Draft Forest Land Use Plan for Long Term Value Added Negotiated Sale/NC-1591-F. Units 1, 2, 5 and 6. State of Alaska. Department of Natural Resources

Transcription

1 State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry Northern Region, Fairbanks Area Draft Forest Land Use Plan Long-Term Value-Added Negotiated Sale NC-1591-F, May 7, 2015 Page 1 of 21

2 I. Introduction... 3 A. Legal description... 4 B. Operational Period... 4 C. Timber Disposal... 4 D. Objectives and Summary... 4 II. Affected Land Owners/Jurisdictions... 5 A. State... 5 B. Other Land Ownership... 5 III. Harvest Methods, Silvicultural Actions, and Management of Non-timber Resources... 6 A. Timber Harvest and Silvicultural Methods... 6 B. Timber Stand Description and History... 7 C. Site Preparation... 7 D. Reforestation... 8 E. Slash Abatement... 9 F. Timber Harvest Surface Water Protection... 9 G. Wildlife Habitat H. Cultural and Historical Resource Protection I. Other Resources Affected by Timber Harvest and Management IV. Roads and Crossing Structures A. Road Design, Construction, and Maintenance B. Side Slopes / Mass Wasting C. Crossing Structures D. Road Closure E. Material Extraction F. Other Resources Affected by Roads or Material Extraction V. Approvals Appendix A: Timber Sale Maps Appendix B: Road Information Page 2 of 21

3 I. Introduction Project File Number: NC-1591-F Division of Forestry Office: Fairbanks Area Forestry, 3700 Airport Wary, Fairbanks, AK Area Forester: Paul Maki (Acting) Forest Practices Geographic Region (AS ): Region III This Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) covers proposed forest operations on approximately 1,500 acres of land in the Tanana Valley within the Fairbanks Management Area. It is intended to provide the best available information regarding the proposed harvest of timber, and management of other non-timber uses in compliance with AS and AS , and must be adopted by the DNR before the proposed activity can occur. The purpose of this sale is to manage the forest in the Fairbanks Area and provide mixed species of spruce, aspen, balsam poplar and birch for primary use in a high value-added processing facility and secondary use in other local forest industries in the Fairbanks vicinity. Timber will be harvested in a series of patch clearcuts with reserves and partial cuts. [X] This Draft Forest Land Use Plan is for timber sale(s) which have been determined to be in the best interest of the state pursuant to AS (e) and ; Final Decision and Best Interest Finding for a Long Term Value Added Negotiated Timber Sale NC-1591-F, ADL February 11, [ ] This Draft Forest Land Use Plan is for timber sale(s) for which a Preliminary Best Interest Finding is currently out for review. A final best interest finding must be completed prior to adoptions of a final FLUP pursuant to AS (e) and [ ] This Draft Forest Land Use Plan is for timber to be harvested that does not require a final finding pursuant to (e) and notification under The public and agencies are invited to comment on specific items in this draft FLUP including requirements for harvest, access, and reforestation operations. The decision on whether or not to offer timber for sale is made through the best interest finding process, and is not subject to review under the FLUP. Objections or comments pertaining to the draft FLUP must be received in writing by the DOF Fairbanks Area Office by 5:00 pm June 8, 2015 in order to ensure consideration for review. Comments should be mailed to the State of Alaska, Division of Forestry, 3700 Airport Way Fairbank, AK or by to Douglas Hanson; douglas.hanson@alaska.gov or Paul Maki; paul.maki@alaska.gov. For more information you may contact Paul Maki, Fairbanks Area Forester, To be eligible to appeal the final decision to adopt the final FLUP, a person must have provided written comment by 5:00 pm June 8, Page 3 of 21

