Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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1 Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2010 COUNTRY REPORTS BANGLADESH FRA2010/017 Rome, 2010

2 The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and upto-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). The reporting framework for FRA 2010 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources, as well as the policy, legal and institutional framework related to forests. More information on the FRA 2010 process and the results - including all the country reports - is available on the FRA Web site ( ). The Global Forest Resources Assessment process is coordinated by the Forestry Department at FAO headquarters in Rome. The contact person for matters related to FRA 2010 is: Mette Løyche Wilkie Senior Forestry Officer FAO Forestry Department Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome 00153, Italy Mette.LoycheWilkie@fao.org Readers can also use the following address: fra@fao.org DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The Global Forest Resources Assessment Country Report Series is designed to document and make available the information forming the basis for the FRA reports. The Country Reports have been compiled by officially nominated country correspondents in collaboration with FAO staff. Prior to finalisation, these reports were subject to validation by forestry authorities in the respective countries. 2

3 Contents INTRODUCTION... 5 TABLE T1 EXTENT OF FOREST AND OTHER WOODED LAND TABLE T2 FOREST OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT RIGHTS TABLE T3 FOREST DESIGNATION AND MANAGEMENT TABLE T4 FOREST CHARACTERISTICS TABLE T5 FOREST ESTABLISHMENT AND REGENERATION TABLE T6 GROWING STOCK TABLE T7 BIOMASS STOCK TABLE T8 CARBON STOCK TABLE T9 FOREST FIRES TABLE T10 OTHER DISTURBANCES AFFECTING FOREST HEALTH AND VITALITY TABLE T11 WOOD REMOVALS AND VALUE OF REMOVALS TABLE T12 NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS REMOVALS AND VALUE OF REMOVALS TABLE T13 EMPLOYMENT TABLE T14 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK TABLE T15 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK TABLE T16 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH TABLE T17 PUBLIC REVENUE COLLECTION AND EXPENDITURE

4 Report preparation and contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s): Name (FAMILY NAME, First name) Shamsuddin, A K M Motaleb, Md. Abdul Ahmad, Ishtiaq Uddin Ali, Md. Yunus Banik, Haradhan Latif, Md. Abdul Islam, Md. Mozaharul Chowdhury, Ruhul Mohaiman Institution / address Fax Tables Chief Conservator of Forests, Forest Department, Bana Bhaban, Agargaon, Dhaka- 1207, Bangladesh Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests, Planning Wing, Forest Department Conservator of Forests, Administration and Finance Forest Department Conservator of Forests, Central Circle Forest Department Conservator of Forests, Social Forest Circle Forest Department Chief Research Officer, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Solashahar, Chittagong. Assistant Chief Conservator of Forests Development Planning Unit, Forest Department Assistant Conservator of Forests, Development Planning Unit, Forest Department ccf-fd@bforest.gov.bd dccf-plan@ bforest.gov.bd cf-admin@bforest.gov.bd banikhd@yahoo.com latifakir@yahoo.com accf-dp@bforest.gov.bd ruhulforester@yahoo.com 4

5 Introduction Bangladesh lies in the north-eastern part of the South Asia between and north latitude and and east longitude. The area of the country is million hectares (ha). Here tropical climate prevails throughout the year with distinct rainfall and dry period. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries of the world. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS 2004) population is million of which 77% live in the rural areas. Overall per capita availability of land and forest are about 0.12 ha and 0.02 ha respectively. The total forest area in Bangladesh, according to Forest Department, is estimated to be 2.52 million ha corresponding to 17.4% of the surface area of the country. This includes 1.52 million ha Forest Department controlled land, 0.73 million ha Unclassified State Forests (USF) under the control of District Administration and 0.27 million ha village forest land (mostly homesteads). However, National forest and tree resources assessment found forest cover of the country as 9.8% as per definition of FAO. Under the auspices of Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA), recently Bangladesh Forest Department has implemented a technical cooperation project namely "Strengthening Capacity to Generate Quality Information on Forest Resources (TCP/BGD/3001)" during with the technical and financial assistance from FAO of the UN. Under this project, the first National Forest Assessment (NFA) was conducted both in forests and TOF areas whereby earlier management inventories were confined within the designated forest reserves only. The NFA was guided by remote sensing analysis as well as ground inventory with 296 sampling plots all over the country. Results show that almost 50% of the country has some kind of tree cover. Further, the inventory enumerated national landuse area, growing stock, biodiversity and regeneration, social and economical aspects of forests and trees and biomass and carbon as per guidelines of FAO. The FRA2010 of Bangladesh is developed based primarily on the 'National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment ' and supplemented with national data generated by the Forest Department. 5

