Forest Management. U.S. National Forests

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Forest Management. U.S. National Forests"

Transcription

1 Forest Management Guiding Question: What steps toward sustainable forestry have been taken in the last 100 years? LESSON 3 Explain how logging is managed in U.S. national forests. Describe where most logging in the United States takes place. Discuss the potential effects of fire suppression on an ecosystem and on future fires. Explain how consumer demand is important to sustainable forestry. Explain how logging is managed in U.S. national parks. Reading Strategy Before reading the lesson, create a three-column KWL chart. In the first column, write what you know about forest management. In the second column, write what you want to know. After reading the lesson, write what you learned in the third column. Vocabulary multiple use, monoculture, prescribed burn, salvage logging, sustainable forestry certification On average, each person in the United States uses about 6200 cubic centimeters of wood each day. It s as if each of us cuts down a tree 15 meters (50 feet) tall every year! Where does all that wood come from? Most of it comes from land owned by logging companies, but some comes from our national forests. U.S. National Forests Logging in national forests is managed by the Forest Service, but profits go to timber companies. By the early 1900s, the eastern deciduous forests that fueled our nation s growth had all but disappeared. The deforestation caused fear of a timber famine. This fear led to the formation of our national forest system, which is made up of public lands set aside to grow trees for timber and to protect watersheds. Today, the U.S. national forest system consists of 78 million hectares (193 million acres). The national forests in the continental 48 states are shown in Figure 12. U.S. national forests are managed by the Forest Service LESSON PLAN PREVIEW Differentiated Instruction Students create a main idea and details chart as they read about U.S. national forests. Real World Students prepare a statement that explains tree plantations to their communities. Inquiry Students research to learn more about FSC-certified products RESOURCES In Your Neighborhood Activity, Your National Forests Bellringer Video, Angeles Ashes L.A. Wildfire Contained Lesson 11.3 Worksheets Lesson 11.3 Assessment Chapter 11 Overview Presentation FOCUS Watch the ABC News video Angeles Ashes L.A. Wildfire Contained. Use the video to launch a discussion of the positive and negative effects of forest fires. Source: Courtesy of the U.S. Forest Service Figure 12 U.S. National Forests The national forest system (green areas) was established in Forestry and Resource Management 337

2 National Forest Logging You may be surprised to learn that, in the United States, timber is harvested not by the government, but by private timber companies. Forest Service employees plan and manage timber sales and build roads to provide access for logging companies. But the logging companies receive the profits from the sale of the timber. Critics of the Forest Service have protested the fact that taxpayers money is being used to help private corporations harvest publicly held resources for profit. In recent decades, increased awareness of this issue has prompted many U.S. citizens to protest the way their public forests are managed. These citizens have urged that national and state forests be managed for recreation, wildlife, and ecosystem health, rather than mostly for timber. They are afraid that public forests have essentially become cropland for timber companies. Figure 13 National Forest Management Act There are many specific guidelines for the plans required by the 1976 National Forest Management Act (NFMA). National Forest Management Act In theory, the Forest Service has long recognized interests other than timber production. For the past 50 years or so, national forest management has been guided by the policy of multiple use, meaning that the forests were to be managed for recreation, wildlife habitat, mining, and other uses, in addition to timber. In practice, however, timber production has often been the primary use. In 1976, the U.S. Congress passed the National Forest Management Act (NFMA), which required that plans for renewable resource management be drawn up for every national forest. The plans were required to be consistent with the concepts of multiple use and maximum sustainable yield. You can see some of the law s specific guidelines in Figure 13. Under the NFMA, resource management plans have to: consider both economic and environmental factors provide for diversity of plant and animal communities and preserve the diversity of tree species ensure research and monitoring of management approaches allow increases in harvest levels only if sustainable ensure that timber will be harvested only where soils and wetlands will not be irreversibly damaged, land will be replanted quickly, and harvest methods will not be determined solely on the basis of financial return ensure that logging will occur only where possible impacts have been assessed; cuts will depend on the shape of the land; maximum size limits of cut trees will be established; and cuts will be carried out in a manner consistent with the protection of soil, watershed, fish, wildlife, recreation, and aesthetic resources. 338 Lesson 3

3 Success Stories In the years following passage of the National Forest Management Act, the Forest Service developed new programs to manage wildlife, nongame animals, and endangered species. It pushed for ecosystem-based management and ran programs for ecological restoration, helping plant and animal communities to recover. Logging methods were brought more in line with the Forest Service s ecosystem-based management goals. In 2006, the most recent year for which complete data are available, timber companies harvested 10.7 million cubic meters (378 million cubic feet) of live timber from national forests. Although this is a large amount, it is considerably less than the amount cut from other public forests or private lands. Logging has declined in national forests since the 1980s. In 2006, tree regrowth outpaced tree removal on these lands by more than 11 to 1. Challenges In the early 2000s, the trend shifted. In 2004, the Bush administration passed regulations that weakened the requirements of the National Forest Management Act. In 2005, the administration also repealed a rule the so-called roadless rule that limited the building of new roads in national forests. The overall effect of these changes was an increase in logging in national forests. The trend may be shifting back, however. In 2009, the Obama administration reinstated the roadless rule. As of 2010, however, many conflicting court cases pertaining to changes in the NFMA were still being sorted out. Those court decisions will clarify the powers of the NFMA. Reading Checkpoint What is the effect of the roadless rule? Reading Checkpoint It limits the building of new roads in national forests. Figure 14 U.S. National Forests Gunnison National Forest in Colorado has benefited directly from the NFMA. Forestry and Resource Management 339

4 Private Land Most logging in the United States today takes place on tree plantations owned by timber companies. Reading Checkpoint A tree plantation often has little variation in tree species or age. It therefore offers less habitat variety than a similar-sized forest, so its biodiversity is lower. Figure 15 Kirtland s Warbler Kirtland s warbler is North America s most critically endangered songbird. It only nests in young jack pines, and strict control of natural forest fires greatly reduced its habitat, pushing it toward extinction in the 1980s. Only 167 singing males were found in the United States in Most logging in the United States today takes place on private land, often on land owned by timber companies. Most of this harvesting is from plantations of fast-growing tree species in the Northwest and South. These plantations are typically monocultures, or large-scale plantings of a single crop. Also, all the trees in a given stand are planted at the same time, so the stands are even-aged. Stands are cut after a certain number of years, called the rotation time, and then the land is replanted with seedlings. Because there is little variation in tree species or tree age, plantations do not offer as much habitat variety as most forests. As a result, their biodiversity is lower. Most ecologists and foresters view tree plantations as croplands rather than as functioning forestland. However, some plantations are harvested in ways that maintain uneven-aged stands, which are more similar to a natural forest. And the use of tree plantations for timber protects additional natural forests from being cut. Reading Checkpoint Why is there less biodiversity in a tree plantation than in a similar-sized forest? Fire Policies Suppression of all wildfires can endanger ecosystems, property, and people. Ironically, some recent ecosystem management efforts contradict the advice of the Forest Service s lovable spokesbear, Smokey. Smokey s reminder that only you can prevent forest fires has done some good; it has probably reduced the number of forest fires caused by people. Unfortunately, the Forest Service also took Smokey s message to heart. For more than a hundred years, it suppressed all fires, both natural and human-caused. Such suppression may have harmed some forests. Ecosystem Effects Current scientific research shows that many ecosystems depend on fire and that diversity and abundance of species decline without it. For example, certain plants have seeds that germinate only after a fire. The jack pine is one of those plants. The Kirtland s warbler, shown in Figure 15, is a songbird that nests only in large stands of young jack pines. When there are fewer fires, there are fewer young jack pines. Currently there are adequate numbers of young jack pines only in small parts of the warbler s former breeding range of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ontario. The warbler nests primarily in one tiny area in Michigan. Thanks to an intensive recovery plan, Kirtland s warbler populations are now recovering. It is still North America s most critically endangered songbird, however. As you can see, fires can benefit some organisms. 340 Lesson 3

5 Future Fire Potential In the long term, suppression of small, natural fires can lead to larger, more dangerous fires ones that permanently damage forests, destroy human property, and threaten human lives. Suppression of small fires allows limbs, sticks, and leaf litter to build up on the forest floor, basically providing kindling for a catastrophic fire. Such fuel buildup helped cause the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park, the 2009 fires in southern California, and thousands of other wildfires. Fire suppression and fuel buildup have made catastrophic fires significantly greater problems than they were in the past. To reduce fuel buildup and improve forest health, the Forest Service and other land management agencies have recently been burning areas of forest under carefully controlled conditions. These prescribed burns, or controlled burns, have helped restore ecosystems that depend on fire. Prescribed burns also have helped Kirtland s warbler (Figure 16) and other fire-dependent species of plants and animals recover from nearextinction. Rarely, a prescribed burn gets out of control, as happened in 2000 when homes and government labs were destroyed at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Such rare accidents have led to public misunderstanding and interference from uninformed politicians, which have limited the use of prescribed burns. This actually increases the risk of injury, property damage, and ecosystem loss from wildfires. What Do you think? Wildfire suppression has left some large forests in danger of catastrophic wildfires. Government agencies will probably never be able to carry out prescribed burns on all this land. Suggest some ways to help protect people s homes near these forests and to decrease the likelihood of major fires. What Do You Think? Answers will vary, but should list reasonable suggestions both for protecting homes and for decreasing the likelihood of major fires. Kirtland s Warbler Census Singing males Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Year Figure 16 Kirtland s Warbler and Prescribed Burns Once researchers discovered that Kirtland s warblers only nested in 5 7-year-old jack pines (seedling, right), they came up with a plan. The Kirtland s Warbler Recovery Plan, instituted in 1976 and updated in 1985, includes management of the bird s breeding area, including regularly scheduled prescribed burns. The warbler s population is now more than 10 times its 1987 level (graph above). Forestry and Resource Management 341

6 Reading Checkpoint Removing snags after a natural disturbance Healthy Forests Restoration Act Shortly after the devastating 2003 California fires, Congress passed the Healthy Forests Restoration Act. The goal of the act is to make forests less fire-prone. Although this law encourages some prescribed burning, it primarily promotes the removal of small trees, underbrush, and snags by timber companies. The removal of snags following a natural disturbance is called salvage logging. Economically, salvage logging seems to make good sense. Ecologically, however, snags have immense value; the insects that feed on them provide food for wildlife, and many animals depend on holes in snags for nesting and roosting. Removing timber from recently burned land can also cause severe erosion and soil damage. Salvage logging can also slow forest regrowth and promote more wildfires. And major wildfires can damage both the economic and ecological value of a forest. Many scientists and most environmental advocates have criticized the Healthy Forests Restoration Act, saying it increases commercial logging in national forests while doing little to reduce catastrophic fires near populated areas. Critics also fear that it makes it easier to log in national forests, decreasing the ability of the government to enforce environmental regulations. In some cases, at least, those fears are well founded. The Forest Service had interpreted the law in such a way that it believed it could stop preparing environmental impact statements before allowing logging in some plots in national forests. In 2007, some environmental groups challenged this assumption in court and won. The environmental groups feared that large timber companies could use the streamlined process as a way to get approval for projects that would not be approved through the usual processes. Reading Checkpoint What is salvage logging? Figure 17 Healthy Forests Restoration Act The Healthy Forests Restoration Act encouraged more salvage logging. In this area, which had been burned in a forest fire, salvage logging would remove all the snags and other dying trees. 342 Lesson 3

7 Sustainable Forestry Products The response of timber companies to consumer demand is helping to promote sustainable forestry. Any company can claim that its timber harvesting practices are sustainable, but can a consumer know whether they really are? The answer is yes. Several organizations in the United States and elsewhere, such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), now examine the practices of timber companies. These organizations offer sustainable forestry certification to products produced using methods they consider sustainable. The FSC has the strictest standards and the most widely accepted certification process of any organization that certifies forest products. Certified wood products carry logos of the certifying organization, as you can see in Figure 18. You can look for these logos on wood products and paper products that you purchase. Some national home-improvement stores and smaller retail stores now carry certified wood because consumers have demanded it. And the decision of these retailers to supply certified wood to consumers requires that timber companies supply it. In British Columbia, Canada, for example, 70 percent of the annual timber harvest now is certified. Although it is more costly for the timber industry to produce certified wood, it seems that they will do so if consumers demand it. So you can protect the environment with your wallet, using the basic economic concept of supply and demand. Figure 18 Certified Forest Products The Forest Stewardship Council has the strictest certification process of any organization that certifies forest products. You can see the FSC certification logo on a box of tissues (above left) and lumber (above right). Lesson 3 Assessment For answers to the Lesson 3 Assessment, see page A 17 at the back of the book Explain What are the roles of the Forest Service and timber companies in logging U.S. national forests? What are the requirements of the National Forest Management Act? 2. Infer Generally, how does a tree plantation s biodiversity differ from that of a natural forest? Give two reasons for your answer. 3. Pose Questions Suppose you lived very close to a fire-prone forest where there had been no fire for many years, and the Forest Service wanted to have a prescribed burn there. What are two questions you would ask the Forest Service? 4. Infer How do organizations such as the FSC decide whether to certify a product? 5. Suppose you were an environmental activist protesting a logging operation that is cutting old-growth trees near your town. Then you find out that if the protest is successful, the company will move to a developing nation and cut its old-growth forest instead. Would you still protest the logging in your town? Would you try any other approaches? Forestry and Resource Management 343

Low-intensity fire burning on the forest floor. High-intensity crown fire

Low-intensity fire burning on the forest floor. High-intensity crown fire Forest Fires: Answers to 12 Common Questions 1. Is wildfire bad for forests? No. Some forests need fire to be healthy, but it has to be the type of fire that the forest evolved with. Low-intensity fire

More information

Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services

Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services Core Case Study: Costa Rica A Global Conservation Leader

More information

The Social and Economic Importance of Canada s Privately Owned Forest Lands

The Social and Economic Importance of Canada s Privately Owned Forest Lands The Social and Economic Importance of Canada s Privately Owned Forest Lands Key Points n Private forests make up 6% of Canada s 402 million ha of forested land and 13% of the managed forest. n Private

More information

Huron-Manistee National Forests Mio Ranger District 107 McKinley Road Mio, MI 48647

Huron-Manistee National Forests Mio Ranger District 107 McKinley Road Mio, MI 48647 United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Huron-Manistee National Forests Mio Ranger District 107 McKinley Road Mio, MI 48647 989-826-3252 (Voice) 989-826-6073 (Fax) Dial 711 for relay service

More information

OTBA. THEME: Forests - Friends for Life

OTBA. THEME: Forests - Friends for Life OTBA THEME: Forests - Friends for Life The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that have formed a buffer for the earth to protect life forms. The trees which make up the main area

More information

Managed Forest Tax Incentive Program Encouraging Responsible Forest Stewardship Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry

Managed Forest Tax Incentive Program Encouraging Responsible Forest Stewardship Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Managed Forest Tax Incentive Program Encouraging Responsible Forest Stewardship Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Rob Spence Administrator MFTIP OLTA Gathering Oct 2015 1 Overview Private Lands

More information

Chapter 10 Land, Public and Private

Chapter 10 Land, Public and Private Chapter 10 Land, Public and Private Friedland and Relyea Environmental Science for AP, second edition 2015 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which

More information

Ontario Envirothon LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Ontario Envirothon Learning Objectives

Ontario Envirothon LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Ontario Envirothon Learning Objectives Ontario Envirothon LEARNING OBJECTIVES Updated Fall 2015 5 Contents Contents... 6 Overall Objectives... 7 Aquatic Ecology... 8 Specific Objectives... 8 Overall Objectives... 8 Application/Analysis... 9

More information

The Natural Role of Fire

The Natural Role of Fire The Natural Role of Fire Fire is a significant force in the forest environment. Depending upon specific land management objective, plus a host of environmental variables, fire will sometimes be an enemy,

More information

The USDA. Farm Bill:

The USDA. Farm Bill: The USDA Farm Bill: What is in it for woodland owners? Why is the 2008 Farm Bill important to me? As the owner of forested property or woodlands, you may qualify for landowner assistance under the 2008

More information

Critical Thinking ANALOGIES. Agricultural Revolution :: a. animal muscle : fossil. consumption b. developing nation :

Critical Thinking ANALOGIES. Agricultural Revolution :: a. animal muscle : fossil. consumption b. developing nation : Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking ANALOGIES Mark the letter of the pair of terms that best completes the analogy shown. An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of words or phrases written as a

More information

PLANT AND ANIMAL DIVERSITY

PLANT AND ANIMAL DIVERSITY by the planning rule team as of. These ideas are for discussion purposes and do not What we want to achieve PLANT AND ANIMAL DIVERSITY The Forest Service is committed to protecting species and sustaining

More information

A Forester s Journey Through the complex landscape of sustainable forest management Lessons learned in Oregon. Li Wan Chang World Forest Institute

A Forester s Journey Through the complex landscape of sustainable forest management Lessons learned in Oregon. Li Wan Chang World Forest Institute A Forester s Journey Through the complex landscape of sustainable forest management Lessons learned in Oregon Li Wan Chang World Forest Institute Personal background Assistant Researcher Taiwan Forestry

More information

Value of native bees to agriculture

Value of native bees to agriculture Value of native bees to agriculture Native bees pollinated approximately $3 billion of crops in the year 2000 There are approximately 4,000 species of native bees in North America, hundreds of which contribute

More information

LET IT BURN? ET IT BURN?

LET IT BURN? ET IT BURN? ET IT BURN? 1 Only you can prevent wildfires is Smokey Bear s message. This highly recognizable character has been campaigning against forest fires since 1944. Preventing unexpected wildfires is important

More information

AG. 350 FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

AG. 350 FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AG. 350 FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT COURSE DESCRIPTION: A course designed to examine the importance of forestry, wildlife, and outdoor recreation with emphasis on efficient use of natural resources.

More information

FIA SFI Summary Re-Certification Audit Report

FIA SFI Summary Re-Certification Audit Report FIA SFI Summary Re-Certification Audit Report The SFI Program of Forest Investment Associates (FIA) of Atlanta, GA has again achieved conformance with the SFI Standard, 2010-2014 Edition, according to

More information

Vancouver Island Land Use Plan Higher Level Plan Order

Vancouver Island Land Use Plan Higher Level Plan Order Order Establishing Resource Management Zones and Resource Management Zone Objectives within the area covered by the Vancouver Island Land Use Plan, pursuant to sections 3(1) and 3(2), as well as section

More information

Forest Stewardship Council UNITED STATES

Forest Stewardship Council UNITED STATES Forest Stewardship Council UNITED STATES Close your eyes and imagine a thriving forest. As a child, perhaps you played in a forest near your home. Maybe you ve hiked through a forest dripping with moss,

More information

FOREST FOR THE TREES: LAND-USE ISSUES IN MICHIGAN Marty Mater Teacher Consultant in Residence Michigan Geographic Alliance

FOREST FOR THE TREES: LAND-USE ISSUES IN MICHIGAN Marty Mater Teacher Consultant in Residence Michigan Geographic Alliance FOREST FOR THE TREES: LAND-USE ISSUES IN MICHIGAN Marty Mater (mater1ml@cmich.edu) Teacher Consultant in Residence Michigan Geographic Alliance FOCUS QUESTIONS: How is human activity affecting forestland

More information

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LESSON PLAN LIBRARY

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LESSON PLAN LIBRARY ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LESSON PLAN LIBRARY UNIT A: NATURAL RESOURCES 1. Introduction to Natural Resources Lesson 1 Exploring Natural Resources Lesson 2 Understanding Ecology and Ecosytems Lesson 3 Understanding

More information

Economics. What Is Economics?

Economics. What Is Economics? LESSON 1 Economics Guiding Question: How is sustainability affected by economics? Describe two basic concepts of economics. Explain the relationship between economics and the environment. Describe ways

More information

Section 6.1: A Changing Landscape. Name: Block: Date:

Section 6.1: A Changing Landscape. Name: Block: Date: Section 6.1: A Changing Landscape Name: Block: Date: 1. Our daily activities impact the quality of Earth s natural resources:,, a. These activities are:,, 2. The Effect of Human Activity :Agriculture a.

More information

Conservation of Biological Diversity

Conservation of Biological Diversity Conservation of Biological Diversity Images courtesy of US Fish and Wildlife Service Auburn University School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Nature s Limits Ultimate constraints are natural or Ecosystem

More information

Applying Ecosystem Services to Collaborative Forest Management Elk River Public Meeting

Applying Ecosystem Services to Collaborative Forest Management Elk River Public Meeting Applying Ecosystem Services to Collaborative Forest Management Elk River Public Meeting Nikola Smith Ecologist and Ecosystem Services Specialist U.S. Forest Service Port Orford City Hall February 2, 2017

More information

Pros and Cons of Salvage and Restoration Operations

Pros and Cons of Salvage and Restoration Operations Pros and Cons of Salvage and Restoration Operations February 10, 2010 John Sessions College of Forestry Oregon State University Oregon Society of American Foresters Position Statement (2008) The OSAF supports

More information

Environmental Issues in Canada

Environmental Issues in Canada Environmental Issues in Canada Learning Target (B.8.10d.Env.Issues.CAN): Identify and describe a minimum of 3 environmental concerns the United States and Canada share regarding acid rain, pollution of

More information

MANITOBA ENVIROTHON WATER AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

MANITOBA ENVIROTHON WATER AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS MANITOBA ENVIROTHON WATER AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS Outcome Water and Aquatic Ecosystems as Resources Properties of Water, Water Bodies and Watersheds, and Aquatic Species Identification A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

More information

WWF s recommendations for sustainability criteria for forest based biomass used in electricity, heating and cooling in Europe

WWF s recommendations for sustainability criteria for forest based biomass used in electricity, heating and cooling in Europe POSITION PAPER APRIL 2012 WWF s recommendations for sustainability criteria for forest based biomass used in electricity, heating and cooling in Europe The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC envisages

More information

3-13 Other Required Findings and Regulatory Compliance

3-13 Other Required Findings and Regulatory Compliance Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences 3-13 Other Required Findings and Regulatory Compliance 3-13.1 Short-term Uses and Long-term Productivity NEPA requires consideration of the relationship

More information

SENATE, No STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 216th LEGISLATURE INTRODUCED MAY 5, SYNOPSIS Establishes forest stewardship program for State-owned lands.

SENATE, No STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 216th LEGISLATURE INTRODUCED MAY 5, SYNOPSIS Establishes forest stewardship program for State-owned lands. SENATE, No. 0 STATE OF NEW JERSEY th LEGISLATURE INTRODUCED MAY, 0 Sponsored by: Senator BOB SMITH District (Middlesex and Somerset) Senator STEVEN V. OROHO District (Morris, Sussex and Warren) Co-Sponsored

More information

Rare Beauty: Volunteers Monitor Swamp Pink

Rare Beauty: Volunteers Monitor Swamp Pink Rare Beauty: Volunteers Monitor Swamp Pink Citizens United, a local watershed organization in southern New Jersey, works in cooperation with the federal government to protect a rare species, swamp pink.

More information

What is your biodiversity IQ?

What is your biodiversity IQ? What is your biodiversity IQ? Name: Date: Period: Read each question carefully. Circle all the answers that apply. 1. Which of the following could the fastest human outrun in a 100 yard race? a. Cheetah

More information

FIBER PROCUREMENT. Final Version 6/30/2009. Policy Statement. It is the policy of Kimberly-Clark

FIBER PROCUREMENT. Final Version 6/30/2009. Policy Statement. It is the policy of Kimberly-Clark Final Version 6/30/2009 FIBER PROCUREMENT Policy Statement It is the policy of Kimberly-Clark to conduct its businesses with a sincere and proper regard for the need to sustain natural resources used in

More information

THERE S MORE TO FORESTS THEN TREES

THERE S MORE TO FORESTS THEN TREES Grade 11 SBA REVIEW THERE S MORE TO FORESTS THEN TREES AUTHOR S POINTS OF VIEW INFERENCE ANALYZE INFORMATIONAL TEXT There s More to Forests than Trees; There s a World of Hidden Wildlife Dead trees are

More information

Boreal 101. Hook: Variety in the Boreal. Procedure. Learning Outcomes. Extensions

Boreal 101. Hook: Variety in the Boreal. Procedure. Learning Outcomes. Extensions Boreal 101 Age range: 8 to 12 (Junior) Time: 60 minutes Subjects: Visual Arts, Geography, Social Studies, Science Resources: scissors, glue, The Boreal Forest (page 32 and 33) and Introducing the Boreal

More information

Forest Dilemmas This lesson is the culmination of a unit on Idaho s forests, or can serve as an anticipatory set to such a unit.

Forest Dilemmas This lesson is the culmination of a unit on Idaho s forests, or can serve as an anticipatory set to such a unit. 34 Learning from the Forest Forest Dilemmas This lesson is the culmination of a unit on Idaho s forests, or can serve as an anticipatory set to such a unit. Subject(s): Social Science, Earth Science, Economics,

More information

PUTTING our RESOURCES to WORK

PUTTING our RESOURCES to WORK PUTTING our RESOURCES to WORK INTRODUCTION: Resources for Growth Two years ago, in its landmark economic development policy Growing Together, the Government of New Brunswick identified the forestry sector

More information

SECTION 2. SFI Forest Management Standard

SECTION 2. SFI Forest Management Standard SECTION 2 SFI 2015-2019 Forest Management Standard January 2015 SFI 2015-2019 Forest Management Standard 1. General 2 1.1 Scope 2 1.2 Additional Requirements 2 1.3 References 2 1.4 Forest Management Standard

More information

LIVING LANDS Helping Land Trusts Conserve Biodiversity

LIVING LANDS Helping Land Trusts Conserve Biodiversity LIVING LANDS Helping Land Trusts Conserve Biodiversity Habitat Restoration: Information for Land Trusts What is Habitat Restoration? Habitat restoration is defined as the process of assisting the recovery

More information

What s in a Tree? Resource Report: Words to know: Next Generation Science Standards

What s in a Tree? Resource Report:  Words to know: Next Generation Science Standards Resource Report: http://gp.com/nature/video.html In this one-minute video clip from Georgia-Pacific, Chuck Leavell, a Georgia tree farmer and a member of The Rolling Stones rock band, discusses the importance

More information

High School Environmental Science Produced by Columbia Riverkeeper HANFORD & THE RIVER

High School Environmental Science Produced by Columbia Riverkeeper HANFORD & THE RIVER HANFORD & THE RIVER High School Environmental Science Produced by Columbia Riverkeeper The Hanford Nuclear Site ( Hanford or Hanford Site ) is the most contaminated place in the Western Hemisphere, where

More information

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation

Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Fuente: Center for Biodiversity and Conservation What is: Habitat Fragmentation? The end result of human settlement and resource extraction in a landscape is a patchwork

More information

Unit A: Introduction to Forestry. Lesson 3: Recognizing the Importance of Forests

Unit A: Introduction to Forestry. Lesson 3: Recognizing the Importance of Forests Unit A: Introduction to Forestry Lesson 3: Recognizing the Importance of Forests 1 Terms Forest Forest canopy Piling Pulpwood Timberland Total forest land Urban forestry Veneer Reserved forest land 2 What

More information

2.4 MANAGING FOR HIGH-VALUE TREES

2.4 MANAGING FOR HIGH-VALUE TREES 2.4 MANAGING FOR HIGH-VALUE TREES BACKGROUND Quality timber trees are important to the region s wood products industry. Quality is determined by tree size and the amount of clear, knot-free lumber the

More information

GRADE 8: Life science 5. UNIT 8L.5 7 hours. Feeding relationships. Resources. About this unit. Previous learning. Expectations

GRADE 8: Life science 5. UNIT 8L.5 7 hours. Feeding relationships. Resources. About this unit. Previous learning. Expectations GRADE 8: Life science 5 Feeding relationships UNIT 8L.5 7 hours About this unit This unit is the fifth of six units on life science for Grade 8. This unit is designed to guide your planning and teaching

More information

Draw disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection on the board. Explain disruptive selection using an example. What effects speciation most?

