Diversity of Non-native Terrestrial Arthropods in Newfoundland & Labrador

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1 Diversity of Non-native Terrestrial Arthropods in Newfoundland & Labrador David Langor & Laura DeHaas Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

2 DEFINITION Invasive Alien Species

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4 Isthmus of Panama

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6 Asian longhorn beetle Brown Spruce longhorned beetle Emerald ash borer Pine shoot beetle

7 To date, >1850 non-native terrestrial arthropods have been recorded from Canada. It is expected that this list will grow to > Distribution of Exotic Arthropod Species in Canada (n = 1833) 1200 Number of Species YK NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NF LB Province or Territory Nfld. & Labrador has 456 species, including 44 species in Labrador NOTE: Ray Morris tallied ca. 250 species in 1983

8 Examples European earwigs carpenters/ sowbugs hard-shells carabid beetles many common household pests: spider beetles, carpet beetles, strawberry root weevil, cockroaches most common lady bugs striped flea beetle, clover leaf weevil, imported cabbage worm birch leafminers, larch and birch casebearers, balsam woolly adelgid, mountain ash sawfly, larch sawfly granary beetles

9 =3.1 % of total species (est. 64,000)

10 6.1% of total arthropods (ca spp.) 15% of carabid beetles (172 spp.) 30% of weevils (117 spp.) 19% of staphylinid beetles (216 spp.) 57% of latridiid beetles (14 spp.)

11 Exotic Arthropod Species in Canada (n = 1833) 4% 5% 3% Coleoptera 11% 18% 32% 5% Diptera Hemiptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Other Insects Arachnids Other Arthropods 22% 9% 11% 3% Exotic Arthropod Species in Newfoundland (n=456) 8% 0% 6% 42% Coleoptera Diptera Hemiptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Other Insects Arachnids Other Arthropods Siphonaptera 17% 4%

12 26% Hemiptera (76 spp.) 35% Miridae Other Heteroptera Aphids & relatives leaf hoppers 30% 9%

13 23% 17% 4% 3% 4% Coleoptera (197 spp.) 14% 5% 4% 5% 3% 18% Carabidae Chrysomelidae Coccinellidae Curculionidae Dermestidae Hydrophilidae Nitidulidae Ptinidae Scarabaeidae Staphylinidae Others

14 Hymenoptera (48 spp.) sawflies bees parasitic wasps 44% 54% 2%

15 Lepidoptera (41 spp.) Gelechoidea 27% 10% 7% Geometroidea Noctuoidea Tortricoidea others 24% 32%

16 Origin of Exotic Arthropod Species in Canada (n = 1833) Number of Species Unknown Africa Asia Europe Eurasia South America Origin 7 Origin of non-native species in NL No. species Africa Asia Europe Eurasia Orient South America

17 Points of entry into Canada for non-native species in NL (270 spp.) No. species BC Prairies + North ON QC Maritimes NF + LB St. John s most important port of entry 60 species are currently limited to Nfld.

18 Introduction of Exotic Arthropod Species into North America (n = 949) present Year Year of earliest record in North America and Canada for non-native species in NL North America Canada present <1600 No. species Number of Species

19 1500s Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) mid 1500s Hemisarcoptes malus (Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) 1635 Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) coddling moth Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) striped flea beetle 1700s Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) stable fly 1700s Philonthus umbratilis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

20 Exotic Arthropod Species in Canada Introduced Directly into Canada and the USA (n = 1833) 26% 46% Canada USA Canada and USA Unknown 5% 23%

21 Trophic Roles of Exotic Arthropod Species in Canada (N = 1833) 8% 3% 4% Phytophagous 17% 48% Predator Parasitoid Fungivore Scavenger Other + Unknown 20% Trophic roles of non-native arthropods in NL Phytophagous 14% 3% Predator Parasitoid 4% 8% 41% Fungivore Detriivore/scavenger Unknow n 30%

22 Biocontrol agents released against forest insects *denotes successful biocontrol *Larch casebearer 2 *Satin moth 1 European pine shoot moth 1 *Birch casebearer 1 *European spruce sawfly 1 *Birch leafminer 1 *Introduced pine sawfly 2 *Mountain ash sawfly 1 Spruce budworm 2 *Larch sawfly 1 Hemlock looper 1 (fly) Balsam Wooley adelgid 3 (lady bugs)

23 Biocontrol agents released against other insects Green peach aphid 1 Delia spp. 1 European Earwig 1

24 Biocontrol agents released against weeds Knapweed (Centaurea) Nodding thistle (Carduus) 1 fly 1 beetle

25 ONGOING WORK Forest IAS Website Databasing information from specimen labels 80,000 georeferenced records

26 Dispersal of Oxybelus bipunctatus (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) from 1935 (date of introduction) to 1994

27 Acknowledgements Canadian Forest Service Federal Biodiversity Information Partnership Biological Survey of Canada Many taxonomists..