Impacts of Fire on Hydrology and Erosion in Steep Mountain Big Sagebrush Communities
|
|
- Lesley Daniel
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 mpats of Fire on Hydrology and Erosion in Steep Mountain Big Sagebrush Communities Frederik B. Pierson, Peter R. Robihaud, Kenneth E. Spaeth, Corey A. Moffet Abstrat ntrodution Wildfire is an important eologial proess and management issue on western rangelands. Major unknowns assoiated with wildfire are its affets on vegetation and soil onditions that influene hydrologi proesses inluding infiltration, surfae runoff, erosion, sediment transport, and flooding. Post wildfire hydrologi response was studied in big sagebrush plant ommunities on steep slopes with oarse-textured soils. Signifiant rill erosion was observed following both thunderstorm and rapid snowmelt events. Rainfall simulation and ontrolled overland flow tehniques were used to study postfire effets on infiltration, and interrill and rill erosion proesses on burned and adjaent unburned areas. Results indiate that burn severity and the development of water repellent soil onditions play signifiant roles in determining infiltration and interrill erosion rates, partiularly on shrub oppie dunes haraterized by high surfae litter aumulations. The most dramati and long-lasting affet of fire was on rill erosion proesses by reduing ground over needed to slow and spread water as it moves aross the soil surfae. Ongoing researh efforts are aimed at haraterizing the hydrologi impats of presribed fire used as a tool to manage vegetation and mitigate the impats of atastrophi wildfire events. Keywords: rangeland, fire, hydrology, erosion, infiltration, water repellent soils. Fire is a natural omponent of the ntermountain sagebrush-steppe eosystem (Wright and Bailey 1982) with return periods of 25 to 100 years, depending on ommunity type and natural fuel load and distribution. Fuel and land management ativities in the past entury have disturbed fire frequenies putting wildland values suh as soil and water quality at greater risk from devastating wildfires. Higher runoff rates from severely burned landsapes an lead to flooding and inreased risk to human life and property. nreased soil erosion over natural levels following wildfire an lead to loss of soil produtivity and a deline in rangeland health. Hydrologi onsequenes of fire have been losely examined in forested eosystems, but few studies have examined impats of wildfire on rangeland hydrology. Many studies have shown an inrease in runoff and erosion rates the first year following fire, with reovery to pre-fire rates generally within five years (Wright and Bailey 1982). Timing and extent of reovery is highly dependent on preipitation, slope and vegetation type (Branson et al. 1981, Knight et al. 1983, Wright et al.1982, Wilox et al. 1988). The USDA-ARS Northwest Watershed Researh Center (NWRC) has been investigating the interation of wildfire and rangeland hydrologi proesses on steep, oarse textured, sagebrush dominated landsapes in daho and Nevada. Researh objetives are aimed at quantifying impats of wildfire on infiltration apaity, runoff, and erosion, gaining insight into the proesses Pierson is a researh hydrologist, U.S. Department of Agriulture, Agriultural Researh Servie, Northwest Watershed Researh Center, Boise, D fpierson@nwr.ars.usda.gov. Robihaud is a researh engineer, U.S. Department of Agriulture, Forest Servie, Roky Mountain Researh Station, Mosow, D Spaeth is a rangeland hydrologist, U.S. Department of Agriulture, Natural Resoure Conservation Servie, Boise, D Moffet is a researh assoiate, University of daho, Boise, D The First nterageny Conferene on Researh in the Watersheds, Otober 2003, Benson, AZ 1
2 involved and determining how long fire effets persist. The NWRC is also implementing a presribed fire researh program on Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) to examine the hydrologi impats of using presribed fire as a vegetation and fuels management tool. Study Areas Study areas are loated on the Boise Front immediately above the ity of Boise, daho (Eighth Street Fire), and in the Pine Forest Range, 50 km south of Denio, Nevada (Denio Fire). Both sites have vegetation onsisting of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)/ daho fesue (Festua idahoensis) ommunities. Some areas are haraterized by inreases in three-awn (Aristida spp), Sandberg s bluegrass (Poa sandbergii), and rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus spp). Soils on both sites were derived from granite and onsist of well drained, fine gravelly oarse sandy loams, on slopes of 35 to 45%. Both sites were severely burned by wildfire. More omplete desriptions of study sites are presented by Pierson et al. (2001, 2002). Methods At both loations burned sites were ompared to unburned sites with the same soil type, slope and vegetation as that found before the fire. Sampling on both burned and unburned sites was stratified based on oppie (areas strongly influened by the existene of a shrub) and interspae areas (areas between shrubs primarily dominated by grasses and forbs) (Pierson et al. 1994). A portable osillatingarm rainfall simulator with speifiations as desribed by Meyer and Harmon (1979) was used to ahieve intermittent rainfall similar to naturally ourring rainfall. Simulations were run on natural plots, 0.5 m 2 in size, without pre-wetting. Sampling was onduted in late summer when soil moisture for all plots was extremely low (<10% generally). The Boise Front sites were sampled one year following the fire and the Denio sites were sampled immediately following the fire. Rainfall was applied at a rate 67 mm hr -1 on the Boise Front and 85 mm hr -1 on the Denio sites. Runoff samples were olleted at one- or two-minute time intervals throughout the 60-minute simulation and analyzed for runoff volume and sediment onentration. nfiltration apaity for eah time interval was alulated as the differene between measured rainfall and measured runoff. A flow regulator was used to apply rill flow rates of 7, 12 and 15 l/min to six randomly seleted points at eah site to simulate the rill development proess. Flow samples were olleted 4-m down slope of the release point. Suspended sediment samples for both rainfall and rill proedures were weighed, dried at 105 o C then re-weighed to determine runoff rate and soil loss. Flow veloity in eah rill was measured by releasing a onentrated salt solution into the rill and using eletrial ondutivity probes to estimate the mean travel time of the salt over a known rill length. Rill erosion sampling was done in early spring while soils were still moist. Vegetative over and ground over were also estimated for eah rainfall simulation plot and rill using a ombination of pinpoint and oular estimation proedures. Further desription of the methodology an be found in Pierson et al. (2001, 2002). Results and Disussion Both the Boise Front and Denio study areas were severely burned with virtually all vegetation and litter being onsumed during the fire. Bare ground for all burned sites was greater than 95% resulting in inreased soil exposure to the erosive fores of raindrop impat and overland flow. Loss of surfae litter, vegetative basal over and assoiated mirotopographi relief also redued surfae storage of water ruial for reduing runoff and inreasing infiltration. Past studies have shown that fire an vaporize organi ompounds on the soil surfae and distill them downwards, reating onentrated water repellent layers within the upper the soil (De Bano 1981, Wright and Bailey 1982). Suh water repellent soil onditions are generally temporary (Robihaud 2000b, De Bano et al. 1967), so that during the first minutes (or longer) of rainfall, water beads on or near the soil surfae and quikly runs off the plot. Water repelleny then deteriorates as rainfall ontinues, resulting in a gradual reovery in the infiltration apaity of the soil. The following results demonstrate the effets of these fire impats on ritial hydrologi and erosion proesses. nfiltration The redution in infiltration apaity due to the fire was onentrated on the oppie mirosites for both study sites. nfiltration rates for oppies were redued by over 30% in the initial stages of runoff (Figures 1 and 2). After one hour of rainfall, the initial fire-indued redutions in infiltration rates had 2
3 reovered to a point where no signifiant differenes in final infiltration rates ould be deteted (Table 1). Coppie mirosites are generally dominated by heavy litter aumulations providing ample organi material for the reation of hydrophobi ompounds that in turn reate water repellent soils. Pierson et al. (2001) defined a soil water repelleny index (WR) to quantify the perent redution in infiltration apaity during the initial stages of the infiltration proess. Burned oppies exhibited an average of 16 and 32% redution in infiltration due to water repelleny on the Boise Front and in Denio, respetively (Table 1). Runoff began within 5 min for all burned and unburned mirosites (Table 1). Also, all mirosites reahed their peak runoff rates from 5 to 14 min following the start of rainfall (Table 1). Figure 2. nfiltration rate for burned and unburned mirosites, Denio Fire, Nevada. Coppie rates within a level of time labeled with the same letter () are signifiantly different (P 0.05). Figure 1. nfiltration rate for burned and unburned mirosites, Boise Front, daho. Coppie rates within a level of time labeled with the same letter (C) are signifiantly different (P 0.05). Under very dry onditions, unburned soils with suffiient waxy substanes on the soil surfae an also reate water repellent soil onditions (DeBano et al. 1967, DeBano and Rie 1973). This phenomenon was observed for unburned interspae mirosites at both loations. Unburned interspaes had soil water repelleny values of 17% on the Boise Front and 9% in Denio (Table 1). Final infiltration rates for unburned interspaes were lower than all other burned or unburned mirosites (Table 1). Runoff Fire had a signifiant, but small affet on the initiation of overland flow on all burned sites. Both sites showed a onsistent and rapid runoff response to intense rainfall for all burned and unburned mirosites. Runoff on burned oppies onsistently began approximately 2 min after the start of rainfall. The greatest impat of fire in these steep oarsetextured sagebrush systems is not on generating runoff, but its effet on the dynamis of runoff as it begins to move down slope over the soil surfae. A year after the fire on the Boise Front, signifiant rilling was observed following a short intense thunderstorm that flooded the town of Boise, daho. n Denio, signifiant rilling was observed on the burn following numerous rapid snow melt events during the winter following the fire. As a relative measure of how a burned hillslope responds to onentrated overland flow, varying rates of water were released at points on the landsape and the rate of disharge (l/min) was measured at 4 m down slope (Figure 3). At a release rate of 7 l/min, no water reahed 4 m on the unburned sites. An average of 2 l/min reahed 4 m on the burned sites after the fire and was nearly zero after one growing season. At a flow rate of 12 l/min, water was just beginning to reah 4 m on the unburned sites, while the burned sites flowed at over 4.5 l/min after the fire. Flow delined to less than 1 l/min on the burn after two growing seasons. At a release rate of 15 l/min, the unburned sites flowed at less than 0.3 l/min on the unburned sites. Flow on the burned sites dramatially inreased to over 8 l/min after the burn and still flowed at 2 l/min after two growing seasons of vegetation reovery. The First nterageny Conferene on Researh in the Watersheds, Otober 2003, Benson, AZ 3
4 Erosion Figure 3. Rill disharge rate for burned and unburned sites on the Denio Fire, Nevada. Vegetation, litter, roks and other forms of ground over reate barriers that slow and spread water movement aross the soil surfae allowing more time for water to infiltrate over a larger surfae area. Fire removes most of these barriers and allows the water to onentrate into rills where flow depth and veloity inrease. This signifiantly dereases runoff response time and inreases the runoff volume delivered to the bottom of a hillslope and into a stream hannel. After the Denio fire, nearly all the soil ground over was removed exposing over 95% bare ground ompared to less than 5% bare ground on the unburned sites (Figure 4). t took two growing seasons and three winters for litter aumulation to redue the amount of bare ground on the burned sites to near 50% (Figure 4). A ground over of 60% is often used to gauge adequate hydrologi protetion of a site (Gifford 1985, Robihaud 2000a). These