6 Table T1 Extent of Forest and Other wooded land 1.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Forest Other wooded land Other land Other land with tree cover (Subordinated to Other land ) Inland water bodies Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Land not classified as Forest, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. All land that is not classified as Forest or Other wooded land. Land classified as Other land, spanning more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs. 1.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information GOB Inventory of Sangu- Matamuhari Reserved Forests. GOB Forestal, Forestry and Engineering International Ltd.. Inventory of Sitaphar. GOB Forestal, Forestry and Engineering International Ltd.. Inventory of Kasalong GOB Forestal, Forestry and Engineering International Ltd. Inventory of Rankiang ANON, Forest Inventory Survey of Chittagong Hill Tracts in , Forestal, Forestry and Engineering International Ltd. Hammermaster, E. T., Village Forest Inventory of Bangladesh: Inventory Results. Field Document No. 5. UNDP/FAO Project BGD/78/020 FAO Assistance to the Forestry Sector of Bangladesh. Project Findings and Recommendations. FD/BGD/79/017 Terminal Report. Drigo et al FAO/UNDP/BGD/85/085. Quality (H/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments H Extent 1958 and 1961 H Extent 1963 H Extent 1963 H Extent 1963 M Extent 1963 M Extent 1981 H Extent 1983 H Extent

7 FMP, Forestry Master Plan, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. GOB Asian Development Bank (UNDP/FAO/BGD/88/025). Main and supporting volumes Ghani,. Q., A. ALim and P.R. Stevens Rehabilitation and land use of Sal Forests. FAO/UNDP Project BGD/85/085. Revilla Jr. J. A. V et. al Final Report: Forest Inventory of the natural forests and Forest plantation (Sundarbans Forest Division) Mandela Agricultural Development Corporation and Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forests. Bangladesh. Revilla Jr. J. A. V et. al Final Report: Forest Inventory of the natural forests and Forest plantation (Cox s Bazar Forest Division) Mandela Agricultural Development Corporation and Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Forests. Bangladesh. Revilla Jr. J. A. V et. al., Final Report: Forest Inventory of the natural forests and Forest plantation (Chittagong Forest Division) Mandela Agricultural Development Corporation and Forest Department, MOEF. Bangladesh. Revilla Jr. J. A. V et. al Final Report: Forest Inventory of the natural forests and Forest plantation (Sylhet Forest Division) Mandela Agricultural Development Corporation and Forest Department, MOEF. Bangladesh. Revilla Jr. J. A. V et. al Final Report: Forest Inventory of the natural forests and Forest plantation (Coastal Afforestation) Mandela Agricultural Development Corporation and Forest Department, MOEF. Bangladesh. Sylvander, R., Latif, M. A. and Karlsson, A Forest Inventory of the Sal Forests of Bangladesh. Forestry Sector Project, Forest Department, MOEF, Bano Bhaban, Dhaka. M Extent 1985, 1990, 1991, 1992 M Extent 1990 H Extent 1995 H Extent 1996 H Extent 1996 H Extent 1996 H Extent 1998 H Extent 2000 SYB, Statistical yearbook M Extent