4 After public and agency review of the draft FLUP, the DOF will review comments, make changes as appropriate, and issue and adopt the final FLUP. A person affected by the final decision who provided timely written comment or public hearing testimony on the draft FLUP may appeal it, in accordance with 11 AAC 02. [ X ] Other Documents are referenced in this FLUP. This timber sale is designed to be consistent with the management intent of the following documents: Tanana Valley State Forest Management Plan, Fairbanks North Star Borough Comprehensive Plan, Interagency Wildland Fire Management Plan The administrative record for this sale is maintained at the Division of Forestry Fairbanks Area Office filed as NC-1591-F. A. Legal description (See also map in Appendix A): Sale Unit Sale Unit Name Township, Range, Sections Number Meridian 1 Standard East T 1 S, R 4W / 5W, F 7, 18 / Mosquito Creek T 6 S, R 5E, F 22-24, 26, 27 5 Ohio Creek T 2 S, R 5W, F 1, 2, 11, 12 6 Mosquito Creek 2 T 6 S, R 5E / 6E, F 13, 23, 24 / 18,19 B. Operational Period Summer 2015 through Fall 2018 C. Timber Disposal [X] Timber will be sold and will have a contract administered by the State. [ ] Timber will be available to the public; permits obtained by the public will be issued by the State. [ ] Other D. Objectives and Summary The Fairbanks Area Office of the Division of Forestry has made a Finding and Decision to offer for commercial sale approximately 2,600 acres of mixed species in various locations within the Fairbanks Management Area. Wood products would mostly be used to provide a raw resource for a high value-added wood pellet manufacturing facility. Target species for the facility are spruce and aspen though birch will also be required to be harvested in varying quantities. This FLUP covers a portion of this area contained within four units that comprise approximately 1,500 acres Page 4 of 21

5 of land within the vicinity of Nenana Ridge and Harding Lake. The objectives of this sale are to: 1. Develop the State s Renewable Resources: To follow the DNR s constitutional mandate to encourage the development of the State s renewable resources, making them available for maximum use consistent with the public interest. Sustain and promote a healthy, long-term timber industry in the State, through providing a secure source of timber for harvest that produces raw materials for local manufacturing plants when practical while protecting other resources such as fish and wildlife. 2. Improve the State s Economy: To help the State s economy by providing royalties to the State in the form of stumpage receipts, as well as contributions to local economies through wages, purchases, jobs and other business activities. 3. Improve Forest Health: To improve forest growth and vigor by harvesting and replacing mature stands and stands with declining vigor with new healthy regenerating stands, while protecting and maintaining other resource values. The actions authorized under this decision will follow the constitutional mandate of sustained yield and shall adhere to multiple use management as described in the TVSF Management Plan. 4. Improve Wildlife Habitat: Meet the statutory wildlife management objective for the TVSF (AS (e)) that provides for the production of wildlife for a high level of sustained yield human use through habitat improvement techniques, while allowing for timber management and other beneficial uses of public land and resources. II. Affected Land Owners/Jurisdictions A. State Written Access Representative Activity on ownership: Easement Harvest Approval [X] Tanana Valley State Forest [X] [X] [ ] [ ] Other state land managed by DNR [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] University of Alaska [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Mental Health Trust [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] School Trust [ ] [ ] [ ] B. Other Land Ownership [ ] [ ] [ ] Land Owner: Land Owner Representative: Page 5 of 21

6 III. Draft Forest Land Use Plan for Long Term Value Added Negotiated Sale/NC-1591-F Harvest Methods, Silvicultural Actions, and Management of Non-timber Resources Forest operations will be designed to: Protect fish habitat and water quality in compliance with the best management practices in 11 AAC , Manage for the other land uses and activities identified in AS and the Best Interest Finding for this timber sale, and Ensure prompt reforestation and maintenance of site productivity in compliance with AS (c) and 11 AAC A. Timber Harvest and Silvicultural Methods [X] The silvicultural actions are described in this document, and no prescription was written or is necessary. [ ] A silvicultural prescription has been written and is attached to this document in Appendix 1. Harvest Unit Design: The sale consists of 4 units with a total of about 1,500 acres. Unit sizes range between 340 and 405 acres. The boundaries of the units are located along naturally occurring vegetative type changes. When marked on the ground, the precise boundaries and acreage will further be defined by using vegetative types, harvest systems, access, wildlife and silvicultural considerations. Retention of trees will be in the form of leave patches that will be left intact within the units to provide wildlife cover and protection of advanced regeneration. Snags will also be retained within the unit where feasible during harvest operations. These patches will be a combination of stringers and islands of various sizes and distances from the unit edge. Up to 10-15% of each unit will be retained in patches ranging from one-half to twenty acres in size. Species selection for the leave patches will focus on advanced regeneration of all species and thicker areas of predominately birch poletimber and sawtimber. Mature aspen, birch and spruce will be left around the sale periphery to serve as future seed tree sources. These proposed sale areas will be partially harvested or clearcut. The sale will allow the contractor to harvest spruce, aspen and birch greater than 6 DBH. The sale is designed to meet the needs of a Fairbanks area high value-added purchaser where the wood resource will be utilized to produce wood pellets and wood pellet logs. In the manufacturing process, only aspen and spruce are currently able to be used. Birch, however, will be required to be harvested and, if not utilized, will be decked in accessible locations to be subsequently offered for personal use, or sold commercially. 2. Harvest Operations: Typical interior ground-based harvesting systems will be utilized to harvest the timber sale units. Skidding by line or grapple is anticipated to occur. Timber stand densities and tree size and species (spruce/aspen or birch) will likely determine the harvest equipment/method used. Soil compaction from ground-based operations is not anticipated to be a concern. Trees will be whole-tree yarded and processed at the landings. Slash disposal will be by burning or by salvage for fuelwood use. Page 6 of 21