results indiate that while 50% vegetation and litter over does indue a signifiant redution in overland flow, the site is not yet fully proteted ompared to unburned onditions. Fire had far greater impat on rill erosion ompared to interrill erosion. nterrill erosion was relatively low for all burned and unburned mirosites after both fires. The only signifiant fire effet observed was for burned oppie mirosites on the Denio fire (Table 1). To examine the impat of the fire on rill erosion, the sediment onentration of the rill disharge olleted 4 m down slope was used as a relative index to ompare burned and unburned sites (Figure 5). No measurable sediment was olleted on the unburned sites at any of the flow rates applied. At a flow rate of 7 l/min, over 175 g/l of sediment were measured after the Denio fire and dropped to zero after two vegetation growing seasons. At a flow rate of 12 l/min, over 110 g/l of sediment were measured for the burned sites after the fire and near 10 g/l of sediment were measured after two growing seasons. At a flow rate of 15 l/min, burned sites exhibited sediment onentrations of over 75 g/l after the burn and less than 10 g/l after two growing seasons. The observed deline in post-fire sediment onentrations as the rill flow rates inreased was due to the rills beoming armored. Rills beame sediment limited as the detahable sediment was removed by lower flow rates. Figure 5. Rill sediment onentration for burned and unburned sites on the Denio Fire, Nevada. 4 Figure 4. Ground over for burned and unburned sites on the Denio Fire, Nevada. The veloity of the water flowing in a rill is diretly related to its ability to detah and arry sediment. As an example, the rill veloity at the 15 l/min release rate for the unburned sites was onsistently under 0.05 m/s throughout the study (Figure 6). Suh a veloity is apparently insuffiient to detah and arry sediment down slope in a fully proteted system with high ground over of vegetation and
5 Table 1. Hydrologi and erosion variables for the Boise Front and Denio study sites. Values aross a row followed by different letters are signifiantly different (p<0.05). Burned Burned Unburned Unburned Coppie nterspae Coppie nterspae Final nfiltration Rate (mm hr -1 ) Boise Front, D 54.2a 60.4a 64.7a 53.7a Denio, NV 55.5ab 60.0a 55.9ab 40.4b Water Repelleny ndex (%) Boise Front, D 16.3a 16.1a 3.3b 17.3a Denio, NV 32.2a 11.6b 5.3b 9.4b Time to Runoff (min) Boise Front, D 2.5b 4.3a 5.4a 2.1b Denio, NV 1.8b 2.0ab 3.0a 2.0ab Time to Peak Runoff (min) Boise Front, D 12.4a 12.8a 14.0a 13.6a Denio, NV 5.6a 5.5a 7.8a 6.3a Sediment/ Runoff Ratio (kg ha -1 mm -1 ) Boise Front, D 3.5a 3.8a 1.2a 0.9a Denio, NV 13.6a 8.7ab 5.1b 6.4b litter. The veloity for burned sites was near 0.21 m/s after the burn and delined to m/s after two growing seasons. This indiates that a veloity of m/s an still ause rill erosion in a system proteted by only 50% ground over. to keep in mind that these systems have a ertain degree of natural water repelleny when they are extremely dry. This an onfuse and onfound the assessment of fire-indued water repelleny often inventoried and used after wildfires to determine the need for post-fire mitigation. n general, the greatest impat of the fire is not on infiltration, but on overland flow dynamis and rill erosion. Whether burned or unburned, these types of sites are going to rapidly generate runoff under intense rainfall. The impat of the fire is that it leaves sites devoid of barriers to slow and store runoff one it begins to move. The water then onentrates and inreases in veloity resulting in greater erosive energy. Water moves more rapidly down slope and ultimately into stream hannels potentially ausing downstream flood damage. Figure 6. Rill flow veloity for a rill flow rate of 15 l/min for burned and unburned sites on the Denio Fire, Nevada. mpliations The results of these studies provide a relative index of the inreased risk of runoff and erosion and the rate of hydrologi reovery following fire in oarsetextured sagebrush dominated systems. Fire in these systems an indue signifiant water repelleny, partiularly in areas dominated by shrubs with large aumulations of litter to fuel the intensity of the fire and provide the hydrophobi substanes neessary to reate water repellent soils. However, it is important Future Researh The natural fire yle of many rangeland eosystems has been disrupted by past management and fire suppression ativities. The result has been a dramati inrease in atastrophi wildfires aross the western United States over the past deade. To redue the threat of wildfire and return these eosystems to a healthy state means to return them to a natural fire yle. The NWRC in addition to the work on the hydrologi impats of wildfire has established a long-term presribed fire researh program on RCEW in southwest daho. The goals of the researh program are to: Determine the shortand long-term effets of presribed fire on runoff, erosion, water quality and vegetation and forage in The First nterageny Conferene on Researh in the Watersheds, Otober 2003, Benson, AZ 5
6 rangeland eosystems; develop pre-fire assessments for prediting post-fire soil, vegetation and hydrologi responses; and investigate interations of presribe fire and grazing for reduing the threat of wildfire. The NWRC intends to transfer researh findings through deision support tools to help managers determine the risk of wildfire, to explore options for reduing suh risk through the use of presribed fire, and to predit post-fire impats and optimize rehabilitation strategies. Referenes Branson, F.A., G.F. Gifford, K.G. Renard, and R.F. Hadley Rangeland hydrology, 2 nd edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, A. DeBano, L.F Water repellent soils: a state of the art. USDA Paifi Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Sta. Gen. Teh. Report PSW-46, Berkeley,CA. DeBano, L.F., J.F. Osborn, J.S. Krammes, and J. Letey, Jr Soil wetability and wetting agents: our urrent knowledge of the problem. USDA Forest Servie Res. Paper. Paifi Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Sta.PSW-43, Berkeley, CA. DeBano, L.F., and R.M. Rie Water-repellent soils: their impliations in forestry. Journal of Forestry. 