8 of Bangladesh. Twenty-First edition. Bangladesh Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka. GOB, Ek-najare Bangladesh Ban Bibhag, Information Cell, National Tree Planting Movement and Tree Fair. ANON, Office Letter of BFIDC, No. 455 of 19 Dec National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment M Extent 2002 M Extent 2004 H Extent Classification and definitions National class Hill Forest Natural Mangrove Mangrove Plantation Plain Land Sal Forest Unclassed State Forests Forest Under Rubber Village Forest Open Sal Forest Khas Forest Lands Strip Plantation Haor Baor Forests developed over tertiary hills along the northeast and southeast fringe of the country. Forests naturally developed in the active delta of river Padma along the coast of Bay of Bengal. Artificially created plantation of mangrove species over the estuary of the river Meghna Forest, naturally developed in the Pleistocene terrace, spread over the central and northern region of the country. It is also hill forests but not classed as forest. Rubber plantation managed for latex production. Homestead garden intensively managed where fruits are preferential species. These are original Sal forest, which have been but depleted over time and their density is poor. The forest in the govt. khas land, but not managed. The afforestation along the roads, railway line, Bangladesh Water Development Board embankment and linear strips. A haor is a low-lying area consisted of bowl shaped depressions or succession of depressions. A baor is a oxbow lake formed in a dead arm of a river Original data A. Hill Forests 1. Kassalong Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Scattered trees Plantation Total

9 2. Rankhiang Variable Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Scatter trees Plantation Total Sitapahar Natural Forests Plantation (teak) Sub total Non-productive forests Other Sub-Total TOTAL Sangu Matamuhari Timber mixed Bamboo Timber Sub Total Jhum Other Sub Total Total Chittagong Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Forests Scatter trees OWL Plantation Total

10 6. Cox s Bazar Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Forests Scatter trees OWL Plantation Total Sylhet Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Forests Scatter trees OWL Plantation Total Jhum Plantations The FMP, 1993 has indicated following area of Jhum Control plantations in the hills. Forest Plantation (1990) Jhum Plantations B. Plain Sal Forests 1. Dhaka Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Tangail Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Mymensingh Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total

11 4. Dinajpur Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Rangpur Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Rajshahi Natural Forests not available Plantation (wood lot) not available Total not available C. Littoral Forests (Mangrove and Coastal Afforestation) 1. Sunderbans Forests Plantations Total Coastal Afforestation Coastal Areas Bhola CA Chittagong CA Noakhali CA PatuaKhali CA Total D. Rubber Plantation Rubber Plantations E. Unclassed State Forests There is more than 700,000 ha of hill land under district administration and most of this land is barren and lacks forest cover (GOB, 1993 Page 84 Main volume). No information is available on extent of forest cover on this land except for following plantations in the hills (FMP, 1993). Hence its area, excluding following plantations, will be classified as Other Land under FRA

12 Forest Plantation (1990) Khagrachari 1.41 Bandarban Pulpwood 8.72 Bandarban 9.36 Kaptai Pulpwood F. Strip Plantations Bangladesh Forest Department (GOB, 2002) estimates that the country has about 72, km long strip plantations. If average width of these plantations is assumed to be 10 meters then 1 km long plantation is equal to 1 hectare and the total strip plantation in Bangladesh in 2002 may be treated as covering about 72, 498 ha. It will be classified as Other Land with tree cover under FRA G. Village Homestead Forests The Forest Master Plan indicates that about 270,000 ha are under village homestead forests comprising of bamboo as well as trees (GOB, Statistical Report Village Forest Inventory- Page 1, one of the supplementary volumes to the Forest Master Plan ). It will be classified as Other Land with tree cover under FRA Other Wooded Land (OWL) 289 Other Land (OL) Inland Water (W) 2022 Cultivated Land (Cult.) 8327 Forest Plantations (FP) 237 Shrubs (S) 289 Annual Crops (CA) Codes Area (000ha) Hill forest (FH) 551 Sal forest (FSa) 34 Mangrove forest (saltwater) (FM) 436 H. National Forest Assessment International National Land Use Classes LUCs Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Forest Forest Natural (F) (F) Forest 1,442 1,442 (FN) 1,204 Bamboo or mixed Bamboo/broad- (FB) 184 leaved forest Long rotation forest plantation (PL) 131 Short/medium rotation forest (PS) 54 plantation Mangrove Plantation (PM) 45 Rubber Plantation (PR) 8 Shrubs (Sh) 266 Swamps with shrubs (Sw) 23 Barren/Grass Land (BG) 89 Annual Crops without trees (CA0) 6,583 Annual Crops with trees ha (CA1) Annual Crops with trees >0.5 ha (CA2) 126 Perennial Perennial Crops without trees (CP0) 19 Crops (CP) Perennial Crops with trees ha (CP1) Perennial Crops with trees >0.5 ha (CP2) 79 Range Land/ Pasture (RL) 25 Wooded land with shifting cultivation (Fallow) (Fa) 327 Rural settlement without trees (SR0) 95 Rural settlement with trees ha (SR1) 1,090 Villages (Vill.) 2862 Rural settlement with trees > 0.5 ha (SR2) 1,677 Built-up Areas(BUA) 104 Inland Water (W) 2022 Urban settlements (SU) 85 Highways and other artificial areas (HA) 19 Lake (WL) 43 River (WR) 1,070 Pond (WP) 286 Haor & Baor (WHB) 622 Total country area of Bangladesh 14,757 12

