SUSTAINABLE LAND AND CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT FOR THE SAHARA AND SAHEL INITIATIVE DAKAR, SENEGAL,10-17 JUNE 2011

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1 FIRST AFRICA DRYLANDS WEEK: TOWARDS A GLOBAL VISION AND PARTNERSHIP ON THE SUSTAINABLE LAND AND CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT FOR THE SAHARA AND SAHEL INITIATIVE DAKAR, SENEGAL,10-17 JUNE 2011 TREES OUTSIDE FORESTS EVALUATION GUIDELINES FOR POLICY AND DECISION MAKING: AGROFORESTRY AND URBAN FORESTRY Michelle Gauthier, FAO Dakar, 14 June 2011

2 URBAN AND PERI-URBAN FORESTRY Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making

3 World Urbanisation Urban population 3,4 billion people 2050: More than 70% will live in cities. A rise of 3 billion people in urban areas Mainly in less developed countries Food needs of vulnerable urban families Financial and Food Price Crisis (soaring prices, unemployment, instability)

4 Social and Political Impacts of Food Insecurity in Cities Risk of social instability and riots, political instability Migration : inside the countries and international. Need of emergency responses within the international constraints

5 A Vicious Circle Difficulties faced by cities and particularly the urban poor are exacerbated by : The impacts of climate change Humanitarian crisis Natural disasters Conflicts and wars Chronic degradation of natural resources

6 - FAO s Mandate for Cities -... MDG... Millennium Development Goals & World Food Summit s goals will not be achieved if appropriate attention is not given to cities and rural-urban linkages

7 Food for the cities - FAO multidisciplinary action group for Urban Issues - 15 Areas of action Introduction to Food for the Cities Urban food security, nutrition and livelihoods Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture / Horticulture Urban livestock, food security or environmental hazard? Forests and trees improving livelihoods through healthy green cities Water use and reuse for urban agriculture Urban food market, infrastructure and services Urban food marketing Fresh food Ensuring quality and safety of street foods Processed foods Land tenure and food production Emergencies and crises Local governments for food security Disaster risk management

8 UPF Institutional Framework UN System FAO, UN-Habitat, WFP, WHO, UNDP,... World Bank,... CGIAR system (FAO, Urban Harvest, IWMI,...) Mayor networking National, UCLG, ICLEI, Metropolis,... Urban Forestry networking IUFRO, DCFLP/KVL, Tree Foundation,... Urban agriculture and poverty networking IDRC, RUAF,... Member countries - Research Education - Governance Participation Implementation -...

9 ...State of the World Cities 2008/2009 (UN-Habitat)... Self-help housing on erosion prone lands Cities are disconnected from their water production ecosystem Urban and peri-urban agriculture provide food, incomes and employments on a... short term basis... and precarious land tenure access Fuel wood supply put tree cover at risk City resilience to extreme weather events decreases with decreasing forest cover Institutions have not yet learned to work together on genuine solutions adapted to the complexity of stakeholders and of the demographic, economic, environmental and political conditions

10 FAO s Context of Action & Urban Forestry.. in deserts... and arid lands... in mountains along the coasts...

11 FAO - Urbanization - Forestry Basic principles Watershed, Landscape, Ecosystem, Biodiversity Cities of today & tomorrow Harmony Rural & Urban Multipurpose Forests & Trees Economic Valuation Better Life & Livelihood for All Best Practices on Measure Multisectoral Participation and Decision-Making: Inclusive Social Commitment For Action Agriculture Greening Forestry Sustainability Food Security Poverty Conflicts Natural Disasters

12 FAO s response: Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Urban Forestry Strategy and Action Plan (Bangui, N Djamena, Brazzaville, Niger) Regional Forestry Outlook in West and Central Asia WISDOM for Cities (wood energy) Desertification and Green Belts (Nouakchott, Great Green Wall of Sahara) Climate change adaptation, UN-REDD, Carbon market voluntary mechanisms Landscape restoration Voluntary Guidelines (e.g. Planted Forests, Fire, Dryland, Right to Food, Land Tenure) Mountain Partnership & Watershed Management Forest Resource Assessments (FRA) Thematic study on Trees Outside Forest 2011 National Forest Monitoring and Assessment (NFMA) national forest programmes (nfp) & nfp-facility Energy Conflict - Desertification Deforestation Disaster Watershed Degradation

13 WISDOM for Cities... deforestation & wood energy... - planning tool for decision & monitoring - Woodfuel Integrated Supply/Demand Overview Mapping WISDOM TCP/CAF/3003 in Bangui