7 B. Timber Stand Description and History The forest stands within Units 1 and 5, which are located on the Nenana Ridge, are predominantly a mixture of mature white spruce, birch and aspen sawtimber and poletimber. There is approximately 20-45% mixed species of aspen and birch in the sale area, but white spruce is the predominate species. The forested stands are situated on southerly aspects in Unit 1 and variable aspects in Unit 5. Slopes vary from 5 to 40% with the average being 25%. Soils in this sale area are classified as a Steese silt loam and are productive silt loam soils that have formed in loess deposits. Portions of the sale area have vigorous advanced white spruce regeneration, especially in areas with a mixed spruce-aspen over story. Elevation ranges from 600 feet to about 1,150 feet. The forest stands within Units 2 and 6, which are located in the Harding Lake area, are predominantly a mixture of mature and over-mature white spruce, birch and black spruce sawtimber and poletimber. There is approximately 15-20% mixed species of birch and black spruce in the sale area, but white spruce is the predominate species. Where areas of black spruce are present, moss thickness increases and permafrost is likely present. Stands are situated on southerly aspects at elevations of 1,150 to 2,000 feet. Slopes vary from 10 to 50% with the average being 30%. Soils in this sale area are classified as a Gilmore silt loam. They are somewhat less productive than the Steese silt loam soils found on the Nenana Ridge. Timber Harvest Activities are displayed in Table 1. Table 1. Timber Harvest Activities and Silvicultural Methods Unit ID Acres Topography Silvicultural Action Logging Method Irregular Hillside Partial cut with Reserves (6 DBH+) Ground Irregular Hillside Irregular Hillside Irregular Hillside Partial cut with Reserves (6 DBH+) Partial cut with Reserves (6 DBH+) Partial cut with Reserves (6 DBH+) Ground, Winter Only Ground Ground, Winter Only C. Site Preparation [ ] Site preparation will not be necessary. There is either sufficient residual stocking, or because there has been sufficient soil disturbance by logging to forego scarification. [X] Site preparation will be implemented and described in Table 2: Page 7 of 21

8 Table 2. Site Preparation Unit Acres Site Preparation Method Date of Completion Dozer Blade or Excavator Scarification as needed Dozer Blade or Excavator Scarification as needed Dozer Blade or Excavator Scarification as needed Dozer Blade or Excavator Scarification as needed July 15 on acres harvested the previous season July 15 on acres harvested the previous season July 15 on acres harvested the previous season July 15 on acres harvested the previous season D. Reforestation Patch clearcuts and heavy partial harvests in combination with natural seeding and scarification have resulted in good mixed species stand regeneration in the Fairbanks Area and have exceeded Alaska Forest Resources & Practices Act standards of 450 trees per acre in Region III. Partial harvests can result in a wide range of the number of sapling to pole-sized trees per acre. The average harvest area has about 130 saplings and pole-sized mixed species trees left per acre. Some acres have no trees left and other sites have over 130 saplings and pole-sized trees per acre left after harvest. Scarification will be particularly important in units 2 and 6 where heavy moss layers are present in some areas. Units 1 and 5, with their higher percentage of aspen, will require less overall scarification because of the root sprouting ability of the species. [ ] Clearcut [X] Partial Harvest: [ ] Region I: leaving more than 50% live basal area (11 AAC 95(b)(3)) [X] Region II/III: Relying on residual trees to result in a stocking level that meets standards of 11 AAC (b 4). Stocking levels will be calculated subject to the methods below: Average DBH (Diameter at breast height) Table 3. Stocking Level Requirements Residual Minimum Stocking Trees (Trees / Standard(Trees/ acre) acre) Percent Stocking > % 6 to % 1 to % Total Residual Stocking 74% Page 8 of 21