13 1.3 Analysis and processing of national data Calibration National Statistics on Total Area and Inland water bodies area Country Variables Area ( 000 hectare) Inland Water Haor, Baor & Lakes Rivers Ponds Total for country Country Area 14,757.0 Source: SYB 2000, Table page-20. UN Statistics on Total Land Area and Inland Water bodies The total area of the country in FAOSTAT is 14,400 (000 ha) and the area of inland water is 1383 (000 ha), which is different than the above. The calibration has been done to match the area of the country and inland water bodies with FAOSTAT/UNSTAT by adjusting these area differences in the area of the other land Estimation and forecasting The estimating and the forecasting for 1990, 2000 and 2005 have been done separately for each sub-national forest boundary of inventory or assessment as these has been inventoried or surveyed in different years as indicated in the original data. A. Hill Forests 1. Kassalong The linear trend has been used for natural forests and bamboo area. Since only one point information was available for Bamboo, Scattered trees and Plantations same figure has been used for 1990, 2000 and Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Scattered trees Plantation Total

14 2. Rankhiang The linear trend has been used for natural forests and bamboo area. Since only one point information was available for Bamboo, Scattered trees and Plantations same figure has been used for 1990, 2000 and Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Scatter trees Plantation Total Sita Pahar The linear interpolation and extrapolation method has been used for estimating area of natural forests, plantations and non-productive forests in 1990, 2000 and Natural Forests Plantation (teak) Sub total Non-productive forests Other Sub-Total TOTAL Sanghu Matamuhari The linear interpolation and extrapolation method has been used for estimating areas of timber and bamboo-timber natural forests. The area of Jhum has been assumed constant since Timber mixed Bamboo Timber Sub Total Jhum Other Sub Total Total

15 3. Chittagong The interpolation and extrapolation method has been used for estimating and forecasting the area of natural forests. Since bamboo had only data hence same figure has been assumed for the three reference years. Area under plantation for 1990 has been interpolated, while for 2000 and 2005 it has been assumed same as in The area under scattered trees for 1990 has been interpolated for 1990 but for 2000 and 2005 it has been treated as remainder area such that the total does not increase the actual original level of Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Forests Scatter trees Plantation Total Cox s Bazar The interpolation and extrapolation method has been used for natural forests. Area under plantation for 1990 has been interpolated, while for 2000 and 2005 it has been assumed as in The area under Scattered trees for 1990 has been interpolated for 1990 but for 2000 and 2005 it has been treated as remainder area such that the total does not increase the actual original level of Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Forests Scatter trees OWL Plantation Total Sylhet The interpolation and extrapolation method has been used for estimating and forecasting the areas of natural forests. Area under bamboo has been interpolated for 1990 but for 2000 and 2005 it has been assumed same as in The area under plantation for 1990 has been interpolated, while for 2000 and 2005 it has been assumed as in The area under Scattered trees for 1990 has been interpolated for 1990 but for 2000 and 2005 it has been treated as remainder area such that the total maintains the original level of Natural Forests Bamboo Sub Total Forests Scatter trees OWL Plantation Total