71: Gifford, G.F Cover alloation in rangeland watershed management (a review). n B. Jones and T. Ward eds., Watershed Management in the Eighties, Denver, CO, April 30 May 1, 1985., pp Amerian Soiety of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. Knight, R.W., W.H. Blakburn, and C.J. Sifres nfiltration rates and sediment prodution following herbiide/fire brush treatments. Journal of Range Management. 36: Pierson, F.B., S.S. Van Vator, W.H. Blakburn, and J.C. Wood norporating small sale spatial variability into preditions of hydrologi response on sagebrush rangelands. Soil Siene of Ameria Speial Publiation #38. p Soil Siene Soiety of Ameria, n. Madison, W. Pierson, F.B., P.R. Robihaud, and K.E. Spaeth Spatial and temporal effets of wildfire on the hydrology of a steep rangeland watershed. Hydrologi Proesses. 15: Pierson, F.B., D.H. Carlson, and K.E. Spaeth mpats of wildfire on soil hydrologial properties of a steep sagebrush-steppe rangeland. nternational Journal of Wildland Fire. 11: Robihaud, P.R. 2000a. Fire effets on infiltration rates after presribed fire in northern roky mountain forest, USA. Journal of Hydrology : Robihaud, P.R. 2000b. Forest fire effets on hillslope erosion: what we know. Watershed Management Counil Networker, Winter 2000, Davis, CA. Wilox, B.P., M.K. Wood, and J.M. Tromble Fators influening infiltrability of semiarid mountain slopes. Journal of Range Management. 41: Wright, H.A., and A.W. Bailey Fire eology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. Wright, H.A., F.M. Churhill, and W.C. Clark Soil loss, runoff, and water quality of seeded and unseeded steep watersheds following presribed burning. Journal of Range Management. 35: Meyer, L.D., and W.C. Harmon Multipleintensity rainfall simulator for erosion researh on row sideslopes. Trans. Amerian Soiety of Agriultural Engineers. 22:
GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS AWRA SUMMER SPECULLTP CONF~NCR CZ-I PDG- ANALYSIS OF INFILTRATED STREAM WATER TO A PUMPING WELL
JULY 1-3 GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER NTERACTONS AWRA SUMMER SPECULLTP CONF~NCR 22 32 CZ- PDG- ANALYSS OF NFLTRATED STREAM WATER TO A PUMPNG WELL Xunhong Chen' and Xi Chen' ABSTRACT: Pumping of groundwater
More informationTime of Grazing and Cattle-Induced Damage to Stream banks 1
This file was reated by sanning the printed publiation. Errors identified by the software have been orreted; however, some errors may remain. Time of Grazing and Cattle-ndued Damage to Stream banks 1 Clayton
More informationEnergy Savings from Increased Preventive Maintenance on Indiana Highways
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 112 27 Energy Savings from Inreased Preventive Maintenane on Indiana Highways EssAM A. SHARAF AND KuMARES C. SINHA In this paper are desribed the development of trade-off
More informationEcological Site Descriptions and Hydrologic Assessment
Ecological Site Descriptions and Hydrologic Assessment Frederick B. Pierson Research Leader and Rangeland Hydrologist USDA Agricultural Research Service Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, Idaho
More informationCharacterization of Cranberry Decline in British Columbia Cranberry Beds RESEARCH REPORT, December 2015
Charaterization of Cranberry Deline in British Columbia Cranberry Beds RESEARCH REPORT, Deember 201 Projet Coordinator: Dr. Rebea Harbut, KPU CO-PIs: Dr. Peter Oudemons, Rutgers University Dr. Les Lavkulih,
More informationProject Summary Determination of Capillary Pressure-Saturation Curves Involving TCE, Water and Air for a Sand and a Sandy Clay Loam
United States Environmental Protetion Ageny Researh and Development Robert S. Kerr Environmental Researh Laboratory Ada, OK 70 EPA/00/SR-9/005 Marh 99 Projet Summary Determination of Capillary Pressure-Saturation
More informationExperiment Station. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences
Tehnial Bulletin TB06-03 August 2006 Ag riultural Experiment Station College of Agriultural Sienes Department of Soil and Crop Sienes Western Colorado Researh Center Organi Alternatives for Weed Control
More informationCorrosion of reinforcing steel is widely accepted as the
Strength eterioration of Reinfored Conrete Columns Exposed to Chloride Attak R. Greo, G.C. Marano Abstrat This paper fouses on reinfored onrete olumns load arrying apaity degradation over time due to hloride
More informationAlternative Skid Trail Retirement Options for Steep Terrain Logging
2001 Counil on Forest Engineering (COFE) Conferene Proeedings: Appalahian Hardwoods: Managing Change Alternative Skid Trail Retirement Options for Steep Terrain Logging Mathew F. Smidt Assistant Professor
More informationEconomic Assessment of Intensive Culture
Reprodued from JOURNAL OF FORESTRY, Vol. 76, No. 11, November 1978, by the FOREST SERVICE, U.S. Department of Agriulture, for offiial use. About This File:,. lhis file was reated by sanning the printed
More informationENHANCEMENT OF MASS TRANSFER IN SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD
Journal of the University of Chemial Niola Tehnology Shoilevand Metallurgy, 40, 4, 2005, 329-334 ENHANCEMENT OF MASS TRANSFER IN SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD M. Savova 1, H. Bart 2,
More informationRunoff and Erosion from Hydrophobic Forest Soils During Simulated Rainfall
Runoff and Erosion from Hydrophobic Forest Soils During Simulated Rainfall Item Type text; Proceedings Authors DeBano, Leonard F.; Baker, Malchus B., Jr. Publisher Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science Journal
More informationThe Effect of Texture on the Serrated Flow in Peak-Aged 2090 Al-Li Alloy
Solid State Phenomena Vol. 105 (2005) pp. 227-232 online at http://www.sientifi.net 2005 Trans Teh Publiations, Switzerland The Effet of Texture on the Serrated Flow in Peak-Aged 2090 Al-Li Alloy Y.Z.
More informationWAER QUALITY CAPTURE VOLUME FOR STORMWATER BMP and LID DESIGNS
Guo, James C. Y. Urbonas, B. and MaKenzie K. (2012) Water Quality Capture Volume for LID and BMP Designs, HEENG- 1539, aepted for publiation on ASCE J of Hydrologi Engineering, Ot, 2012 WAER QUALITY CAPTURE
More informationPermanent Link:
Citation: Boswell, Brian and Chandratilleke, Tilak. 2009. Sustainable Metal Cutting, in TIC-STH ommittee (ed), 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conferene Siene and Tehnology for Humanity, Sep 26 2009. Ryerson
More informationTopp, Claus; Nielsen, Peter V.; Heiselberg, Per; Sparks, L. E. ; Howard, E. M. ; Mason, M.
Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: Marh 8, 219 Aalborg Universitet Experiments on Evaporative Emissions in Ventilated Rooms Topp, Claus; Nielsen, Peter V.; Heiselberg, Per; Sparks, L. E. ; Howard, E. M. ;
More informationSystem Dynamics Optimisation Approach to Irrigation Demand Management
Bureau of Meteorology From the SeletedWorks of Amgad Elmahdi 2005 System Dynamis Optimisation Approah to Irrigation Demand Management Amgad ELMAHDI Hetor Malano Teri Ethells Shahbaz khan Available at:
More informationQuantifying Variable Rainfall Intensity Events on Seasonal Runoff and Sediment Losses from Strip and Conventionally Tilled Peanuts
Quantifying Variable Rainfall Intensity Events on Seasonal Runoff and Sediment Losses from Strip and Conventionally Tilled Peanuts C.C. Truman 1 *, T.L. Potter 1, and R.C. Nuti 2 ABSTRACT The majority
More informationLOW FREQUENCY BUCKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL STEAM TURBINES by
LOW FREQUENCY BUCKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL STEAM TURBINES by Firm L. Weaver Engineering Consultant Sun City Center, Florida Firm L. Weaver graduated from Roanoke Coll ege, in Salem, Virginia, with a B.S. degree
More information~ Early Life
Measurements and reporting systems are established Suessful validation of the deployment triggers the launh of Early Life Support (ELS). 6.0 Deploy & Verify - Q)... E Q) t1 Ol Change.r::: t1 0 t1 (jj Ol
More informationCold regions hydrology, snow, and PUB
Preditions in Ungauged Basins: PUB Kik-o (Proeedings o the PUB Kik-o meeting held in Brasilia, 2 22 November 22). IAH Publ. 39, 27. 85 Cold regions hydrology, snow, and PUB JOHN POMEROY Centre or Hydrology,
More informationAnalysing effects of climate change and forestry management on water yield using conceptual models
Man's Influene on Freshwater Eosystems and Water Use (Proeedings of a Boulder Symposium, July 1995). IAHS Publ. no. 230, 1995. 237 Analysing effets of limate hange and forestry management on water yield
More informationGenerating Light from Stoves using a Thermoelectric Generator
Generating Light from Stoves using a Thermoeletri Generator Dan Mastbergen, dmast@engr.olostate.edu Dr. Bryan Willson, Bryan.Willson@olostate.edu Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory Department of
More informationWATER WITHIN LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND ITS RELATION TO AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE
WATER WITHIN LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND ITS RELATION TO AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE S.A. Kristiawan Department of Civil Eng.Sebelas Maret University, e-mail: sa_kristiawan@uns.a.id Senot Sangadji Department
More informationA Capillary Pressure Model for Geothermal Reservoirs
Geothermal Resoures Counil Transations, Vol. 26, September 2002 A Capillary ressure Model for Geothermal Reservoirs Kewen Li and Roland N. Horne Stanford Geothermal rogram, Stanford University (kewenli@stanford.edu)
More informationThe Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Economic Growth and Poverty in Zambia
The Impat of Climate Variability and Change on Eonomi Growth and Poverty in Zambia James Thurlow, Tingju Zhu and Xinshen Diao 1 International Food Poliy Researh Institute Deember 2008 1 We are grateful
More informationEffect of Variation of Fuel Composition on Gas Turbine Off-Design Performance
Applied Mehanis and Materials Submitted: 2014-08-28 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 666, pp 194-198 Aepted: 2014-08-28 doi:10.4028/www.sientifi.net/amm.666.194 Online: 2014-10-20 2014 Trans Teh Publiations, Switzerland
More informationResilient Properties of Laboratory Compacted Subgrade Soils
TRANSPORTATON RESEARCH RECORD 154 87 Resilient Properties of Laboratory Compated Subgrade Soils LOUAY N. MOHAMMAD, ANAND J. PUPPALA, AND PRASAD ALAVLL The subgrade of road bed soils is generally onstruted
More informationCharacteristics of fabricated soil for landscape rehabilitation: The four crop test for biological activity
(2): 79-85, 2008 istanbul Kultur University, Printed in Turkey www.advmolbiol.org Charateristis of fabriated soil for landsape rehabilitation: The four rop test for biologial ativity Valentin Kefeli 1
More informationMinimization of water and chemical usage in the cleaning in place process of a milk pasteurization plant
Songklanakarin J. Si. Tehnol. 33 (4), 431-440, Jul. - Aug. 2011 http://www.sjst.psu.a.th Original Artile Minimization of water and hemial usage in the leaning in plae proess of a milk pasteurization plant
More informationPHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN STEEL DURING RAPID HEAT TREATMENT
PHASE TRANSFORMATONS N STEEL DURNG RAPD HEAT TREATMENT 1. PROHASZKA nstitute of Mehanial Tehnology and Materials Siene, Tehnial University, H-1521 Budapest Reeived April 19, 1987 Abstrat Phase transformations
More information20 questions on genetically modified foods
Page 1 of 6 Searh All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topis Publiations Data and statistis Programmes and projets Food Safety Zoonoses Mirobiologial risks Chemial risks Biotehnology
More informationComputer Simulation for Integrated Pest Management of Spruce Budworms
Paifi Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Researh Paper PSW 159 Computer Simulation for ntegrated Pest Management of Sprue Budworms Carroll B. Williams, Jr. Patrik J. Shea Authors: CARROLL B.
More informationReview Drinking Water Contamination and Its Effects on Human Health
International Journal of Researh (IJR) e-issn: 248-6848, p- ISSN: 248-795X Volume 2, Issue 12, Deember 2015 Available at http://internationaljournalofresearh.org Review Drinking Water Contamination and
More informationDegradation of Dense Aggregate Gradings
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1228 73 Degradation of Dense Aggregate Gradings BALA SuBRAMANYAM AND Mowu P. PRATAPA As the degradation of aggregates affets the properties of bituminous onrete, various
More informationProposal for a new shear design method
Chapter 6 Proposal for a new shear design method The behaviour of beams failing in shear has been studied in the previous hapters, with speial attention paid to high-strength onrete beams. Some aspets
More informationConsiderations and Development of the Hydrologic Function Section in Rangeland ESD s. K.E. Spaeth USDA-NRCS, Fort Worth, Tx
Considerations and Development of the Hydrologic Function Section in Rangeland ESD s K.E. Spaeth USDA-NRCS, Fort Worth, Tx Hydrologic Cycle Solar radiation Management Precipitation dynamics Evapotranspiration
More informationFatigue and Creep-Fatigue Testing of Bellows at Elevated Temperature
S. Yamamoto K. Isobe S. Ohte Mehanial Engineering Laboratory, Researh and Development Center. N. Tanaka S. Ozaki Nulear Engineering Laboratory, Nulear Energy Group. K. Kimura Advaned Reator Engineering
More informationFull Scale Load Testing of Selected RG4 Supporting Beam
Full Sale Load Testing of Seleted RG4 Supporting Beam BPEX PROJECT Maptaphut, Rayong Final Report by Civil and Environmental Engineering Design and Consulting Servie Mahidol University Applied and Tehnologial
More informationComputer applications for selecting operating parameters in a stationary grain crop thresher
Journal of Agriultural Tehnology 011 Vol. 7(1): 39-56 Journal of Available Agriultural online Tehnology http://www.ijat-rmutto.om 011 Vol. 7(1): 39-56 ISSN 1686-9141 Computer appliations for seleting operating
More informationInternational Journal of Research (IJR) e-issn: , p- ISSN: X Volume 3, Issue 01, January 2016
International Journal of Researh (IJR) Available at http://internationaljournalofresearh.org Study of failure probability by deterministi method reliability-strength applied to metal ables intended for
More informationPore-level Influence of Contact Angle on Fluid Displacements In Porous Media
Pore-level Influene of Contat Angle on Fluid Displaements In Porous Media H.A. Akhlaghi Amiri * University of Stavanger (UiS), Department of Petroleum Engineering, 4036 Stavanger, Norway *Corresponding
More informationWe re bottom-line smart.