Draw disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection on the board. Explain disruptive selection using an example. What effects speciation most? Draw disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection on the board. disruptive selection using an Disruptive selection is when the average physical characteristic of a population is not beneficial. Example:

More information

Katahdin Forest Management 2016 SFI Summary Audit Report

Katahdin Forest Management 2016 SFI Summary Audit Report Katahdin Forest Management 2016 SFI Summary Audit Report Introduction The SFI Program of Katahdin Forest Management of Millinocket, Maine has demonstrated continued conformance with the SFI 2015-2019 Standard

More information

Roles of Organisms in Ecosystems. P Organisms that feed off dead organisms or the waste of other organisms are called scavengers.

Roles of Organisms in Ecosystems. P Organisms that feed off dead organisms or the waste of other organisms are called scavengers. Roles of Organisms in Ecosystems P Organisms that feed off dead organisms or the waste of other organisms are called scavengers. Roles of Organisms in Ecosystems P Organisms that break down dead organisms

More information

Texas forests are. one of our state s most valuable natural resources, with unlimited environmental and economic potential for future generations.

Texas forests are. one of our state s most valuable natural resources, with unlimited environmental and economic potential for future generations. Texas forests are one of our state s most valuable natural resources, with unlimited environmental and economic potential for future generations. James B. Hull, State Forester and Director, Texas Forest

More information

Plantation Forestry: A Global Look

Plantation Forestry: A Global Look Plantation Forestry: A Global Look Forest Area: 3,952,025,000 ha Woodland Area: 1,375,829,000 ha Annual World Wood Removal + + 620,138,943 m 3 wood (USDA 2008) 620,138,943 m 3 wood (USDA 2008) 620,138,943

More information

MODULE 5: ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS

MODULE 5: ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS MODULE 5: ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS Purpose This module describes measures for ecological restoration and rehabilitation efforts. The module is primarily focused on fire hazard reduction and its ecological effects.

More information

The Importance of Forest Management

The Importance of Forest Management The Importance of Forest Management Molly Pitts Rocky Mountain States Director Sacramento Mountains Wood Industry Summit 3/30/16 Background Owner of Pitts Resource Consulting, LLC Rocky Mountain States

More information

CANADA. INFORMAL SUBMISSION TO THE AWG-KP Information and Data on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) September 2009

CANADA. INFORMAL SUBMISSION TO THE AWG-KP Information and Data on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) September 2009 CANADA INFORMAL SUBMISSION TO THE AWG-KP Information and Data on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) September 2009 1. INTRODUCTION Canada believes that improvements to LULUCF rules should

More information

INVASIVE SPECIES MADE BY: RIYA, LAVANYA, ADAI, PRACHI, RUDRA

INVASIVE SPECIES MADE BY: RIYA, LAVANYA, ADAI, PRACHI, RUDRA INVASIVE SPECIES MADE BY: RIYA, LAVANYA, ADAI, PRACHI, RUDRA WHAT ARE INVASIVE SPECIES? Any Kind Of Organism that is not native to an eco system and causes harm to that particular eco system It does not

More information

Responsible Forest Management IS Wildlife Management

Responsible Forest Management IS Wildlife Management FOREST WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA Daniel Ray Forest Stewardship Biologist NC Wildlife Resources Commission Forest Stewardship Values Timber or Wildlife What about the other forest resources?

More information

Spatial Analysis/EQIP Success Story

Spatial Analysis/EQIP Success Story Spatial Analysis/EQIP Success Story The State of Iowa has a rich agricultural tradition. Iowa is a national leader in the annual production of corn, soybeans, hogs, and cattle. Because of this rich tradition

More information

British Columbia. Ecosystem Restoration Program

British Columbia. Ecosystem Restoration Program British Columbia Ecosystem Restoration Program Al Neal, P.Ag. RFT British Columbia Senior Ecosystem Restoration Specialist Co-Chair, BC Prescribed Fire Council Presentation focus BC Ecosystem Restoration

More information

Natural Resource Management of Pipeline Infrastructure

Natural Resource Management of Pipeline Infrastructure Natural Resource Management of Pipeline Infrastructure Dan Devlin Director, Bureau of Forestry www.dcnr.state.pa.us Connection between Pipelines & DCNR Commonwealth s forests Fragmentation or reduction

More information

Wildfire and the Global Carbon Cycle

Wildfire and the Global Carbon Cycle Wildfire and the Global Carbon Cycle By Josh McDaniel WINTER 2008 Large fluxes of carbon into the atmosphere from wildfires can have an impact on the global carbon cycle, and with policy initiatives forming

More information

Biophysical Indicators of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Change. Ryan R. Jensen Department of Geography, Geology, and Anthropology

Biophysical Indicators of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Change. Ryan R. Jensen Department of Geography, Geology, and Anthropology Biophysical Indicators of Longleaf Pine Sandhill Change Ryan R. Jensen Department of Geography, Geology, and Anthropology Sandhills Species Long-leaf pine Turkey oak Wiregrass Extremely rich herbaceous

More information

FORESTRY TALK: A GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS

FORESTRY TALK: A GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS FORESTRY TALK: A GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS If you re planning to harvest trees in your woodlot or to establish a forest on your property, you may need to communicate with foresters and logging contractors

More information

15 Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot Th e g o v e r n m e n t o f Kapikua wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts

15 Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot Th e g o v e r n m e n t o f Kapikua wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts 15 Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot Th e g o v e r n m e n t o f Kapikua wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts on the island. The government has two goals: 1) to protect the overall

More information

Nez Perce National Forest Moose Creek Ranger District

Nez Perce National Forest Moose Creek Ranger District United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Nez Perce National Forest Moose Creek Ranger District 831 Selway Road Kooskia, ID 83539 208 926-4258 TTY 208 926-7725 File Code: 1950 Date: Dec 30,

More information

IWAY Standard, Forestry Specific Section

IWAY Standard, Forestry Specific Section Issued By: IKEA Supply AG Approved By: INGKA Holding B.V. Date: 1.09.2012 Edition: 6 IWAY Standard, Forestry Specific Section Scope and contents This document applies to all solid wood, veneer, plywood,