16 6. Other Plantations The area in 1990 has been assumed for 2000 and 2005 since there was only one point in time information available for the following plantations in the hills Khagrachari Bandarban Pulpwood Bandarban Kaptai Pulpwood Jhum control Total Total Hill Forests The above estimating and forecasting for different forest areas has lead to the following total of forest, bamboo, plantation and scattered trees (OWL) areas in the hills of Bangladesh Natural Forests Bamboo Sub-total Forests Plantation Sub-Total Forests and Plantation Scattered trees (Other wooded lands)_ Grand Total B. Plain Sal Forests The figures for 1990 and 2000 were available. The figures of 2000 have been assumed for 2005 as they present more realistic picture of the forest resources on the ground. 1. Dhaka Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Tangail Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Mymensingh Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total

17 4. Dinajpur Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Rangpur Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Rajshahi Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total Total Plains Forest The above figures lead to the following total of the forest resources in the plains of Bangladesh Natural Forests Plantation (wood lot) Total C. Littoral Forests (Mangroves and Coastal Afforestation) Interpolation and extrapolation has been used to estimate the areas figures for 1990, 2000 and 2005 in littoral forest of Bangladesh. 1. Sunderbans Natural Forests Plantation Total Coastal Afforestation Interpolation and extrapolation has been used to estimate data for 1990, 2000 and Coastal Areas Bhola CA Chittagong CA Noakhali CA PatuaKhali CA Total

18 Total Littoral Forests Forests Plantations Total D. Rubber Plantations The figure for 2005 has been assumed same as of Rubber Plantation E. Unclassed State Forests There is more than 700,000 ha of hill land under district administration and most of this land is barren and lacks forest cover (GOB, 1993 Page 84 Main volume). Detail information is not available on extent of forest cover on this land. Since only point (1992) information is available for village homestead forests the same information is being assumed for 1990, 2000 and Un-classed State forests F. Strip Plantations Bangladesh Forest Department (GOB, 2002) estimates that the country has about 72, km long strip plantations. If average width of these plantations is assumed to be 10 meters then 1 km long plantation is equal to 1 hectare and the total strip plantation in Bangladesh in 2002 may be treated as covering about 72, 498 ha Strip plantations G. Village Homestead Forests Since only point (1992) information is available for village homestead forests the same information is being assumed for 1990, 2000 and This assumption is also based on the cultural practice to maintain and conserve village homesteads Village homestead forests

19 H. Total Hills, Plain and Littoral Forests and Rubber Plantation National Natural Forests Hills Plain Littoral Sub Total Plantations Hills Plain Littoral Rubber Sub Total Sub Total Forest Scattered Trees (OWL) Homestead Forest and Strip Plantations The same figures from NFMA have been assumed valid for For the previous reference years, the change rate of ha of forest per year (calculated in the period ) has been applied to the NFMA figures. For other wooded land the change of 1000 ha per year has been applied. This assumption was necessary since the latest available figures from the NFMA were not directly comparable with the previous forest inventories, and their comparison would have led to an unrealistic trend in forest cover areas over the period Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Country Variables Forest Other Wooded land FRA 2005 Categories Other land Other land of which with tree cover Inland Water bodies Natural Forests 100 Forest Plantation 100 Scattered Trees 100 Rubber Plantations 100 Unclassed State Forests 100 Strip Plantations 100 Village Homesteads 100 All remaining national categories 100 Haor, Baor & Lakes 100 Rivers 100 Ponds 100 (Note: Inland water bodies areas will be calibrated (set equal to) with area of Inland water bodies in FAOSTAT. The area of the land remaining after accounting forests and other wooded land will be allocated to the category of other land ) For the National forest assessment there is no need of reclassifying since the categories of Forest, Other wooded land, other land and inland water already correspond to the FRA categories. 19

20 1.4 Data for Table T1 FRA 2010 categories Area (1000 hectares) Forest Other wooded land Other land of which with tree cover 2209 Inland water bodies Total for country Comments to Table T1 Variable / category Forest Other wooded land Other land Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the reported trend Data are different from FRA2005 report that was based on partial inventories from different reference years. Present data have been updated based on National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment (NFA) which is supported by remote sensing analysis. The reliability of the figures is confirmed by the fact that the BSS in 2000 reported that forest area was 2.6 million ha and 2.5 in These figures are much higher than what here reported but the BSS mainly reports on legally designated forest area which also include garden areas (NFMA ) Other land with tree cover Inland water bodies As found through remote sensing study. Other general comments to the table The national land use categories and definitions are already defined in the NFA supported by the FAO of the UN and the information in the above table has been derived from the said inventory. Expected year for completion of ongoing/planned national forest inventory and/or RS survey / mapping Field inventory National forest inventory was compiled in 2006 under NFA supported by FAO. Remote sensing survey / mapping Remote sensing analysis and mapping was completed in