Somewhere in the mid-east, a major oil ompany is using our independent, tehnology assessment of projet ativities that will aelerate their time-to-ompletion. We re bottom-line smart. Carmagen Engineering
More informationDetection of empty grate regions in firing processes using infrared cameras
11 th International Conferene on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Detetion of empty grate regions in firing proesses using infrared ameras by J. Matthes*, P. Waibel* and H.B. Keller* *Institute for Applied
More informationEnergy Saving Opportunities through Heat Recovery from Cement Processing Kilns: A Case Study
Energy Saving Opportunities through Heat Reovery from Cement Proessing Kilns: A Case Study I. I. AL-HINTI a, A. AL-GHANDOOR b, A. AL-NAJI, M. ABU-KHASHABEH, M. JOUDEH, M. AL-HATTAB a Department of Mehanial
More informationMODELING FLEXIBLE PACKAGE/GRANULAR MATERIAL INTERATION THROUGH COMBINATION OF DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD (DEM) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM)
MODELING FLEXIBLE PACKAGE/GRANULAR MATERIAL INTERATION THROUGH COMBINATION OF DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD (DEM) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) Wenbo Xu, Pavan Valavala, Mark Mirgon, Sam Crabtree, Lori Kardos,
More informationComputational Fluid Dynamics and Building Energy Performance Simulation Nielsen, Peter Vilhelm; Tryggvason, Tryggvi
Aalborg Universitet Computational Fluid Dynamis and Building Energy Performane Simulation Nielsen, Peter Vilhelm; Tryggvason, Tryggvi Publiation date: 1998 Doument Version Publisher's PDF, also known as
More informationConditioned defensive burying in rats free to escape
Animal Learning & Behavior 1980, 8(3),447-451 Conditioned defensive burying in rats free to esape JOHN P. J. PINEL, DALLAS TREIT, FERIAL LADAK, and A. J. MaLENNAN University ofbritish Columbia, Vanouver,
More informationLaboratory Investigation of Properties of Asphalt-Rubber Concrete Mixtures
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1417 93 Laboratory Investigation of Properties of Asphalt-Rubber Conrete Mixtures TAISIR S. l
More informationTHE PARAMETERS OF CLEANING A CIP SYSTEM AFFECTED
Chemial and Proess Engineering 017, 38 (1), 111-10 DOI: 11515/pe-017-0009 THE PARAMETERS OF CLEANING A CIP SYSTEM AFFECTED ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF THE PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER Joanna
More informationDETERMINATION OF TRANSITION RATES FOR THE ENERGY BIOMASS CALCULATIONS IN SPRUCE STANDS IN LATVIA
Austro2007/FORMEC 07: Meeting the Needs of Tomorrows Forests New Developments in Forest Engineering, Otober 7 11, 2007, Vienna and Heiligenkreuz Austria DETERMINATION OF TRANSITION RATES FOR THE ENERGY
More informationWATER USE EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED SUGARCANE AS AFFECTED BY ROW SPACING AND VARIETY
WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED SUGARCANE AS AFFECTED BY ROW SPACING AND VARIETY F OLIVIER and A SINGELS South Afrian Sugar Assoiation Experiment Station, P/Bag X02, Mount Edgeombe, 4300, South Afria
More informationEffect of Curing on Durability of Fly Ash Concrete
TRANSPORTATION RSARCH RCORD 1458 99 ffet of Curing on Durability of Fly Ash Conrete M..A. THOMAS AND J. D. MATTHWS Findings of a 5-year laboratory investigation on the effet of uring on the durability
More informationPage 1 of 6 Searh All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topis Publiations Data and statistis Programmes and projets Food Safety Zoonoses Mirobiologial risks Chemial risks Biotehnology
More informationBPSC Main Exam 2019 ASSISTANT ENGINEER
DETAILED OLUTION Test Centres: Delhi, Noida, yderabad, Bhopal, Jaipur, Luknow, Bhubaneswar, Indore, Pune, Kolkata, Patna BPC Main Exam 09 AITANT ENGINEER CIVIL ENGINEERING Test Objetive Paper-II ANWER
More informationNano and microhardness testing of heterogeneous structures
85 ISSN 1392 1207. MECANIKA. 2016 Volume 22(2): 85 89 Nano and mirohardness testing of heterogeneous strutures S. Baskutis*, V. Vasauskas**, A. Žunda*** *Kaunas University of Tehnology, Studentų str. 56,
More informationKeywords: Greenhouse; Thermal performance; Water pipes heating; Infrared radiation; Energy balance; Heating efficiency
International Symposium Greensys 7 "High Tehnology for Greenhouse system Management" Naples Italy, 4-6 Otober 7 Investigation of the Potential of Infrared-radiation (IR) to Redue Energy Consumption in
More informationSTUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FLY ASH GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Tehnology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 3, Marh 2017, pp. 950 957 Artile ID: IJCIET_08_03_095 Available online at http://www.iaeme.om/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=3
More informationSeismic Fragility Assessment of Transmission Towers via Performance-based Analysis
Seismi Fragility Assessment of Transmission Towers via Performane-based Analysis Liyu XIE, Jue TANG, Hesheng TANG & Qiang XIE Institute of Strutural Engineering and Disaster Redution, College of Civil
More informationFlexibility of Strategy in High-Tech Enterprises
Soure: A. Zakrzewska Bielawska, Flexibility of strategy in high-teh enterprises [w:] M. Zhang (red., Eonomis, Business and Management. International Proeedings of Eonomis Development and Researh Vol. Flexibility
More informationBuildup Factors Calculation for a 1-MeV Point Isotropic Source in Iron, Concrete, and. Water. Skyler Butler, Maria Pinilla
Buildup Fators Calulation for a 1-MeV Point Isotropi Soure in Iron, Conrete, and Water Skyler Butler, Maria Pinilla Abstrat This experiment alulates the buildup fators for 1-MeV point isotropi soure of
More informationEffect of agricultural and industrial wastes on the physicochemical properties of a sandy clay loam soil
International Journal of Applied Agriultural Researh ISSN 0973-2683 Volume 7, Number 3 (2012) pp. 187-196 Researh India Publiations http://www.ripubliation.om/ijaar.htm Effet of agriultural and industrial
More informationContinuous temperature measurements on the pouring stand for casting moulds
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Aademy of Sienes ISSN (897-330) Volume 8 Issue /008 75 80 5/ Continuous temperature measurements
More informationNo. 20 WORKING PAPER SERIES IN ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION ON UNILATERAL INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE NADJA TRHAL
No. 0 U N I V E R S I T Y O F C O L O G N E WORKING PAPER SERIES IN ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION ON UNILATERAL INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE NADJA TRHAL Department of Eonomis University of Cologne Albertus-Magnus-Platz
More informationHydrology, Erosion, Plant, and Soil Relationships after Rangeland Wildfire
Hydrology, Erosion, Plant, and Soil Relationships after Rangeland Wildfire Kenneth E. Spaeth 1 Frederick B. Pierson 2 Peter R. Robichaud 3 Corey A. Moffet 4 Abstract: Wildfire is an important ecological
More informationA Novel and More Efficient Way to Grind Punching Tools
A Novel and More Effiient Way to Grind Punhing Tools P. Krajnik 1,, R. Drazumeri, J. A. Badger 3, C. M. Niolesu 1, J. Kopa 1 KTH Royal Institute of Tehnology, Prodution Engineering, Stokholm, Seden University
More informationTests on Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Pre-stressing and with Transverse Reinforcement under Impact Loading
20th International Conferene on Strutural Mehanis in Reator Tehnology (SMiRT 20) Espoo, Finland, August 9-14, 2009 SMiRT 20-Division 5, Paper 2015 Tests on Reinfored Conrete Slabs with Pre-stressing and
More informationEnvironmental and Engineering Properties of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum
14 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1424 Environmental and Engineering Properties of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum RAMZI TAHA As a result of sulfur oxides (SOx) emissions ontrol for power plants burning
More informationFeed-Time Distribution in Pneumatic Feeding of Softwood Seedlings
Journal of Forest Engineering 49 FeedTime Distribution in Pneumati Feeding of Softwood Seedlings Ulf Hallonborg The Forestry Researh Institute of Sweden Uppsala, Sweden ABSTRACT Long seedling feed times
More informationProduction, Prices, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest Industries, All Quarters 2002
United States Department of Agriulture Forest Servie Paifi Northwest Researh Station Resoure Bulletin PNW-RB-241 Marh 2004 Prodution, Pries, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest Industries, All Quarters
More informationCamber Variability in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Beams
CONCRETE BRIDGE TECHNOLOGY Camber Variability in Prestressed Conrete Bridge Beams by Dr. Maher Tadros, econstrut Beams ast with extra amber in storage yard at Conrete Tehnology Corporation; amber shown
More informationOptimizing the Allocation of Marketing Promotional Contacts
Optimizing the Alloation of Marketing Promotional Contats Keith Hermiz, Ph.D., IBM Helene Miller, IBM Dhanesh Padmanabhan, Marketis Tehnologies Abstrat The typial marketing environment in the business-to-business
More informationArchitecture of an ERP System Supporting Project-Oriented Management
Arhiteture of an ERP System Supporting Projet-Oriented Management Willy Piard and Grzegorz Wojiehowski Department of Information Tehnology The Poznań University of Eonomis ul. Mansfelda 4 60-854 Poznań,
More informationCHAPTER 3 FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENTS OF MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINKS
66 CHAPTER 3 FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENTS OF MICROCHANNEL HEAT SINKS 3.1 OVERVIEW In this hapter, fabriation of slitting saw type plain milling utters (of various dimensions) and form type slotter shaping
More informationLearning about. Chapter 2 Rainforests. 1 Describe the location of the world s tropical rainforests using latitude.
53 1 Desribe the loation of the world s tropial rainforests using latitude. 2 What perentage of the Earth s surfae is overed by tropial rainforests? 3 Refer to [2.2]: a Whih area of the world has the greatest
More informationSmall Urban Watershed Use of Hydrologic Procedures
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECOR 1471 47 Small Urban Watershed Use of Hydrologi Proedures VERNON K. HAGEN The Federal Interageny Hydrology has published douments on flood frequeny for gauged and ungauged
More informationSystems & Services Certification SGS 53,000, 1000
CSR July 28, 2009 SGS Systems & Servies Certifiation SGS SGS SGS 1878 SGS 140 53,000, 1000 - Europe, Middle East & Afria: 24 400 employees - Amerias: 12 100 employees - Asia/Paifi: 16 500 employees SGS,
More informationMathematical Modeling of Crown Forest Fire Spread
Open Journal of Forestry 0. Vol., No., 7- Published Online January 0 in Sies (http://www.sip.org/ournal/of) http://dx.doi.org/0.46/of.0.00 Mathematial Modeling of Crown Forest Fire Spread Valeriy Perminov
More informationPrestressed Concrete Pavement: Instrumentation, Behavior, and Analysis of Horizontal Movements
38 TRANSPORTATION RSARCH RCORD 1286 Prestressed Conrete Pavement: Instrumentation, Behavior, and Analysis of Horizontal Movements LLIOTT DAVID MANDL, ND H. BURNS, AND B. FRANK MCULLOUGH The long-term work
More informationSuggested Changes to NZS3101:2006 with Amendments 1 and 2
1 Suggested Changes to NZS3101:2006 with Amendments 1 and 2 Rihard Fenwik and Dene Cook Introdution NZS 3101: 2006 Conrete Strutures Standard is a design ode published by Standards New Zealand. Sine the
More informationESTIMATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF THE OXIDE SCALES. Jozef HRABOVSKÝ, Petr LOŠÁK, Jaroslav HORSKÝ
ESTIMATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF THE OXIDE SCALES Jozef HRABOVSKÝ, Petr LOŠÁK, Jaroslav HORSKÝ Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory, Faulty of Mehanial Engineering, VUT Brno, Tehniká 2, 616 69 Brno,
More information2017 Soybean Cover Crop Trial
2017 Soybean Cover Crop Trial Dr. Heather Darby, UVM Extension Agronomist Sara Ziegler, Eria Cummings, Abha Gupta, and Lindsey Ruhl UVM Extension Crops and Soils Tehniians (802) 524-6501 Visit us on the
