Ethiopia s REDD+ Program (The Role of Forestry in achieving CRGE goal)

Transcription

1 Ethiopia s REDD+ Program (The Role of Forestry in achieving CRGE goal) REDD+ Lecture Series National REDD+ Secretariat Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Addis Ababa Science & Technology University College of Applied Sciences (March 23/2017) Addis Ababa Visit us:

2 Contents Global Climate Change: Evidence & Concern Global Response to CC Impacts: Adaptation/Mitigation The role of forests in Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation The Ethiopian case: CC impacts & Measures Ethiopia s REDD+ Program: Goals, engagements/achievements Role of Academia Global Climate Change (Movie) Visit us:

3 Climate Change: What does it mean? A change of climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere - UNFCCC Significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature and/or precipitation) lasting for an extended period of time (typically decades).

4 The Inconvenient Truth Model predictions (including only natural drivers) Observed temperatures Model predictions (including natural and human drivers)

5 The Culprit: Human Activity Green House Gasses (GHGs) CO2; CH4; N2O Developed Countries: Green House Gas (GHG) Emissions mainly from Industry, transport (coal & fossil fuel use) Developing Countries: GHG source is Land use change and agriculture (agricultural activities & forest clearance) Visit us:

6 What is causing climate change? The natural greenhouse effect Solar energy from the sun passes through the atmosphere Some energy is reflected back into space Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) trap some of the heat, warming the earth GHGs Earth s surface is heated by the sun and radiates out heat back towards space

7 What is causing climate change? Less infrared radiation (heat) escapes to space The enhanced greenhouse effect Higher levels of GHGs trap more heat in atmosphere, leading to temperature increases GHG GHGs s GHG GHG

8 The Ethiopian case Visit us:

9 The Ethiopian Case: Impacts of changing Climate Flood, frost Recurrent Drought Increased temperature Rainfall Variability Disease outbreak Crop failure; Livestock death Visit us:

10 The Ethiopian Case: Impacts of changing Climate * Since the 1960s, an average rise of 1 C * A 25% - 50% rainfall variability * A 20% reduction in rainfall in the The economic impact : droughts alone can reduce total GDP by 1% to 4%. south central region of the country Visit us:

11 The Global Response to Climate Change Premise: The climate system is a shared resource; climate change is a global problem and requires a global solution UNFCCC: A global framework/treaty that aims to mitigate climate change and its impacts by reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reducing vulnerability and risks through adaptations. Visit us:

12 Mitigation Measures Visit us:

13 The role of Forests in reducing impacts of Climate Change Forests Store and Emit Carbon Deforestation & degradation of forests emit 5.87 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent Forests & other terrestrial systems - absorb 9.53 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent Visit us:

14 Extent of forests globally 30% of earth s land surface is forest (4 billion hectares) Forest area by biome Area forest cover Tropical 16~17 M km2 Temperate 9~10 M km2 Boreal 15~16 M km2 Visit us:

15 Forest carbon globally 45% of terrestrial carbon is stored in earth s forests Carbon stock by biome % terrestrial C Tropical ~25% Temperate ~10% Boreal ~5% Forests absorb 2.6 gigatons C (9.5 gt CO2) per year Emissions from tropical deforestation 1.5 gigatons (5.87 gigatons CO2) C per year Visit us:

16 How can the forest sector mitigate climate change? Increasing carbon stocks Creating plantations Carbon Stock Project Benefit Developing agroforestry Avoiding losses of carbon stocks Reducing deforestation Carbon Stock Baseline Years With conservation Benefit Reducing emissions caused by biomass energy usage Baseline (Deforestation) Years

17 REDD+: What it means? Visit: REDD+: R = Reducing Emissions from D = Deforestation; D = Forest Degradation + = Conservation of forests; Sustainable management of forests and Enhancing forest carbon stocks

18 Eligible Activities of REDD+

19 What is REDD+? REDD+ is Climate Change Mitigation scheme for addressing emissions from forest sector in developing countries A policy framework with the goal of creating an economic value for the carbon in standing forests in developing countries An incentive mechanism (financial, technological and knowledge) that motivates actors that address the drivers of deforestation and to undertake restoration/reforestation

20 Evolution of REDD+ Visit: RED REDD REDD+ (Montreal, 2005) (Bali, 2007) (Copenhagen, 2009) Milestone decisions on REDD+ in the UNFCCC Bali Action Plan (2007) Copenhagen Accord (2009) Cancun Agreements (2010) Warsaw Framework (2013) Paris Agreement (2015) Warsaw Framework Addressing the drivers of DD Work programme on results-based finance Modalities for NFMS & MRV The timing and the frequency SIS Guidelines & procedures for technical assessment of FREL/FRL Cancun Agreement (Beyond Carbon - community & Environment) The 7 REDD+ Safeguards Policy framework for REDD+

21 Why REDD+ is attractive? Significant 1/5 th of global GHG emissions come from DD Cheap much of the DD is only marginally profitable Quick - large reductions in emissions can be realized through a stroke of the pen reforms and not dependent on technological innovations Win-Win - potentially large financial transfers and better governance can benefit the poor in developing countries and provide other co-benefits too. Visit:

22 The Core Idea of REDD+

23 The Core Idea of REDD+ Visit:

24 National REDD+ program Visit: Phased Approach: Due to differences in capacity (e.g. data availability) among REDD+ participant countries, national REDD+ programs in any country can start at different phases. There are 3 phases of a national REDD+ program Readiness REDD+ Strategy NFMS and Forest Reference Level MRV system; Safeguard Instruments Resultbased Actions Resultsbased Payment Implementation; demonstration activities Legal, policy and measures (PAM) Emissions reduction Payment for verified Emissions Reduction

25 Ethiopia s Response to Climate Change Impacts Ethiopia s Sustainable Development Direction Growth & Transformation Plan (GTP) Transformative economic growth to achieve middle income status Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Strategy Ensuring Green development (zero net emissions) Path across economic sectors (Mitigation) Climate Resilience Strategy (CRS) Ensuring that Ethiopia s economy is resilient climate risks and hazards (Adaptation) to

26 The CRGE Strategy The CRGE aims to meet its development ambitions through keeping emissions constant for 20 years Emissions per year; Mt CO 2 e Agriculture Power Industry Forestry Transport Buildings % Emissions per capita (t CO 2 e/capita) /29/ BAU 3.0 Agriculture Forestry 10 Transport 20 Industry Green Economy initiatives Additional abatement potential of ~19 Mt CO 2 e Visit from us: exporting green power to regional markets 5 Buildings 145 Green Economy

27 Forestry in Sustainable Development Forest Soil Water SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

28 Forestry in the the CRGE Strategy Visit us:

29 National REDD+ Secretariat Who we are? National REDD+ Secretariat, MEFCC A team of experts Technical Staff National Coordinator; National REDD+ Pilots Coordinator; Safeguard Specialists Administrative Staff Procurement Specialist; Financial Specialist; M & E Specialist; IT Specialist; Administrative assistant Our Mission: Making Ethiopia ready to access the global REDD+ financing Visit us:

30 Our Engagement: REDD+ Readiness Elements National Forest reference Level Capacity Building/Awareness Creation National REDD+ Strategy National Forest Monitoring System/ MRV REDD+ Safeguard Instruments

31 REDD+ Management Structure Ministry of Environment, Forest, CC State Minister Environment and CC Sector State Minister, Forest sector Federal REDD+ Technical Working Groups REDD+ Secretariat Federal REDD+ Steering Committee Three Task Forces REDD+ MRV, Strategy & SESA/ESMF Regional REDD+ TWG Visit us: Regional REDD+ Coordination Units Regional REDD+ SC

32 Regional REDD+ programs Visit:

33 Consultation & Participation Stakeholder Consultations and Participation Stakeholder C, P and Coordination Awareness Creation Forestry Capacity building C & P Plan A communication strategy Engagement of women and youth Multi-level, multi-sector coordination of key actors Livestock Energy Agriculture Visit:

34 Drivers of Deforestation & Forest Degradation Direct causes of Deforestation & Forest Degradation

35 Drivers of Deforestation & Forest Degradation Underlying Causes of Deforestation & Forest Degradation Absence of land use policy/plan Poorly defined BSM Weak law enforcement Weak Forest governance (forest tenure/institutions) Poor coordination/ harmonization of policies Demographic pressures

36 Forest Reference Level National Forest Reference Level A Annual carbon emissions (MtCO 2 e, A) and removal (MtCO 2 e, B) by forest types (biomes) in Ethiopia between C emissions: 17.9 MtCO2/year C removal: 4.8MtCO2/year B Visit:

37 National Forest Inventory Extent of the forest cover under the current Ethiopia s forest definition Visit us:

38 REDD+ Strategy National REDD+ Strategy Strategic Options A/R Sustainable/ Renewable Energy PFM/PRM Targeted Interventions CSA/CS Livestock Mgt Forestbased Livelihoods Biodiversity Conservation Improved forest governance & Law enforceme nt Harmonized policies / legislations & Strengthening Institutions Strong Stakeholder Engagement & partnership Enabling Environment Land use planning Clear Benefit sharing mechanisms Targeted Interventions Enabling Environment

39 REDD+ MRV REDD+ MRV Visit:

40 Role of Academia Awareness creation: (e.g. Environmental/Nature clubs, Tree planting etc Integrating CC & REDD+ in Curricula: REDD+ Syllabus (WGCF-NR, Haramaya) Full-fledged curriculum (WGCF-NR, Mekelle, Wello & Other universities) Research Gaps: Develop new allometric equations; GIS/RS approaches; Forest structure and Biomass estimation Technical support: AAU and WGCF-NR (National REDD+ Program) Other Universities (Regional REDD+ program) Visit us:

41 raising. Take home message Climate Change is real & its impacts are diverse. Curbing the impacts of CC requires a global effort. Forests are major terrestrial carbon stores. REDD+ is a global mitigation mechanism to incentivize developing countries for improved forest management and emissions reduction. Ethiopia s forest sector is key in achieving sustainable development. Ethiopia s REDD+ program aims at reducing carbon emission from the forest sector and significantly contributes to the green economy goal. The success of REDD+ program depends on effective coordination among sectors (agriculture, energy, livestock, forestry ). Academia have a key role in advancing CC/REDD+ knowledge and awareness

42 MANY THANKS!!! Visit

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44 Adaptation Measures Vulnerability & Exposure Reduction Human Development, Poverty Alleviation & Livelihood Security Disaster Risk Management Adaptation Structural/Physical Institutional Ecosystem Management Spatial or Land use Planning Social