More information

State of resources reporting

State of resources reporting Ministry of Natural Resources State of resources reporting October 2010 The State of Forest Carbon in Ontario Ontario s managed forests have the potential to remove carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from

More information

For the property described as: Property Owner: Name. Phone Number. Mailing Address. City. Report Year:

For the property described as: Property Owner: Name. Phone Number. Mailing Address. City. Report Year: Timber Management Plan For the property described as: Property Owner: Name Phone Number Mailing Address City State Zip Report Year: (This template is provided to assist Cherokee County land owners who

More information

Appendix A Silvicultural Prescription Matrix Spruce Beetle Epidemic and Aspen Decline Management Response

Appendix A Silvicultural Prescription Matrix Spruce Beetle Epidemic and Aspen Decline Management Response Appendix A Silvicultural Prescription Matrix Spruce Beetle Epidemic and Aspen Decline Management Response Treatment objectives within the matrix are a combination of objectives for silvicultural, fuels,

More information

MINNESOTA S FORESTS BENEFITING MINNESOTANS EVERY DAY

MINNESOTA S FORESTS BENEFITING MINNESOTANS EVERY DAY MINNESOTA S FORESTS BENEFITING MINNESOTANS EVERY DAY 2 For up-to-date news and information about Minnesota forests,visit us at minnesotaforests.com Each year more than 20 million seedlings are planted

More information

Fortoon Interactive Forestry Software

Fortoon Interactive Forestry Software Fortoon Interactive Forestry Software Student Handbook Name: Block: Date: Page 1 LESSON ONE: Introduction to Forestry Worksheet 1A What is Forestry? a) Who practices forestry in B.C.? /1 b) Who owns the

More information

IS YOUR NEIGHBOR. Landscaping to Reduce Wildfire Risk. South Florida Edition

IS YOUR NEIGHBOR. Landscaping to Reduce Wildfire Risk. South Florida Edition IS YOUR NEIGHBOR Landscaping to Reduce Wildfire Risk South Florida Edition F Wildland/Urban Interface For additional information: www.firewise.org www.floridaforestservice.com Contents 4 Fire in Florida

More information

JUNE 20, Collaborative Initiatives: Restoring watersheds and large landscapes across boundaries through State and Federal partnerships

JUNE 20, Collaborative Initiatives: Restoring watersheds and large landscapes across boundaries through State and Federal partnerships TESTIMONY of LESLIE WELDON DEPUTY CHIEF, NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC

More information

Managing Publicly Owned Forest in a Changing Landscape

Managing Publicly Owned Forest in a Changing Landscape Managing Publicly Owned Forest in a Changing Landscape Aaron Murphy Project Forester J. Strom Thurmond Project April 17 th, 2017 Trusted Partners Delivering Value, Today and Tomorrow CHARLESTON JACKSONVILLE

More information

Trees provide many of the products, including lumber,

Trees provide many of the products, including lumber, Green Jobs: Sustainable Forestry BLS U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Careers in Sustainable Forestry James Hamilton Report 11 Trees provide many of the products, including lumber, paper, and cloth, which

More information

The Hoover Dam By Michael Stahl

The Hoover Dam By Michael Stahl The Hoover Dam The Hoover Dam By Michael Stahl Hydropower is a process that uses running water to generate energy. Mankind has used it for centuries. Around the globe during more primitive times, man used

More information

ANALYZING THE RISE OF U.S. WILDFIRES

ANALYZING THE RISE OF U.S. WILDFIRES Name: Date: INTRODUCTION Most wildfires are naturally occurring and many ecosystems benefit from the natural cycles of forest fires. Burned forests eventually decompose, replenishing the soil with nutrients

More information

Managing Forests For Wildlife 3/13/2017 1

Managing Forests For Wildlife 3/13/2017 1 Managing Forests For Wildlife 3/13/2017 1 Why? Primarily Food. Acorns 142 calories/ounce. 9 grams of fat. 15 grams carbohydrate 2 grams protein Wildlife SuperFood Acorns can compose more than 75 percent

More information

Errata to Activity: The Impact of Climate Change on the Mountain Pine Beetle and Westerns Forests

Errata to Activity: The Impact of Climate Change on the Mountain Pine Beetle and Westerns Forests Errata to Activity: The Impact of Climate Change on the Mountain Pine Beetle and Westerns Forests Under Internet Resources Needed Fifth bullet, correct URL is: http://www.barkbeetles.org/mountain/fidl2.htm

More information

Conserved Forest Ecosystems: Outreach and Research Cooperative (CFEOR)

Conserved Forest Ecosystems: Outreach and Research Cooperative (CFEOR) Conserved Forest Ecosystems: Outreach and Research Cooperative (CFEOR) Developing Adaptive Management Strategies for Ecosystems in Transition: Year 1 Project Report May 2009 (FY 2008-2009) Prepared By:

More information

New Mexico Forest Restoration Principles

New Mexico Forest Restoration Principles New Mexico Forest Restoration Principles Preamble These principles were collaboratively developed by a team of dedicated professionals representing industry, conservation organizations, land management

More information

CARBON FORESTRY WORKSHOP

CARBON FORESTRY WORKSHOP CARBON FORESTRY WORKSHOP May 06, 2017 pinchot.org WHAT WE WILL COVER 1. Introduction to Forest Carbon 2. Forestry and Carbon Additionality 3. Overview of Markets for Forest Carbon Credits 4. Assistance

More information

2/24/2009. The factors that determine what type of forest will grow in a region are temperature precipitation growing season soil land forms

2/24/2009. The factors that determine what type of forest will grow in a region are temperature precipitation growing season soil land forms FOREST FACTS Forestry 37% of Canada's land area covered by forests. Stretches in a continuous band from BC to NL. Commercial forests are forests that could be easily be harvested for timber. Non-commercial