More informationTRANSLATION OF MEASURED VEHICULAR WEIGHTS INTO DESIGN LOADS TO BE USED FOR BRIDGE ENGINEERING
7th International Symposium on Heavy Vehile Weights & Dimensions Delft. The Netherlands. June 16-2.22 TRANSLATION OF MEASURED VEHICULAR WEIGHTS INTO DESIGN LOADS TO BE USED FOR BRIDGE ENGINEERING ABSTRACT
More informationCost Optimization of Elasticity Cloud Resource Subscription Policy
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPU TING, MANUSCRIPT ID 1 Cost Optimization of Elastiity Cloud Resoure Subsription Poliy Ren-Hung Hwang 1, Chung-Nan Lee 2, Yi-Ru Chen 1, Da-Jing Zhang-Jian 2 1 Dept. of
More informationEffects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Practices on Wheat
Journal of Integrative Agriulture Advane Online Publiation 2014 Doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60867-4 Effets of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Praties on Wheat Yields and N 2 O Emissions from Wheat
More informationBIOLOGY. BrightRED Study Guide BIOLOGY. Margaret Cook and Fred Thornhill. BrightRED Study Guides. Curriculum for Excellence. Curriculum for Excellence
Curriulum for Exellene Margaret Cook and Fred Thornhill Contains all of the essential ourse information, arranged in easily digestible topis. Don t forget! pointers offer advie on key fats and on how to
More informationEuropean Regulations For Multilayer Food Contact Materials. Dr. Hermann Onusseit Henkel KGaA Düsseldorf, Germany ABSTRACT
European Regulations For Multilayer Food Contat Materials Dr. Hermann Onusseit Henkel KGaA Düsseldorf, Germany ABSTRACT Artiles and failities whih ome into ontat with food are subjet to speial demands.
More informationSimulation of Phosphorus Transport in Vegetative Filter Strips. Dowon Lee. Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the
Simulation of Phosphorus Transport in Vegetative Filter Strips by Dowon Lee Dissertation submitted to the Faulty of the Virginia Polytehni Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements
More informationREVENUE SHARING CONTRACT OR WHOLESALE PRICE CONTRACT? ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM VARIOUS CHANNEL POWER ARRANGEMENTS IN A TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN
REVENUE SHARING CONTRACT OR WHOLESALE PRICE CONTRACT? ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM VARIOUS CHANNEL POWER ARRANGEMENTS IN A TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN n, College of Business, Washington State University, Wilson Road,
More informationAvailable online at (Elixir International Journal) Civil Engineering. Elixir Civil Engg. 80 (2015)
30 Alireza Arabameri / Elixir Civil Engg. 80 (0) 30-308 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.om (Elixir International Journal) Civil Engineering Elixir Civil Engg. 80 (0) 30-308 Appliation of One of
More informationProduction, Prices, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest Industries, All Quarters 2003
United States Department of Agriulture Forest Servie Paifi Northwest Researh Station Resoure Bulletin PNW-RB-247 April 2005 Prodution, Pries, Employment, and Trade in Northwest Forest Industries, All Quarters
More informationBiological Performance of Potato Tuber Moth on Leaves of Tomatoes
iologial Performane of Potato Tuber Moth on Leaves of Tomatoes 1 Ethiopian Institute of Agriultural Researh, P.O. ox 23, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2 Faulty of Agriultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sienes,
More informationInfluence of Loading Type, Specimen Size, and Fiber Content on Flexural Toughness of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1458 39 Influene of Loading Type, Speimen Size, and Fiber Content on Flexural Toughness of Fiber-Reinfored Conrete V. RAMAKRISHNAN AND SATYA S. YALAMANCHI Results of an experimental
More informationbuilding, and these researh results indiated that it is the double orner reession modifiation that redues RMS of aross-wind aerodynami fore by 40%, al
The Seventh International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamis and Appliations (BBAA7) Shanghai, China; September 2-6, 2012 Effets of orner reession modifiation on aerodynami oeffiients of square tall
More informationOptimizing Traffic Diversion Around Bottlenecks
22 Optimizing Traffi Diversion Around Bottleneks YI-CHIN HU and PAUL SCHONFELD ABSTR.CT A traffi simulation and optimization model has been developed to analyze traffi flow in large networks with severe
More informationPlant Species Composition Patterns with Differences in Tree Dominance on a Southwestern Utah Pinon-Juniper Site
This file was reated by sanning the printed publiation. Errors identified by the software have been orreted; however, some errors may remain. Plant Speies Composition Patterns with Differenes in Tree Dominane
More informationLaboratory Correlation Study of Near-Surface Response Parameters
66 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 139 Laboratory Correlation Study of Near-Surfae Response Parameters DAVID. KRAFT, RAYMOND K. MOORE, AND J. DEAN GROB A laboratory srudy was performed to investigme the
More informationModuSec. Secure and efficient IT room solutions Composite Panel Systems Compared. Panel Systems are not all the same!
ModuSe Seure and effiient IT room solutions Composite Panel Systems Compared Panel Systems are not all the same! When it omes to aommodating ritial IT systems, the first issue to look at is the environment
More informationY-Screening and Direct Amplification of Sexual Assault Evidence Kit Samples. October 31, 2016 Presented by:
Y-Sreening and Diret Amplifiation of Sexual Assault Evidene Kit Samples Otober 31, 2016 Presented by: Anupama Gopalakrishnan, PhD Promega Corporation Amy MGukian, MSFS, F-ABC Palm Beah County Sheriff s
More informationTEMPERATURE ADAPTIVE CONTROL USING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR INJECTION MOLDING POLYMERIC PRODUCTS
5 th International Conferene Advaned Composite Materials Engineering COMAT 2014 16-17 Otober 2014, Braşov, Romania TEMPERATURE ADAPTIVE CONTROL USING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR INJECTION MOLDING POLYMERIC
More information