14 Fighting erosion, Watershed Management and UPF in Brazzaville TCP/PRC/3303 May 2011 to April early warning, capacity building good practices, watershed management, agroforestry, stakeholder platform... Ministère de l économie forestière... FAO, UN Habitat, WFP,

15 Forest and Trees for Healthy Cities - Improving Livelihoods and Environment for All

16 International Dialogue Merging Agendas and beyond - UN International Year of Forests IYF 2011 (UNFF) Cities of the Future Sustainable Urban Planning and Water Management (Stockholm, 23 May 2011) IWA, IFHP and others FAO Workshop on UPF Guidelines (Glasgow, 30th 31st May 2011) 14th European Forum on Urban Forestry EUFU (Glasgow, 1st 4th May 2011) IUFRO & FCS ICLEI Resilient Cities 2nd World Congress on CC (Bonn, 2-5 June 2011) EcoCities World Summit (Montréal, August 2011) 8th International Conference on Urban Watershed Management Beijing (China, 6-8 Sept. 2011, Tsinghua University)

17 International Workshop Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making promoting Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Glasgow, May 2011 by: FAO & Forestry Commission Scotland Objective: Revision content and development process of Guidelines Partnership and Regional mobilization Participants: 28 participants, 15 countries, 5 Regions: Africa and Middle East (2), Latin America (3), North America (5), Asia (2), Europe(14). including: UN Habitat, Metropolis/Porto Alleger, IUFRO, RUAF (Urban agriculture)

18 Urban Forestry Guidelines for Policy and Decision Dialogue on keys for success Understanding benefits; practical implementation; political support; public engagement; advocacy & technical support Building Awareness Against Resistances Land competition; implementation costs; long term management needs; preferences for high-technologies; alienation from the natural world Good practices Resistances: vandalism, criminality, roots, accidents Practices: wastewater use, arboriculture, community ownership, innovation Alliances Trees & Forests for Cities City: Governments, Mayors, Public, Universities, Private sector... Region & Global: Mayors forums, R&D

19 Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making promoting Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Introductory part of the Guidelines Statement of values Building a vision Creating alliances and partnerships Breaking resistances and believes Over-arching strategy and action plan

20 Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making promoting Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Proposed themes and guidelines: Theme 1 Participation and stakeholder framework Theme 2 Forest and tree resource assessment Theme 3 - Urban design and planning Theme 4 Policy and legal framework (land tenure) Theme 5 - Climate change Theme 6 Disaster risk management and watershed management Theme 7 Water and Waste Water Reuse

21 Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making promoting Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Proposed themes and guidelines: Theme 8 Food and Nutrition Security Theme 9 Health & Wellbeing Theme 10 Landscape, Forest and Tree Resources Theme 11 Product and Services Valuation, Incomes and Jobs Theme 12 Research & Development, Education and Awareness Raising Theme 13 Resources Mobilization, Investment and Partnership Theme 14 Monitoring and evaluation Theme 15 - Delivery mechanism

22 Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making promoting Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Final products: 1. Executive summary for high level policy and decision makers (e.g. 8 pages). 2. International glossary of terminology 3. Guidelines (illustrated with case studies) 4. Adaptation of Guidelines to specific audiences 5. Format: paper and on-line material 6. FAO Knowledge management website

23 Guidelines for Policy and Decision Making promoting Urban and Peri-urban Forestry Next steps Information Gathering at international and regional level (Case studies, facts & figures, country/city profile, Institutional profile etc.) Regional mobilization (Asia; Latin America; Africa + others) Resource mobilization (see Concept Note) FAO Reg. Forestry Commissions (Oct May 2012) International Year of Forests October 2011 for UPF --- CALL FOR PARTICIPATION ---

24 International Dialogue Merging Agendas and beyond - UN International Year of Forests (UNFF, 2011) October Urban Forestry (UNFF & CPF --- FAO & IUFRO) 3rd October World Habitat Day (UN-Habitat, Guadalajara) (International Declaration A vision for our cities ) (Regional and National Events) 10th World Congress of Metropolis Cities in Transition (Porto Alegre, Nov. 2011) UN-Habitat 6th World Habitat Forum (Guadalajara, Oct. 2012) UNFF 10 Benefits of forests and trees to urban communities (2013)

25 Trees and Forests for Healthy Cities A Vision for African Drylands Great Green Wall Trees Connecting People: In Action Together.