WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION with Heavy Equipment in Spain. Juan Bautista García Egido Domingo Molina Terrén
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1 WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION with Heavy Equipment in Spain Juan Bautista García Egido Domingo Molina Terrén
2 Outline 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. 4. Efficiency/Performance of lines implementation. Cost 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain 6. Next Challenges (innovation and development) 2
3 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background FOREST MAP OF SPAIN 3
4 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background -Number of Fires and area affected: 4
5 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background -Evolution of % of the Large Fires (>500 ha) and Evolution of % of area affected by Large Fires: 5
6 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background USA 1940 CANADA (Alberta 1940) 6
7 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background FOTOTECA FORESTAL, DGB-INIA Indeterminate place, Building terraces 1958 Ciudad Real, Aforestation Riofrío Plough1975 CIUDAD REAL 1980, Pumper Cat/Caterpillar D7 7
8 1. Use and integration of heavy equipment in wildland fire suppression in Spain. Historical background TYPES OF FIRE AGENCIES IN SPAIN Map showing the number of heavy equipment teams by Regions (Size of Icon) Map Credit: Juan José Fernández 8
9 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams Eartmoving machines: - Dozers (68) - Excavators Machines to cut and extract products: - Harvesters and Feller-Bunchers - Skidder and Forwarders Machines with tanks: - Pumpercats - Skidgines Other implements and machines: - Walking excavators/mulchers/agricultural tractor with ploughs 9
10 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams. DOZERS/EXCAVATORS 10
11 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams HARVESTERS/FELLEN-BUNCHERS/SKIDDERS 11
12 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams PUMPERCATS 12
13 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams AGRICULTURAL PLOWS OVER TRACK AND WHEELED TRACTORS. LUCKY MACHINES 13
14 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams 14
15 2. Types of machines used in wildland fires in Spain. Heavy equipment teams 15
16 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct attack. Fuel Models: Grass, Shrubs (4,5) and Clear Forest (11) Ciudad Real Ciudad Real Zamora Toledo 16
17 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct attack. Fuel Models: Grass, Shrubs (4,5) and Clear Forest (11) Performance of construction of control lines (in Spain) with dozer according Ayala and Holguin (2000) in "La defensa contra incendios forestales. Fundamentos y experiencias". FUEL MODEL VEGETATION DESCRIPTION Yields km/hr IN CONTOUR LINE Yields km/hr IN DOWNHILL OPERATIONS 4 Shrubs> 2 m 0,5-1 1,5 5 y 6 Shrubs < 1 m 1, Shrubs de 0,5-2 m in conifers 0, y 9 Forest of conifers 0,50 0,7 10 Forest with debris 0,30 0,5 11 Forest clear 0,40 0,6 12 y 13 Debris predominant 0,70 0,9 17
18 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct attack. Fuel Models: Grass, Shrubs (4,5) and Clear Forest (11) Ciudad Real 18
19 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack. Fuel Models: Shrubs and Conifers (7) Forest and Debris (8, 9, 10, 12, 13) Cáceres Toledo Cuenca Lleida 19
20 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack. Fuel Models: Shrubs and Conifers (7) Forest and Debris (8, 9, 10, 12, 13) Cuenca Albacete 20
21 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack. Hand tool crew 2º Dozer 1º Dozer Dozer Boss 21
22 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Direct Attack. Resources Aerial support Dozer 1º Dozer 2º Dozer 2º Dozer 22
23 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Paralel/Indirect Attack. Ciudad Real 23
24 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Paralel/Indirect Attack. Ciudad Real Valencia 24
25 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Control of fire perimeters. Albacete Ciudad Real Ciudad Real 25
26 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources. Albacete 26
27 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources. Albacete 27
28 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources. Firelines restoration Firelines restoration 28
29 3. Suppression Operations in wildland fires in Spain. Creating access to other resources. Firelines restoration Firelines restoration 29
30 4. Efficiency/Performance of lines implementation Performance of construction of control lines (in Spain) with dozer according Ayala and Holguin (2000) in "La defensa contra incendios forestales. Fundamentos y experiencias". FUEL MODEL VEGETATION DESCRIPTION Yields km/hr IN CONTOUR LINE Yields km/hr IN DOWNHILL OPERATIONS 4 Shrubs> 2 m 0,5-1 1,5 5 y 6 Shrubs < 1 m 1, Shrubs de 0,5-2 m in conifers 0, y 9 Forest of conifers 0,50 0,7 10 Forest with debris 0,30 0,5 11 Forest clear 0,40 0,6 12 y 13 Debris predominant 0,70 0,9 30
