlands 423 Leslie A. Morrissey, Gerald P. Livingston, and Steven C. Zoltai 25. Effects of Climate Change and Fire on Carbon Storage in - North American Boreal Forests 440 Index 453