21 2 Table T2 Forest ownership and management rights 2.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Public ownership Private ownership Individuals (sub-category of Private ownership) Private business entities and institutions (sub-category of Private ownership) Local communities (sub-category of Private ownership) Indigenous / tribal communities (sub-category of Private ownership) Other types of ownership Forest owned by the State; or administrative units of the public administration; or by institutions or corporations owned by the public administration. Forest owned by individuals, families, private co-operatives, communities, corporations and other business entities, religious and educational institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs, nature conservation associations and other private institutions. Forest owned by individuals and families. Forest owned by private corporations, co-operatives, companies and other business entities, as well as private non-profit organizations such as NGOs, nature conservation associations, and religious and educational institutions etc. Forest owned by a group of individuals belonging to the same community residing within or in the vicinity of a forest area. The community members are co-owners that share exclusive rights and duties, and benefits contribute to the community development. Forest owned by communities of indigenous or tribal people. Other kind of ownership arrangements not covered by the categories above. Also includes areas where ownership is unclear or disputed. Categories related to the holder of management rights of public forest resources Public Administration Individuals/households Private institutions Communities Other form of management rights The Public Administration (or institutions or corporations owned by the Public Administration) retains management rights and responsibilities within the limits specified by the legislation. Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to individuals or households through long-term leases or management agreements. Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to corporations, other business entities, private cooperatives, private non-profit institutions and associations, etc., through long-term leases or management agreements. Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to local communities (including indigenous and tribal communities) through long-term leases or management agreements. Forests for which the transfer of management rights does not belong to any of the categories mentioned above. 2.2 National data Data sources 21

22 References to sources of information National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment Quality (H/M/L) H Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Landuse area, Growing stock, Biodiversity and regeneration, Social and Economic products/ services, Biomass & carbon Due to small area coverage under Sal forests and Mangrove plantations, distribution of sample plots were inadequate for the two categories as inventory layout follows systematic sampling Classification and definitions National class State ownership Public Ownership Regional Community Ownership Indigenous Ownership Industrial Ownership Individual Ownership Other/Unknown Ownership Forest owned by the State; or administrative units of the public administration; or by institutions or corporations owned by the public administration. The forest lands under land ministry. Forest owned by a group of individuals belonging to the same community residing within or in the vicinity of a forest area. The community members are co-owners that share exclusive rights and duties, and benefits contribute to the community development. Forest owned by communities of indigenous or tribal people. Forest owned by private corporations, co-operatives, companies and other business entities, as well as private non-profit organizations such as NGOs, nature conservation associations, and religious and educational institutions etc. Forest owned by individuals and families. Forest owned by individuals, families, private co-operatives, communities, corporations and other business entities, religious and educational institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs, nature conservation associations and other private institutions Original data National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment Ownership category Area (000ha) % Public ownership Private ownership of which owned by individuals of which owned by private business entities and institutions of which owned by local communities of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities Other types of ownership TOTAL

23 2.3 Analysis and processing of national data Calibration Estimation and forecasting Since no data is available on the forest ownership apart from the NFMA data, the same percentages of different ownerships have been applied to the forest areas as from T Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories 2.4 Data for Table T2 Table 2a - Forest ownership Forest area (1000 FRA 2010 Categories hectares) Public ownership Private ownership of which owned by individuals of which owned by private business entities and institutions of which owned by local communities of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities Other types of ownership TOTAL Note: If other types of ownership is reported, please specify details in comment to the table. Does ownership of trees coincide with ownership of the land on which they are situated? If No above, please describe below how the two differ: Not applicable Yes No Table 2b - Holder of management rights of public forests FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Public Administration n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Individuals n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Private corporations and institutions n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Communities n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Other n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. TOTAL n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 23