31 4. Efficiency/Performance of lines implementation. Costs The service dozer and lowboy prices, for 10 hours in the presence of the team and 24 hours of on call availability with two full shifts machine operator and lowboy driver range from (Prices of Dozer Service in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) for 2012): - Dozer type 1> 200 hp: The hourly cost of the dozer and lowboy is about 87.2 /hour. - Dozer type 2 <200 hp: The hourly cost of the dozer and lowboy is about 72.1 /hour. The price of the extra hour in suppression tasks for dozer type 1> 200 HP: 75 /hour + VAT (Tax) = /hour. (1 Euro=$1.11 USD or $1.44C CAD). Most Technical Conditions of the Heavy Equipment in different Regions in Spain also has a portion of work by hours, hectares or linear meters, to review firebreaks or improvement of roads. Dozer production rate in Spain, determined by Ayala and Holguin (2000), can be determined operational costs, applying the price extra hour of /hour (track-type tractor Type 1). Therefore these operational costs would range between 30 /km-303 /km. 31
32 Actions to ensure the intrinsic safety of the heavy equipment used in suppression wildland fires 32
33 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain - Heavy Equipment Sets (HES) are highly adapted to the forest environment and to wildland fires. They have an excellent great grip and stability on steep slopes (<75 %), slippery surfaces and rough land. They have greater maneuverability than other resources. - HES are able to handle direct attacks on high intensity (>2,5 m) fireline wildland fires. - HES are used to implement emergency road access. - HES are used to save time and hours of manual work in fire line control; therefore, unloading work to be allocated to other tasks. - HES perform fire line control faster and in a less expensive manner. - HES eliminate part of safety iusses by reducing the number of people in your work area. - HES allow safer night time line building operations, especially where dead trees or branches (widow-makers) exist. 33
34 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain - In Spain, it is necessary to establish a training program for dozer boss, machine operators, and lowboy drivers to standardize and rank their capabilities (as regulated the Regional Fire Agencies) so they can fit into a system like the Incident Command System (ICS). - In order to successfully introduction the HES and be truly effective it is also necessary to train middle managers and command officers in the equipment characteristics, types, potential utilities and integration within suppression operations. - The integration of the figure of Strike Team Heavy Equipment in the Incident Command System of the Regional Governments is necessary. - Investigation of accidents (and near-hits) involving heavy equipment is needed in order to establish the causes and resulting conclusions. - Is necessary to carry out the firelines restoration after the wildland fires. 34
35 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain HES in Spain need the figure of Stike Team Heavy Equipment 35
36 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain HES in Spain need the figure of Strike Team Heavy Equipment Guadalajara 36
37 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain LESSONS LEARNED. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS (Guadalajara)
38 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain LESSONS LEARNED. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS (Ciudad Real)
39 5. Lessons learned from 15 years of wildland fire suppression in Spain LESSONS LEARNED. ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS. (Zamora)
40 6. Future challenges (innovation and development) Community Fire Shelter (Development by Safety Zone a Spanish Company) 40
41 6. Future challenges (innovation and development) Development tools such as water tanks approved for dozers and forwarders with CE labeling 41
42 6. Future challenges (innovation and development) Remote Control 42
43 6. Future challenges (innovation and development) Simulated virtual environments 43
44 6. Future challenges (innovation and development) Other types of incidents 44
45 Summary 1. Dozers and used in Spain in fire suppression. 2. More use, more training, and more efficiency is expected in the new future. 3. We use both direct and parallel attack (along with technical fire). Indirect attack and securing the control line (latter action) too. 4. Challenges 5. Training in dozer use at all levels, from drivers to fire chiefs. And in masterfuego (a M. Sc. program) 45
46 WILDLAND FIRE SUPPRESSION with Heavy Equipment in Spain Juan Bautista García Egido Domingo Molina Terrén THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION Juan Bautista García 46
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