More information

New Jersey Forest Stewardship Program Spatial Analysis Project Map Products And Data Layers Descriptions

New Jersey Forest Stewardship Program Spatial Analysis Project Map Products And Data Layers Descriptions New Jersey Forest Stewardship Program Spatial Analysis Project 2007 Map Products And Data Layers Descriptions 01/07 NJ Forest Stewardship Program (FSP) Spatial Analysis Project (SAP) Methodology Project

More information

Wildlife Management Intensity Standards

Wildlife Management Intensity Standards Habitat Control Practices Required Intensity Description Grazing Management The planned manipulation of livestock numbers and grazing intensities to increase food, The planned manipulation of livestock

More information

Lakeview Stewardship CFLRP Work Plan 2012

Lakeview Stewardship CFLRP Work Plan 2012 Responses to the prompts on this work plan should be typed directly into this template 1. Describe the manner in which the proposal will be implemented to achieve ecological and community economic benefit,

More information

Forest Products Specialist Report

Forest Products Specialist Report United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southwestern Region Cibola National Forest and National Grasslands Forest Products Specialist Report Kiowa, Rita Blanca, Black Kettle and McClellan

More information

Forensic Forestry Reading the Land

Forensic Forestry Reading the Land Principles of Forest Ecology and Management or Forensic Forestry Reading the Land Jonathan Kays University of Maryland Extension Where Do We Start? Think Like A Plant Act Like A Plant Thinking and Acting

More information

Habitat Restoration, Longleaf Pine Forests, and the Flatwoods Salamander. Goals of Today s Talk. Habitat Restoration. Habitat Restoration

Habitat Restoration, Longleaf Pine Forests, and the Flatwoods Salamander. Goals of Today s Talk. Habitat Restoration. Habitat Restoration Habitat Restoration, Longleaf Pine Forests, and the Flatwoods Salamander Kenny Wray Goals of Today s Talk Introduce you to the science of Restoration Ecology. Give you examples of the theory and processes

More information

The Important Role of Landowners in Managing Unique Habitats. Darcy Kind Private Lands Biologist WDNR- Madison

The Important Role of Landowners in Managing Unique Habitats. Darcy Kind Private Lands Biologist WDNR- Madison The Important Role of Landowners in Managing Unique Habitats Darcy Kind Private Lands Biologist WDNR- Madison Darcy.Kind@wisconsin.gov You are here WI Wildlife Action Plan Western Coulees and Ridges WI

More information

The province has been divided into six Fire Management Zones based on common management objectives, land use, fire load, and forest ecology.

The province has been divided into six Fire Management Zones based on common management objectives, land use, fire load, and forest ecology. Appendix A: Fire Management Zones & Zone Specific Direction The province has been divided into six Fire Management Zones based on common management objectives, land use, fire load, and forest ecology.

More information

Forest certification: the practice of evaluating forest land management against agreed upon standards of. Sustainability:??

Forest certification: the practice of evaluating forest land management against agreed upon standards of. Sustainability:?? Forest Certification and the Sustainability Issue Concerning Wood Products Georgia Forestry Commission 1-800-GA TREES GaTrees.org 1 Some Definitions Forest certification: the practice of evaluating forest

More information

Tree Trails. Tree and Forest Health

Tree Trails. Tree and Forest Health TREE TRAILS Tree Trails 7 ELEMENTARY Tree and Forest Health History has shown us the risk of planting too many of the same species in the urban forest. Cities and forests have lost many millions of trees

More information

Practice Plan for Sparta Mountain Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Stand 33: Restore Old Growth

Practice Plan for Sparta Mountain Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Stand 33: Restore Old Growth Practice Plan for Sparta Mountain Wildlife Management Area (WMA) Stand 33: Restore Old Growth This practice plan addresses a general activity provided for in year 2017-2018 of the management schedule within

More information

Diversity Index. Grade Level: Subject: Science, Math. Time Required: Three 50-minute periods. Setting: Indoors and outdoors

Diversity Index. Grade Level: Subject: Science, Math. Time Required: Three 50-minute periods. Setting: Indoors and outdoors Diversity Index Grade Level: 6-12 Subject: Science, Math Time Required: Three 50-minute periods Setting: Indoors and outdoors Materials: 100 beads in a container for each group Tent stakes 50 cord wound

More information

Nancy L. Young, Forester USAID/USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Nancy L. Young, Forester USAID/USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Forest Management Nancy L. Young, Forester USAID/USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Material translated by: Mohammadullah Karimi, Training & Liaison Officer Afghan Conservation Corps Managing

More information

Biodiversity and the Ecosystem (Lexile 910L)

Biodiversity and the Ecosystem (Lexile 910L) iodiversity and the Ecosystem (Lexile 910L) 1 Where is your special habitat? You, like a bird, a lizard, or even an ant, need a healthy habitat to survive. habitat is the place where an animal or plant

More information

Intensively Managed Pine Plantations

Intensively Managed Pine Plantations Intensively Managed Pine Plantations QDMA Articles By: Scott Edwards, Steve Demarais, and Andy Ezell If you are like many deer hunters in the Southeast, your primary hunting area is leased from forest

More information

You have already learnt about the

You have already learnt about the CHAPTER BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION You have already learnt about the geomorphic processes particularly weathering and depth of weathering mantle in different climatic zones. See the Figure 6.2 in Chapter

More information

Forest types: Plantation vs natural, and softwood vs hardwood. Geography. Activity information. Background

Forest types: Plantation vs natural, and softwood vs hardwood. Geography. Activity information. Background : Plantation vs natural, and softwood vs hardwood Geography G Practical Lesson Activity information Level: Junior secondary school Years 7 10 Duration: Preparation: Materials: Summary: Approximately 3

More information