9 Seedlings Required: Percentage Under stocked = 100 Total Residual Stocking % Percentage Under stocked = % = 26% Seedlings/ Acre Required = Percentage Understocked/100 x 450 Seedlings/ Acre Required = % /100 x 450 = [X] Natural regeneration List species: Birch, White Spruce, Black Spruce, Aspen [X] Coppice List species: Aspen, Birch [ ] Artificial regeneration [ ] Seeding-source of seed (general vicinity location of seed source) [ ] Planting: Date of proposed planting: Source of seedlings (location of seed source): E. Slash Abatement [X] Potential for insect infestations caused by slash accumulations exists. Slash abatement for controlling infestations will be implemented as required by 11AAC [X] Lop and scatter slash; accumulations will be kept to less than 2 feet in height. [X] Slash will be disposed of by the operator [ ] Slash will be disposed of by the State [ ] Other - method of slash disposal: [ ] removal off site [ ] crushing or grinding [X] burning [ ] Burn permits necessary from DOF and DEC to be acquired. [ ] The operator will contact the Division of Forestry local area office prior to ignition of debris. F. Timber Harvest Surface Water Protection Units 2 and 6 are near Mosquito Creek, but do not abut it. At the nearest point, these units are roughly 600 feet north of the creek. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game noted in its review of the Best Interest Finding that the lower portions of this creek are believed to provide resident fish habitat for Arctic grayling and/or round whitefish. [X] There are no streams or lakes abutting or within a harvest unit. [ ] Known surface waters and protection measures are described in Table 4 below. Locations are included in the operational map in the Appendices. Page 9 of 21

10 Unit Waterbody Name Table 4. Protection for Known Surface Waters AS Required ADF&G Riparian Classification AWC # Protection Site-specific actions to minimize impacts on riparian area Surface waters listed above were reviewed by the Department of Fish and Game: [ ] During the timber sale planning process [X] During the agency review conducted for the Best Interest Finding for this sale [ ] During the drafting of this Forest Land Use Plan [ ] Stream Crossings (Title 16) Permits are needed per ADF&G Division of Habitat Surface waters listed above were reviewed by the Department of Environmental Conservation: [ ] During the timber sale planning process [X] During the agency review conducted for the Best Interest Finding for this sale [ ] During the drafting of this Forest Land Use Plan Non-classified surface waters are subject to applicable BMPs in 11 AAC 95. G. Wildlife Habitat [X] Wildlife species and allowances for their important habitats were addressed in writing by the Department of Fish & Game during the Best Interest Finding review. [ ] Wildlife species and allowances for their important habitats were addressed in writing by the Department of Fish & Game during the drafting of this Forest Land Use Plan. Silvicultural practices to be applied to minimize impacts to wildlife habitat or wildlife management: [X] Timber retention - concentrations of timber surrounding harvest units, or interspersed within harvest units to provide cover. [X] Snag Retention- snags or isolated trees left for cavity nesting species. [X] Large Woody Debris concentrations of downed timber or logging debris interspersed within harvest units to provide cover left on site. [ ] Other actions H. Cultural and Historical Resource Protection [X] This project was reviewed by the State Historic and Preservation Office (SHPO). [X] No artifacts have been reported within the project area(s). [ ] Known or likely sites have been identified and a mitigation plan is in place. (Describe the mitigation actions.) Page 10 of 21

11 I. Other Resources Affected by Timber Harvest and Management [ ] There are other resources and areas of concern besides surface water, fish habitat, and wildlife habitat that may be affected. Mitigations actions were addressed in the Best Interest Finding. [X] There are no affected resources or areas of concern other than surface water, fish habitat, and wildlife habitat, which are addressed in this Forest Land Use Plan. Table 5. Other Affected Resources/ Areas of Concern. Impacted Resource Reviewing Agency Impact/ Mitigation Actions. IV. Roads and Crossing Structures A. Road Design, Construction, and Maintenance Roads will be designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent significant adverse impacts on water quality and fish habitat (AS (b) (5)), and site productivity (AS (c) (5)). Roads will comply with the best management practices in the Forest Resources and Practices Regulations (11 AAC ). Northern Region forest road standards contained within the Tanana Valley State Forest Management Plan will be utilized for road construction and maintenance activities. Roads will be constructed by removing the trees, vegetative mat, and constructing the road using cuts and fills with earth-moving equipment. Surfacing will use native materials on site, and roads will be out sloped to control drainage. Roads will initially be constructed to a 12 to 16 foot width. Some roads are located on side slopes that vary from 5 to 35%. Road grades vary from 0 to 10% with an average of 5%. Debris from the road construction will be placed downhill of the road. Some proposed roads have potential to erode after construction due to the road grades. In these areas water bars will be placed to prevent erosion after log hauling is done and before the sale is closed. The roads are not expected to have erosion that could not be mitigated and will be left open after the sale to facilitate additional forest management of the area. DOF will be responsible for erosion control after the sale is terminated. Roads or other means required for the access and removal of this timber from the harvest areas or units are listed in Table 6. Page 11 of 21

