Combining ability and heterosis for seed cotton yield, its components and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.

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1 Indian J. Agric. Res., 49 (2) 2015: Print ISSN: / Online ISSN: X AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE Combining ability and heterosis for seed cotton yield, its components and quality traits in Gossypium hirsutum L. Madhuri Sawarkar, Anita Solanke, G.S. Mhasal and S.B. Deshmukh Department Of Agricultural Botany, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola , India. Received: Accepted: DOI: / X ABSTRACT The present study is aimed to estimate general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability and heterosis of hybrids for seed cotton yield and fibre quality traits. Three female lines crossed with six testers in line x tester fashion. Analysis of variance for combining ability indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters under study except plant height, 2.5% span length and oil content. The parents AK032 and AK053 among the lines and DR-7R among the testers were found to possess significant GCA effects for most of the yield contributing characters. Maximum heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant was recorded by AK023 x DR-7R over the standard check. The highest significant heterosis in desirable direction for fibre strength was recorded by AK023 x DR-7R followed by AK023 x AKH-976 over the check. Key words: Combining ability, Gossypium hirsutum L., Heterosis, Line x tester analysis. INTRODUCTION Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important fibre crop and plays a vital role as a cash crop in commerce of many countries such as USA, China, India, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Australia and Africa. Cotton crop is mainly cultivated for fibre. Development of new variety with higher yield and fibre quality are the primary objectives of cotton breeding programmes. The first step in successful breeding program is to select appropriate parents. Line x tester analysis provides a systemic approach for the identification of suitable parents and cross combination for the investigated traits. Combining ability provides information for the selection of parents as well as the nature and magnitude of gene action involved in the expression of traits. The concept of combining ability was introduced by Sprague and Tatum (1942). According to them general combining ability (gca) is average performance of a parent in a series of crosses and specific combining ability (sca) designates those cases in which certain combinations perform relatively better or worse than would be expected on the basis of average performance of lines involved. The variance of gca includes additive and additive x additive portions, while sca includes non-additive genetic portion. Hence combining ability, which is important in the development of breeding procedures, is of notable use in crop hybridization either to exploit heterosis or to combine the favorable fixable genes. The general objectives of this study were to evaluate general combining ability of parents, specific combining ability and heterosis of hybrids in cotton for yield, yield components and fibre quality traits and selecting superior hybrids that can be used in breeding programmes of cotton. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three lines namely, AK053, AK023 and AK032 were crossed to each of six testers i.e. AKH-780, AKH-9916, IET-6, DR-7R, AKH-976 and AKH and the resulting 18 crosses and 9 parents along with one commercial check viz. PKV Hy-2 were grown in a randomized block design with three replications at Cotton Research Unit, Dr. PDKV., Akola, during The plot consisted of a single row of 10 plants each. Spacing between two rows and within two plants in a rows was 60 cm. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants in each plot for 14 characters. The estimation of heterosis was done by calculating the superiority of the F 1 over better parent and standard check. Combining ability analysis was carried out according to the model given by Kempthorne (1957). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of variance for various characters has been presented in (Table 1). It is revealed that from data (Table 1) that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the traits except number of monopodia and 2.5% span length. This indicated the presence of substantial genetic variability among all the genotypes for the trait under study. *Corresponding author gajananmhasal11@gmail.com.

2 Volume 49, Issue 2, TABLE 1: Analysis of variance for various characters Combining ability effects: Analysis of variance for combining ability is presented in Table 2. The mean squares due to females were significant for days to 50% flowering, 50% boll bursting, 2.5% span length and oil content. While the mean squares due to males were significant only for plant height, 2.5% span length and oil content. The mean square due to females vs. males were highly significant for days to 50 % flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant and seed index and fibre strength. This indicated the presence of significant differences among males and females for these traits. Similar results were reported by Patil et.al (2012) and Patel et.al (2012). The estimates of general and specific combining ability effect for all the traits are presented in (Table 3) and (Table 4). Among male parents, AKH-976, was a good general combiner for fibre fineness (-0.313), 2.5% span length (0.931) and oil content (1.093). IET-6 was a best general combiner for days to 50% boll bursting (-4.00) and plant height (10.648). DR-7R was a best general combiner for boll weight (0.309). AKH-780 was best general combiner for days to 50% flowering (-1.093), days to 50% boll bursting (-3.444) and fibre fineness (0.298). Among female parents, AK032 was found as best general combiner for number of sympodia per plant (1.165). AK023 was found as best general combiner for days to 50% flowering ( ), days to 50% boll bursting (-5.111) and 2.5% span length (0.576). AK053 was found as best general combiner for boll weight and oil content. Similar results were reported by Nidagundi et. al (2011), Patil et.al (2012) and Patel et.al (2012). The highest significant desirable sca effect was observed in AK032 x AKH-780 for days to 50% flowering ( ) and days to 50% boll bursting (-6.444), in AK053 x IET-6 for number of sympodia per plant (2.507) and boll weight (0.496). The highest significant sca effect was observed in AK023 x DR-7R (9.326) for number of bolls per plant and for boll weight in AK023 x DR-7R (0.674) and for seed cotton yield in AK023 x DR-7R (13.519). Hence, these genotypes were recognized as the best parental material among the available genotypes and can be used as parents in hybridization programmes. Similar results were reported by Nidagundi et al. (2011), Patil et al. (2011) and Patel et al. (2012). Heterosis: The performance of hybrids over better parent and standard check hybrid were estimated for yield and fibre properties and are presented in (Table 5). The hybrid AK023 x DR-7R (32.24%) recorded highest standard heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant followed by AK053 x AKH-976 (23.68%). These crosses also exhibited significant heterosis

