Chapter 6 Life Systems Assignment. Due: Day 1 #7 Day 2 #14 Day 3#22 Day 4#

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1 Chapter 6 Life Systems Assignment Due: Day 1 #7 Day 2 #14_ Day 3#22 Day 4# Directions: Answer all questions on these sheets Work alone on these sheets in class. Do NOT leave this to the last minute. INTRODUCTION 1. What is the main ingredient for life? (1) 2. What is the source of this ingredient? (2) 3. In point form, what is the definition of the following terms: (10) a) Ecosystem b) Producers c) Consumers d) Primary consumers e) Decomposers 4. What is the difference between a food chain & a food web? (4) 1

2 5. Referring to figure 6.3 on page 94, give an example of a 4 link food chain. (2) FOOD PYRAMID 6. At each level of the food chain, energy flows in 3 directions. (p94) (3) 1. _ 2._ 3._ 7. Define the following terms: (4) a) food pyramid b) trophic level 8. All of the following statements about food pyramids are false. Cross out the word or words which make it incorrect and replace it with the correct words. (8) 1. All of the energy in a plant flows to the herbivore upon consumption of the plant. 2. The pyramid shape means that the energy available steadily increases at each new level. 3. The base of the pyramid represents the amount of energy supplied by all the consumers in an ecosystem. 4. Many carnivores can be supported at the top of the pyramid. 5. Each succeeding layer in the pyramid is narrower than the one below it because 50% percent of one layer s energy is available to the creatures in the next layer. 6. Decomposers are in each layer of the pyramid consuming & breaking down organic materials to supply consumers with the inorganic elements needed to start a new food production cycle. 2

3 7. The first consumers in the pyramid obtain the least energy. 8. There are fewer organisms at each trophic level because the amount of energy increases at each new level of a food pyramid. 9. Answer the following questions based on what you learned from question 8. (9) a) Why can people gain more energy by using plants for food than eating animals further up the food chain? b) What does this mean for a world trying to feed an expanding population? c) Answer question 11 (p97) in this space. TOXINS IN THE FOOD CHAIN - Bioamplification 10. Fill in the missing words which make this paragraph make sense. (7) There is an unfortunate consequence to the food pyramid. Toxins introduced at trophic levels will build up through the food chain and when order consumers eat organisms with toxins in their tissues, they receive _ concentrations of toxins than the lower level organisms did. When DDT was used as a, many carnivores showed signed of. Many died, while others had serious problems. For example, eggs of peregrine falcon developed _ shells & broke before hatching. 11.What are 2 reasons why toxins exist in higher concentrations in higher order consumers? (2)

4 12. What impact does having higher concentrations of toxins have for humans? Refer to DDT & mercury (P97). (4) 13. Answer question 14 (page 98) in this space. (4) 14. Read the case on pages and answer the following questions. (12) a) What impact does world wind patterns have on the spread of DDT to Northern Canada? b) What are some of the chronic problems experienced by people who are exposed to DDT? c) Are the Aboriginal People able to control the contamination of the Arctic? Why? d) Why do many countries still use pollutants such as DDT? e) What are some solutions proposed by scientists? f) Countries have reason for using pollutants like DDT. Do these reasons outweigh the risks? 4

5 ECOSYSTEMS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 15. Define climax vegetation. (2) 16. What are some factors which account for different ecosystems existing in different parts of the world? (2) 17. Analyze figure 6.8 on page 102 and answer the following questions, a) Of the ecosystems listed below, put them in order from the largest (1) to the smallest (9). (hint: % land mass it occupies). (2 points) Boreal forest Desert Mountains Savanna Scrub Temperate forest Temperate grassland Tropical rain forest Tundra b) What 2 ecosystems are widespread in the high latitudes (eg. Canada, Northern Russia) (2) c) Name the forest ecosystem in the low latitudes (near the equator). (1) d) What is the predominant ecosystem in South America? (1) e) What 3 continents do NOT experience a tundra ecosystem? (3) f) Name the ecosystem of our province. (1) g) What 2 ecosystems dominate Africa? (2) h) The temperate grassland would be best for which type of primary economic activity? (1) 5

6 CLIMATE & ECOSYSTEMS 18. Describe the relationship between climate & ecosystem. (4) 19. Examine figure 6.9 (keeping figure 6.8 in mind). The following statement are false. Cross out the words which make it false and insert the words which make it true. (5) a) When temperature & precipitation are high, the boreal forest ecosystem can be found in the low latitudes. b) When temperature is high but precipitation is low, a tundra ecosystem exists. c) A temperate deciduous forest has the coolest temperatures. d) The grasslands ecosystem is closest to the tropical rain forest in terms of temperature but receives less rain. e) The higher the temperature & the lower the precipitation, the more lush the vegetation will grow. 20. Examine figure 6.8 & 6.9 again. Grasslands are in Canada, the United States and in Argentina. Put them in order of the hottest to the coldest. What accounts for this difference? (2) 21. Based on figure 6.10, how are altitude (mountains) and latitude similar in terms how ecosystems change from lowest region to highest? (read p103-4 too). (2) 6

7 22. Using figure 5.1 (p.75) & figure 6.8 (p.102) and complete the following table. (14) Ecosystem Climatic Conditions Type of Vegetation Tundra Boreal Forest Temperate Forest Temperate Grasslands Savanna Desert Tropical Rainforest Mountain 7

8 23. Fill in the following table by referring to figure 6.9 (p.103) (7) Ecosystem? Average Annual O Temperature ( C) Average Annual Precipitation (cm) Read the information on figure 6.12 (p. 106) and write the name of the correct ecosystem to match each letter description. (7) {Note: you should be able to describe each of these ecosystems} Ecosystem Letter A Ecosystem Name B C D E F G 25. Examine the climographs on page 107. Identify each one with the name of its ecosystem & describe the seasonal climatic conditions. (8) Climograph Ecosystem Description of Climatic A B C D 26. Climate influences the type of vegetation growing in a particular ecosystem. Plants need sunlight, heat, water, nutrients & air. Climate provides them all but one. Which one is provided by soil? (1) 8

9 ADAPTATION IN ECOSYSTEMS 27. Explain what is meant by the statement: Plants & animals adapt to their ecosystem. (2) 28. For each of the following ecosystems, list all the adaptations found on pages (12) Ecosystem Adaptations Tundra Boreal Forest Tropical Rainforest Deserts 9