24 2.5 Comments to Table T2 Variable / category Public ownership Private ownership Other types of ownership Management rights Comments related to data, definitions, etc. FAO s commensurate with National s Comments on the reported trend Data reflected in the table T2 has been generated for the first time under the NFA Other general comments to the table Data presented here is derived from National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment

25 3 Table T3 Forest designation and management 3.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Term Primary designated function The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legal prescription, documented decision of the landowner/manager, or evidence provided by documented studies of forest management practices and customary use. Protected areas Areas especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. Categories of primary designated functions Production Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest products. Protection of soil and water Forest area designated primarily for protection of soil and water. Conservation of Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. biodiversity Includes but is not limited to areas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas. Social services Multiple use Forest area designated primarily for social services. Forest area designated primarily for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. Other Forest areas designated primarily for a function other than production, protection, conservation, social services or multiple use. No / unknown No or unknown designation. Special designation and management categories Area of permanent forest Forest area that is designated to be retained as forest and may not be converted estate (PFE) to other land use. Forest area within Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the protected areas purpose for which the protected areas were established. Forest area under sustainable forest management To be defined and documented by the country. Forest area with Forest area that has a long-term (ten years or more) documented management management plan plan, aiming at defined management goals, which is periodically revised. 3.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information FMP, Forestry Master Plan, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. GOB (Government of Bangladesh) Asian Development Bank (UNDP/FAO/BGD/88/025). Main and supporting volumes Forest Resources Management Project Quality (H/M/L) M Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments As designated under different inventories 1985, 1990, 1991 and FRA2010 report mainly based on the 'National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment '. 25

26 (FRMP) Inventory Forestry Sector Project (FSP) Inventory National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment ANON, Office Letter of BFIDC, No. 455 of 19 th December H M Rubber 2004 Plantations Classification and definitions Following has been assumed since there is no national classification by designation for forests. National class Production Hill and Plains Forests less areas under forests designated for Conservation, Social services and Protection of Soil and water. All Rubber Plantation Protection of Soil and Rankheong, Kassalong, and Sangu, Matamuhuri reserves in Chittagong Hill Water tracts Conservation of Protected Areas (PAs) Biodiversity Social Services Multiple Purpose Areas under ecological and Safari parks Forest lands that provide multiple usages to the society e.g. wood, fuel, environmental and production purposes Original data A. Protected Areas Forest Areas Protected Area Hill Forest and Plantations Himchari National Park Sal Forests and Plantation Lawachara National Park Rema-Kalenga WS Hail Haor Hazarikhil Chunati WS Teknaf Game Reserve Kaptai National Park 5.46 PablaKhali Wildlife Sanctuary Medha Kachapia National Park 0.40 Sathchari National Park 0.24 Khadim Nagar National Park 0.68 Fashiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary 1.30 Sub TOTAL Bhawal National Park Modhupur National Park Ramsagar National Park Mirpur Botanic Garden Sub TOTAL

27 Littoral Forests Sundarbans East WS Sundarbans South WS Sundarbans West WS Nijum Dweep National Park Char Kukri-Mukri Wildlife 0.04 Sanctuary Sub TOTAL Grand Total PA (WS= Wildlife Sanctuary) B. Social Services Areas Forest Type Social Service Areas Hill Forests Rampahar-Sitapahar Dulahazara Safari Park Madhabkunda Eco Park Sitakundu Botanical Garden and Eco Park Banskhali Eco-Park 1.20 Tilahgarh Eco-Park Borshizora Eco-Park Sub-total 8.21 Sal Forests Litoral Forest Baldah Garden Modhutila Eco Park Dhanshiri Eco-Park 0.02 National Botanic Garden, Dhaka 0.09 Sub-total 0.23 Kuakata Eco-Park 5.66 Sub-total 5.66 TOTAL C. Protection of Soil and Water Forest Type Protection of Soil and Water Areas Rankhiang and Kasalong Forests less Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary Hill Forests and Plantations Sangu-Matamuhuri reserve forests D. Multiple Function Areas Forest Type Littoral forests TOTAL All areas of natural mangroves (saltwater) and mangrove plantations less "PA"s TOTAL