3 * Significant at 5% level of significance * Significant at 5% level of significance Note: Note: TABLE 3: Estimation of General Combining ability effects of parents TABLE 2: Analysis of variance for combining ability 156 INDIAN JOURNAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

4 Volume 49, Issue 2, Note: * Significant at 5% level of significance TABLE 4: Estimation of Specific Combining ability effects of crosses

5 Note: * Significant at 5% level of significance H1 Heterobeltiosis. H2 Standard heterosis TABLE 5: Heterobeltiosis and Standard heterosis for different characters 158 INDIAN JOURNAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

6 over better parents. The cross combinations of AK053 x AKH-976 (60.68%), AK053 x AKH (47.86%), AK023 x AKH976 (40.16%), AK053 x IET-6 (38.02%) and AK023 x DR-7R (34.90%) showed highest positive significant heterobeltiosis for seed cotton yield. AK023 x DR- 7R showed significant heterosis for bolls per plant over the standard check (32.94%). The cross AK023 x AKH-976 showed positive significant heterosis for bolls per plant over the standard check (55.19%). Similar results were reported by Neelum Dheva et.al (2000), Potdukhe (2001) and Patil et.al (2012). For fibre quality, the five crosses showed significant positive heterosis over the standard check for 2.5% span length. The cross, AK023 x AKH-976 exhibited significant heterosis for 2.5% span length over standard check (14.79%) followed by AK023 x AKH (11.57%), the cross AK023 x DR-7R exhibited highest significant heterosis for fibre strength over standard check (11.11%) followed by Volume 49, Issue 2, AK023 x AKH-976 (10.92%), AK023 x AKH-780 and AK023 x IET-6 exhibited significant heterosis for fibre fineness over standard check (18.18). Similar results were reported by Huseyin Basal (2011), Kaushik and Singh (2012), Patil et. al (2012) and Patel et.al (2012). For oil content, the cross AK053 x AKH-976 exhibited highest significant heterosis over standard check (28.49%) followed by AK023 x AKH-976 (28.13%). Similar results were reported by Dani (1989). These crosses revealed significant desirable standard heterosis simultaneously for seed cotton yield and its components studied. Hence, these crosses were found to be promising for improvement of yield through exploitation of non-additive component in breeding programmes. So this cross may be employed to high heterotic response. However the performances of this cross have to be evaluated in large scale trials. REFERENCES Dani, R.G. (1989). Heterosis and combining ability for oil content and other economic traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Indian J. Genet., 49(1): Huseyin Basal, Oner Canavar, Naqib Ullah Khan And Cem Serdar Cerit. (2011). Combining ability and heterotic studies through line tester in Local and exotic upland cotton genotypes. Pak. J. Bot., 43(3): Kaushik, S. K. and Singh. J. (2012). Study of fibre quality, yield and yield contributing characters in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J. Cotton Res. Dev. 26(1): Kempthorne, O. (1957). An Introduction to Genetic Statistics, John Wiley and Son Inc. New York, Champman and Hall Ltd. London, pp., Neelam Dheva, I. Satange V. and Potdukhe N.R. (2002). Combining ability for yield and other morphological characters in Gossypium hirsutum L. J. Cotton Res. Dev. 16(2): Nidagundi, J. M., Deshpande, S. K. Patil B. R. and Mane. R. S. (2011). Combining ability heterosis and for yield and fibre quality traits in American cotton. Crops Improve. 38(2): Patel N.A., Patel, B.N. Bhatt J.P. and Patel. J.A. (2012). Heterosis and Combining ability for seed cotton yield and component traits in inter specific cotton hybrids (Gossypiumhirsutum L. x Gossypium barbadense L.) Madras Agric. J., 99(10-12): Patil, S. A., Naik, M.R. Pathak V.D. and Kumar V. (2012). Heterosis for yield and fibre properties in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) J. Cotton Res. Dev. 26(1): Potdukhe, N.R. (2001). Heterosis and identification of superior crosses in upland cotton. Crops Improve, 28 (2): Sprague, G.F. and Tatum L.A. (1942). General Vs. specific combining ability in a single cross corn. J. Amer. Soc. Agron., 34: