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1 Northern Bobwhite Conservation and Early Successional Habitat Management Blair Smyth Forest DGIF Office (434)

2 Overview Quail Population Decline What s happened? Quail Habitat Requirements What do they need vs. what we usually see Management Techniques/Habitat Restoration Steps Virginia s Quail Action Plan Private Land Biologist Program

3 Quail Population Decline 75% decline over last 40 years In VA annual decline is 3-4% Other species are declining with quail: Henslow s sparrow Grasshopper sparrow Field sparrow Brown thrasher Yellowbreasted chat

4 Decline In 1970 nearly 1/3 of license holders hunted quail. Since then over 90% of quail hunters have stopped hunting for them. Only 7% of licensed hunters hunted quail in 2005 Year Quail Harvested ,380, ,384

5 So what happened?

6 We have gone from land having areas like this

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8

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10 Quail Habitat Requirements Woody Covey Headquarters 15-25% of the landscape Nesting Cover 30% Brooding Cover 40-60%

11 Woody Cover Headquarters Consists of woody shrubs, low-growing trees, down tree structures, feathered edge. Ground cover within headquarters must be sparse. 50 ft. X 30 ft. at a minimum 1,500 sq. ft. Plum thickets, honeysuckle, and blackberry

12 Edge Feathering

13

14 Nesting Cover Ideal Nesting Cover Herbaceous cover consisting of bunch grasses with forbs and low growing shrubby cover with the last year s grass growth available (at least 12 tall) About 30% of the area Little bluestem, broomsedge, annual lespedeza, ragweed, native forbs. Near brood cover!

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18 Brooding Cover Ideal Brood Habitat Plant community (at least 40% of the area) made up of annual forbs, legumes, and weeds. Must contain bare ground (25-50% exposed soil) underneath a foliage canopy. Brood habitat will contain insects which are the most important food item for nesting hens and chicks.

19 Evaluating Quail Cover Take a look from a quail s eye view 6 tall Weighs 6.5oz. Ground Dwellers Weak foragers Key: Bare Ground

20

21 Succession

22 What is good habitat?

23 What is good habitat?

24 What is good habitat?

25 Creating Quail Habitat What do you have? Pasture Planted Pines Hardwoods Cutover

26 Habitat Management

27 Fescue Conversion Fescue grows in a thick mat, making it difficult for birds to use Conversion to native plants is possible Key is killing the fescue 2 quarts glyphosate based herbicide per acre Time of year of application is key Fall followed by a spring application is most effective *Ask your local extension agent for all herbicide recommendations

28 Native Warm Season Grass Indian grass Switchgrass Big bluestem Tall Dropseed Why NWSG? Cover Grows in bunches Seed Multiple Uses Fescue Conversion

29 Natural Succession Fescue Conversion

30

31 Fescue Conversion

32 Wildflower Meadow

33 Quail and Pollinators

34 Open Ground Management Setting back Succession Without disturbance, fields slowly turn into forests

35 Open Ground Management Prescribed Burning

36 Open Ground Management Rotational Disking

37 Managing Pines

38 Managing Pines

39 Pine Planting Balance of Timber Production and Wildlife Value Typical species is Loblolly Parts of the state suitable for Longleaf and Shortleaf Planting spacing Wider is generally better 10 X 10 Site Preparation-help control competition Site prep burn Site prep spray (careful chemical selection)

40 Pine Management

41 Pine Management

42 Thinning Pine Management

43 Pine Management Thinning Balance between Timber Production and Wildlife Benefits Work with a forester, but let him know you have a wildlife interest Thinning too hard can lead to damage from wind and ice Key is getting sunlight to the ground

44 Pine Management Use a rotation of prescribed fire and herbicide to help manage hardwood competition under the thinned pines Cool season burns-good at removing fuel Warm season burns-generally hotter burns, better for hardwood control

45 Prescribed Fire

46 Prescribed Fire

47 Prescribed Fire Great Management Tool Need a burn plan written by a Virginia Certified Prescribed Burn Manager Use a contractor Take a class with DOF Remember, safety comes first

48 Hardwoods

49 Hardwoods

50 Hardwood Management

51 Hardwoods

52 Quail Restoration Efforts CREATE HABITAT Early Successional = Frequent Disturbance Examples: Fescue Conversion to NWSG Shrub Clumps Brood Areas: Wildflower Meadows, Legume Mix Rotational Disking Prescribed Burning

53 Virginia s Quail Action Plan 5 year plan created in 2009 Created 5 Private Lands Wildlife Biologists Cooperation with VT-CMI, NRCS and VDGIF Assist private landowners with developing wildlife management plans, assist with plans and applications for wildlife cost share programs EQIP-Wildlife and Wildlife BMPs Monitoring Spring call routes, fall covey counts, early successional point counts on WMAs Created 6 Quail Focus Areas

54

55 Natural communities can provide adequate food and cover

56 All components as close as possible Native grass/forbs/legumes: Nesting & Brood Woody Headquarters

57 All components as close as possible Woody Headquarters Native grass/forbs/legumes: Nesting & Brood

58 Is this good quail habitat?

59 Any Luck? Private Lands Biologists Past 3 Years (Through 2013) Almost 1,250 site visits Written over 700 management plans Implemented over 11,000 acres of habitat Landowners visited owned/controlled over 136,000 acres

60 Cost Share Programs State BMP Programs Fescue conversion to NWSG Idle Lands Field Borders Shortleaf Pine Planting Small Acreage thinning NRCS-EQIP Programs Prescribed Burning, Firebreaks Field Borders Pollinator Plantings Many more

61 Quail Management Assistance Program Creates a listserv of people interested in quail habitat management Information on cost share programs Technical Assistance Workshop Announcements

62 Workshops

63 Links ons/pages/nativegrasses.aspx ocman/doc_details/64-handling-the-fescueproblem?itemid=128

64 Points to Remember Sell your bush hog or mower Or at least change the time of year you mow Patience is Key Like Field of Dreams, if you build it, they will come Work with your neighbors More acres is better

65 Questions?

MANAGING FOR BOBWHITE QUAIL IN THE SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA AGRICULTURAL CONSULTANTS FEBRUARY 9, 2007

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