12 Road ID Harvest Unit Table 6. Road Construction and Use Road Road Maximum Miles Type Grade Constructed by Maintained by Standard East Primary 10% Existing Road Purchaser Standard East Spur 2 Mosquito Cr All Season Mosquito Cr Winter Mosquito Cr Spur 1 Mosquito Cr Spur 2 East Skinny s Road East Skinny s Road Mosquito Cr All Season Mosquito Cr Winter Mosquito Cr Spur 3 Mosquito Cr Spur 4 Mosquito Cr Spur Spur 10% Existing Road Purchaser Secondary 10% Existing Road Purchaser Secondary Winter 10% Existing Road Purchaser Spur 10% Purchaser Purchaser Winter Spur 10% Purchaser Purchaser Winter Secondary 10% Existing Road Purchaser Secondary 10% Purchaser Purchaser Secondary 10% Existing Road Purchaser Secondary Winter Spur Winter Spur Winter Spur Winter 10% Existing Road Purchaser 10% Purchaser Purchaser 10% Purchaser Purchaser 10% Purchaser Purchaser *Note: Roads must be less than 20% grade per 8 AAC Additional Logging Standards. B. Side Slopes / Mass Wasting For slopes over 50%, identify indicators of unstable areas (landslide scars, jack-strawed trees, gullied or dissected slopes, high density of streams or zero-order basins, or evidence of soil creep). Attach location-specific road design that potentially mitigates identified areas of unstable soils. Maximum percent side slopes: _35%_ Page 12 of 21

13 [X] There are no slopes >50% [X] There are no indicators of unstable areas where roads will be constructed [ ] Indicators of unstable areas were identified and will be mitigated by actions indicated below: [ ] Full benching will be constructed to help ensure slope stability [ ] Full benching is not required for roads in this project [ ] End hauling will be implemented to help ensure slope stability [ ] End hauling is not necessary for roads in this project. Will drainage structures be removed? [ ] YES [X] NO General Erosion Control: [ ] grass seeding [ ] erosion control mats [ ] wattle [X] Other: Waterbars [ ] not applicable C. Crossing Structures [X] No crossing structures are needed within the project area. [ ] Crossing structures will be placed along access roads as described in the table below: Table 7. Required Drainage and Crossing Structures on Known Surface Waters Road Mile / Station Diameter Culvert Bridge Type: -Log Stringer -Fabricated -Ice AS Stream Classification Fish & Game AWC Number Duration of crossing structure in place D. Road Closure Roads constructed for the timber sale that are left open will be subject to maintenance standards under 11 AAC Otherwise, roads constructed for the timber sale will be closed, subject to standards under 11 AAC Table 8. Road Closures Road ID Unit All Season/Winter Estimated Closure Date Projected Road Use after Timber Harvest Page 13 of 21

14 E. Material Extraction [ ] There will be no material extraction sites in the project area. [X] Material extraction and associated overburden disposal will be located outside of riparian areas and muskegs. Material extraction and disposal will be located as shown on the operation map, in a manner that prevents runoff from entering surface waters. [ ] Other: F. Other Resources Affected by Roads or Material Extraction List resources other than water, habitat or cultural resources potentially impacted by road construction, and indicate how impacts will be mitigated. Other affected resources could be, but are not limited to mining claims, scenic areas, recreational trails, etc. Table 9. Other Affected Resources Impacted Resource Reviewing Agency Impact/ Mitigation Actions V. Approvals This Draft Forest Land Use Plan has been reviewed by the Division of Forestry and provides the information necessary for public and by agency review of the project described in this document. Fairbanks Area Forester Date Page 14 of 21