28 E. Production Forests Areas Forest Type Hill Forests and Plantations All areas less Rankhiang, Kassalong, Sangu-Matamuhuri, "PA"s and Social service areas. All areas less "PA"s and Social Service areas Sal Forests and Plantations Rubber Plantations All areas under rubber plantations TOTAL Analysis and processing of national data Calibration The different percentages of forest designation have been applied to the total forest area for 1990, 2000 and 2005 as coming from T Estimation and forecasting Not needed Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories A. Primary Function National Percentage of area serving Primary function Production Protection Conservation Social Ser. Multiple Production 100 Protection 100 Conservation 100 Social Service 100 Multiple Data for Table T3 Table 3a Primary designated function FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Production Protection of soil and water Conservation of biodiversity Social services Multiple use Other (please specify in comments below the table) No / unknown TOTAL

29 Table 3b Special designation and management categories FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Area of permanent forest estate Forest area within protected areas Forest area under sustainable forest management n.a. n.a. n.a. 978 Forest area with management plan n.a. n.a. n.a Comments to Table T3 Variable / category Production Protection of soil and water Conservation of biodiversity Social services Multiple use Other Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Hill and Plain land forests less area designated under Conservation, Social services and Protection of Soil and water. Rankheong, Kassalong and Sangu- Matamuhuri reserves in Chittagong Hill Tracts Protected Areas (PAs) Areas under ecological and safari parks included Forest land provides multiple usages to the society e.g. wood, fuel, environmental and production services Comments on the reported trend FRA 2010 categories were different from the categories designated for the previous years Newly included areas of Sangu- Matamuhuri forest reserves Trend of forest area within this category may not be realistic due to necessary adjustment that was made to the forest area figures because of differences in the datasets. New areas included. Afforestation in the coastal areas included. No / unknown designation Area of permanent forest estate (PFE) Forest area within protected areas Forest area under sustainable forest management Forest area with management plan All reserved forests declared under Forest Act 1927 All designated Protected Areas (PAs) namely wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and game reserve The forest which is managed to produce regular and continuous supply of desired forest produces. Areas under approved Management Plans for 10/20 years aiming to achieve defined management goals. Forest area under the PFE Data available for the first time Other general comments to the table Data taken mainly from FD data sources and National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment Hail Haor is excluded from the list of PAs since it does not belong to the PA under forest categories. 29

30 4 Table T4 Forest characteristics 4.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Term / category Naturally regenerated forest Introduced species Characteristics categories Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest Other naturally regenerated forest of introduced species (sub-category) Planted forest Planted forest of introduced species (sub-category) Special categories Rubber plantations Mangroves Bamboo Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration. A species, subspecies or lower taxon, occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans). Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species. Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. Planted forest, where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species. Forest area with rubber tree plantations. Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. Area of forest and other wooded land with predominant bamboo vegetation. 4.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information National Forest and Tree Resources Assessment FMP, Forestry Master Plan, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. Quality (H/M/L) H Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Landuse area, Growing stock, Biodiversity and regeneration, Social and Economic products/ services, Biomass & carbon M Characteristics 1985, 1990, 1991 and Natural mangrove forests is considered as primary forest; Hill and Sal forests are considered as other naturally regenerated forests. FMP, Forestry Master Plan, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. GOB (Government 30

31 GOB (Government of Bangladesh) Asian Development Bank (UNDP/FAO/BGD/88/025). Main and supporting volumes ANON, Office Letter of BFIDC, No. 455 Dated : M Rubber Plantations 1992 of Bangladesh) Asian Development Bank (UNDP/FAO/BGD/88/025). Main and supporting volumes 2004 ANON, Office Letter of BFIDC, No. 455 Dated : Classification and definitions National class Naturally regenerated forest Introduced species Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest Other naturally regenerated forest of introduced species (sub-category) Planted forest Planted forest of introduced species (sub-category) Special categories Rubber plantations Mangroves Bamboo Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration. A species, subspecies or lower taxon, occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans). Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species. Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. Planted forest, where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species. Forest area with rubber tree plantations. Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. Area of forest and other wooded land with predominant bamboo vegetation Original data Plantations Protective Plantations Teknaf GR Chunati WS Sundarbans Costal Afforestation Sub Total Productive plantation (Total less protective) Total Plantation