Faizal Parish and Chee Tong Yiew Global Environment Centre. Wetlands International Jill Heyde and Ed Wiken Wildlife Habitat Canada

Transcription

1 -UNFCCC COP10 Climate Change Kiosk 7 th December 2004 Buenos Aries Recent progress to address Peatland fires in SE Asia Faizal Parish and Chee Tong Yiew Global Environment Centre Nyoman Suryadiputra and Yus Rusila Noor Wetlands International Jill Heyde and Ed Wiken Wildlife Habitat Canada Integrated Management of Peatlands for Biodiversity and Climate Change

2 Presentation! Peatlands! Peat Fires in SE Asia! Potential solutions! Response by ASEAN Governments! Partnership for Central Kalimantan peatlands! Next steps

3 Peatlands! Wetland ecosystem which forms extensive layers of peat soil from dead organic matter! 400 million ha worldwide 50 % of wetlands! Cover 3% of land and freshwater area! Occur in over 150 countries in Arctic, boreal, temperate, tropics and sub-tropics.! Critical role in water management! Important for forestry and biodiversity! Key role in global carbon cycle store about 30% of terrestrial carbon store

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7 Peat in SE Asia! 30 million ha 60% of tropical peat! Stores 5% of terrestrial carbon pool! Peat fires release massive amounts of carbon : billion tonnes! Recent Peat Fires! Indonesia 2.1 million ha ( ) 98)! Malaysia 10-20,000ha! Brunei Belait peat swamp! Thailand Pru To Daeng 2000ha 2001! Vietnam Mekong Delta April 2002

8 Vietnam Indonesia Malaysia Thailand

9 Smoke from the peatland and forest fires covers much of SE Asia - Sept (NASA satellite image)

10 Local Impacts

11 Root causes of peat fires! Drainage for agriculture! Drainage for timber extraction! Land clearance! Burnt areas vulnerable to reburn! Severe fire episodes occur in El Nino Droughts! 100% of fires are started by humans! Fires spreading from adjacent lands! Fires linked to human activities in the forest! Biggest problem - abandoned land/drainage! Climate change will exacerbate problems

12 Linkage between Drainage and Fires

13 Solutions! Stop further drainage! Stop illegal/uncontrolled logging! Block or control existing drains! Encourage regrowth of vegetation! Prevent or control fires! Develop alternate livelihoods for local communities! Integrated management for multiple use! Prediction and monitoring

14 ASEAN Government response: ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative! Need to work together on Peat agreed by ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Haze - June 2002.! Concept developed in partnership between governments, NGOs and experts! Adopted by Governments in February 2003

15 ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative (APMI) Goals! To promote sustainable management of peatlands in the ASEAN region! To reduce risk of fire and associated regional haze! Objectives 1. To enhance understanding and build capacity 2. To reduce the incidence of peatland fires 3. To support national and local level implementation activities 4. To develop a regional strategy and cooperation mechanisms

16 ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative (APMI) Status " Exchange networks and programmes and underway (workshops in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam) " Assessment of root causes of peat fire and identification of prevention and control techniques " Local pilot and demonstration projects " ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy ( ) and National Action plans - under preparation

17 Partnerships! The APMI has been established through partnership of governments, NGOs research agencies and community! Lead NGOs include Global Environment Centre, Wetlands International, and CARE as well as a range of local NGOs.! Collaborative programme to date focussed on Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam! Address peat fire and management issues in conjunction with local government and community! Support exchanges between countries

18 Study Tour to Malaysia and Thailand

19 Thailand Peat Reforestation! Manual on Peat Forest replanting, Thailand! Based on 15 year research programme to restore forest on burnt peatland areas by Thai Government and research groups

20 Central Kalimantan peatlands, Indonesia! Large abandoned agricultural drainage project in peatlands! Regular fires ( ,000ha; ,000 ha)! Local Community Issues! Reduce fires and haze! Improve livelihood! Control illegal logging and fishing! Sustainable resource use! Approach! NGOs, Local government and Community form a partnership! Rehabilitation of peat to prevent fires! Develop alternatives livelihoods! Provide incentives for longer term management! First phase of collaborative Programme ! Lead partners: GEC, Wetlands International, Borneo Orang Utan Survival Foundation, Kapuas District government, Communities of Mentangai Sub-district and Kehati,! Supported by CIDA, UNEP-GEF, Netherlands Government and other supporters

21 Reducing Fire risk! Blocking of ditches used to extract illegal logs done by community through incentive system! Accompanied by re-planting! On-going monitoring

22 Alternative Livelihoods! Non-timber forest products added-value and marketing! Agriculture appropriate species! Fisheries! Animal Husbandry

23 Fire prevention and control! Establishment of and training for local fire brigades! Link firefighting with Livelihood support! Protect restored areas

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27 Hydrology Aspects

28 Restoration techniques! Work through local government and community! Use local materials! Draw on local expertise and skills! Maximise benefit to local community! Integrated approach conservation, rehabilitation and livelihood

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31 ! Construction by local communities of dams to block abandoned drainage

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33 ! Before and after

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35 Benefits! No fires in areas where water table was raised! Reduction in emissions through peat breakdown! Natural vegetation starting to return! Trees of socio-economic value planted! Enhanced sequestration! Significant income to local community! Other livelihood activities such as cage culture of local fish species underway! Local and national governments allocating funding for expansion of work in the future.

36 Next steps! Expand Partnerships with local community and other stakeholders! Develop incentive mechanisms for long-term management! Combine poverty relief with sustainable peatland management and fire prevention! Support rehabilitation activities through climate change mitigation and adaptation.! Incorporate peatland fire prevention into National Adaptation plans of Action

37 Recognition! ASEAN Ministers of the Environment recognised the efforts and called on governments in region to support community and NGO action for peatlands (10 November 2004)! Netherlands Government agreed to contribute 5 million Euro (2 November 2004)! 5-year partnership signed between NGOs and local government (30 November 2004)

38 Please help!! Give recognition under the climate change convention to peatlands! Include peatlands in national mitigation and adaptation plans! Support activities by governments, NGOs and local communities to address peatland management issues! Reduce the rate of global emissions and climate change

39 GRACIAS Thank you Terima kasih