15 Appendix A: Timber Sale Maps Page 15 of 21

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19 Appendix B: Road Information Northern Region Forest Road Standards (Tanana Valley State Forest Management Plan) Design Considerations Primary allseason road (1) Secondary allseason road Spur Road Level of Use Curve Radius Grade Drivable Surface Turnouts Moderate to Heavy; Long Term; Year-round Light to Moderate; Long Term; Year-round Light; Short Term 300' normal design 100' minimum (2) Curve widening on minimum radius curves 8% Normal 10% Maximum 16'-20' Width and Rock Surfacing may be Required. Not Required if Driving Surface 18'. Otherwise 1000' feet Max. interval. Intervisible. 25' ingress, 25' egress, 50' Full. 12' Width 100' normal design 15% Max. Favorable 60' minimum (2) 12'-16' Width. Same as Above 10% Max. Adverse Same as Secondary All- 20% Maximum 10'-16' Width. Not Required Season Road Primary Winter Moderate to Heavy; Same as Primary All- Same as Primary All- 16' to 20' Width Same as Primary All-Season Road Road Long Term Season Road Season Road Secondary Light to Moderate; Same as Secondary All- Same as Secondary Same as Secondary Same as Primary All-Season Road Winter Road Medium to Long Term Season Road All-Season Road All-Season Road Note (1) - Higher construction standards may be needed for site specific projects and conditions. Note (2)- To be applied only under topographically limiting conditions. Page 19 of 21

20 Northern Region Forest Road Standards (Tanana Valley State Forest Management Plan) Construction Considerations Primary allseason road (1) Secondary allseason road Spur Road Primary Winter Road Secondary Winter Road Cut and Fill Clearing 3 Grubbing Debris Disposal Permafrost Fill slope 1.5 : 1 Max. Cut slope 1:1 Max. excepting Loess soils where vertical cuts are acceptable See also 11 AAC c. Same as above Avoid where reasonable and prudent Minimize cuts and fills in thawunstable permafrost. Avoid where feasible and prudent, cuts in thaw unstable permafrost; exceptions will be identified in FLUP. Avoid where feasible and prudent, cuts in thaw unstable permafrost; exceptions will be identified in FLUP. 5' beyond cut and fills or min. 35' width. Merch. Timber cut and decked ahead of Construction. 5' beyond cut and fills or min. 30' width. Merch. Timber cut and decked ahead of Construction. Min. 12' width. Merch. Timber cut and decked ahead of Construction. Minimum 16' Minimum 12' Removal of Stumps, roots, and organics from road bed to outside of ditches unless tops of stumps under 2' of fill If 2' beyond ditches, windrow or place in pushouts. If 2' bury under min. 1' of fill. Avoid exposing thaw unstable permafrost through routing or using raised fill construction. If exposed, min. sedimentation w/ effective erosion controls. See 11 AAC c. Same as above Same as above Same as above Under Drivable Surface Partial removal of surface organics only as needed to provide a level running s urface. Same as Primary Winter road Road Note (1) - Higher construction standards may be needed for site specific projects and conditions. Note (3)- Minimum is used for safety and snow storage reasons Use Windrowing or Push-out techniques as appropriate Same as Spur Road Same as Spur Road Avoid exposing thaw unstable permafrost. If exposed, stabilize by treating w/ effective and appropriate measures, sp. Recovering, seeding, drainage struct. And settling basins. See 11 AAC c., g.; 295 g. Same as Spur Road Same as Spur Road Page 20 of 21

21 Northern Region Forest Road Standards (Tanana Valley State Forest Management Plan) Maintenance Considerations Ditches Culverts Maintenance Primary allseason road (1) Secondary allseason road 1.0' Min. Depth; 2.0 Min width. Block Ditch on Down hill Side of culvert inlet where needed. Block Ditch on Down hill Side of culvert inlet where needed. Min.Dia 12" except as stated in 11 AAC Installed at or below natural ground line and natural stream gradient. Same as Above Spur Road As Needed Same as Above Primary Winter Road Secondary Winter Road Grading and Ditching as Necessary Grading and Ditching as Necessary. Maintained or Closed after logging use. Closed or treated as per 11 AAC (c) after logging use None Same as Above Open drainages before breakup. None Same as Above Note (1) - Higher construction standards may be needed for site specific projects and conditions. Closed or treated as per 11 AAC (c) after logging use. Open Drainages before breakup. Page 21 of 21