Corine Land Cover and Land & Ecosystem Accounting tools

Transcription

1 Enrichment of the MedWet Inventory Method Exploring applications of Remote Sensing techniques and of Spatial Data Infrastructure Corine Land Cover and Land & Ecosystem Accounting tools Jean-Louis Weber European Environment Agency

2 Preamble: a new EEA report to come... The state of the environment in the coastal areas of Europe Updated from ETC/TE 2005 deliverable (version 2.1) prepared by: Françoise Breton (Project coordinator), Carlota Montori & Aleix Canalís (UAB), Alejandro Iglesias (JdA) With collaborations from Oscar Gomez, Roger Milego and Ferran Pàrramo (GIS team-etc-te), Stefan Kleeshulte and Jaume Fons (ETC-TE), Dominique Richard and Sophie Condé (ETC-BD), Steve Nixon (ETC-W), Sebastien Colas (IFEN), Gonzalo Malvárez (UPO) and EU WG-ID on ICZM EIONET comments incorporated: October 2005 English revision performed: November March 2006 An integrated assessment of issues such as... EEA Project manager: Andrus Meiner

3 ...coastal erosion...

4 ...pressure on the coast (urban, )!"#$

5 ...nature protection which is mostly concentrated on the 1st km of coast... %&' "($#)( *!+ +* Number of sites Distance to the coast (km)

6 ...change in land cover... %&,+-&... * Net Change in Land Cover % of initial year % Artificial areas Arable land & permanent crops Pastures & mosaics Forested land Semi-natural vegetation Open spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

7 ...urban land take and increase are more important in the 1st km %&& + * % area North Sea Mediterranean Black Sea Baltic Sea Atlantic % km % km % km % km

8 ...and assessment of the ecosystems potentially impacted /0 +

9 CLC and land & ecosystem accounts: Outline Corine land cover 1990 & 2000: main sources for assessing land cover state and changes resulting from land use Land accounting as the tool for systematic assessments Land accounts as an infrastructure for developping ecosystem accounts and a tour of Mediterranean wetlands...

10 Corine land cover as a common reference CLC2000

11 CLC: 1 nomenclature for 34 countries (of which 23 completed for 2 dates, 31 for 1 date and 2005 in preparation) 1 2A 2B Artificial areas Arable land & permanent crops Pastures & mosaics 2B1 Pastures 2B2 Mosaic farmland 3A Forested land 3A1 Standing forests 3A2 Transitional woodland & shrub 3B 3C 4 Semi-natural vegetation Open spaces/ bare soils Wetlands 5 Water bodies

12 Wetlands in Corine 5-1land 0 0 cover I n la n d m a r s h e s P e a t b o g s S a lt m a r s h e s S a lin e s I n t e r t i d a l f l a t s W a t e r c o u r s e s W a t e r b o d ie s C o a s t a l l a g o o n s E s t u a r ie s NB: Rice fields can be isolated as well and added to the list above CLC maps landscape units > 25 ha and broder than 100 m small wetlands can be found in other CLC classes, in particular in mosaics of agricuture and nature

13 Accounting for Land Cover

14 Accounting with Corine land cover

15 Satellite image (Image 2000)

16 Discontinuous urban fabric CORINE Land Cover Industrial or commercial units Coniferous forest Sclerophyllous vegetation Water courses

17 European Reference Grid 1x1 Km

18 Land cover accounts are produced for 1 km² grid cells K1000 E3666 N Discontinuous urban fabric Industrial or commercial units Coniferous forest Sclerophyllous vegetation Water courses 7 6 Total surface: 100 Ha Each grid cell is given attributes: Country, administrative region, river basin, coastal zone/hinterland, bio-geographical region, river basin, landscape type. It facilitates queries and reporting

19 !"#"$%& Land cover change accounts: from maps to statistics CORRESPONDANCE BETWEEN LAND COVER CHANGES (CLC LEVEL 3) AND THE LAND COVER FLOWS LCF1 LCF2 LCF3 LCF4 LCF5 LCF6 LCF7 LCF8 LCF9 Urban land management Urban residential sprawl Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures Agriculture internal conversions Conversion from other land cover to Withdrawal of farming Forests creation and management Water bodies creation and management Changes due to natural & multiple causes 243 Land principally occupied by w ith significant areas of natural vegetation 244 Agro-forestry areas 311 Broad-leaved forest 312 Coniferous forest 313 Mixed forest 321 Natural grassland 322 Moors and heathland Sport and Fruit trees Construction Green urban Non-irrigated Permanently Dump sites leisure Rice fields Vineyards and berry Olive groves sites areas arable land irrigated land facilities plantations Extension of dumpsites Extension of dumpsites Extension of dumpsites Extension of dumpsites Extension of dumpsites Extension of dumpsites Extension of dumpsites Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Construction Development of green urban areas Development of green urban areas Development of green urban areas Development of green urban areas Development of green urban areas Development of green urban areas Development of green urban areas Extension of sport and leisure facilities Extension of sport and leisure facilities Extension of sport and leisure facilities Extension of sport and leisure facilities Extension of sport and leisure facilities Extension of sport and leisure facilities Extension of sport and leisure facilities marginal land to Intensification of forest to forest to forest to marginal land to marginal land to marginal land to Intensification of forest to forest to forest to marginal land to marginal land to marginal land to Intensification of forest to forest to forest to marginal land to marginal land to marginal land to Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture forest to forest to forest to marginal land to marginal land to marginal land to Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture forest to forest to forest to marginal land to marginal land to '( ) ( marginal land to Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture forest to forest to forest to marginal land to marginal land to Main annual conversions between and forests/ dry semi-natural land in ha/year Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation Conversion from wetlands to Conversion from dry semi-natural & natural land to Conversion from forest to

20 And back to maps, e.g. land uptake by artificial development, NUTS2/3, deviation of the European average, mean annual values ESPON HYPERATLAS - MULTISCALAR TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

21 e.g. Urban sprawl in the province of Venice, , cells of 1 km x 1 km wetlands in the background Legend 6 Artificial surfaces Net Change in Land Cover % of initial year Arable land & permanent crops Pastures & mixed farmland Forests and transitional woodland Natural grassland & semi-natural vegetation Open spaces with little or no vegetation Wetlands Water bodies Land uptake by urban Value Wetlands Inland marshes Peat bogs Salt marshes Salines Intertidal flats Water courses Water bodies Coastal lagoons Estuaries Despite possible threats from sea level rise and the permanent ecological problems of the lagoon due to eutrophicating surpluses, urban and infrastructures development has continued in the province of Venice.

22 From land cover to ecosystem accounting

23 Land based ecosystem accounting % )% )% ( ( 4 0! *) ') ')! ) +) %3%,("'#(1#"$ 15$(1#"$ 1),("'12)(1#"$

24 Accounting for ecosystems: 5 questions How much? (land cover units, small ecosystems, rivers, biomass, water...) In which state/health? ( homeostasis resilience modification process with no return collapsus) Which supply of goods and services? What are the stressors and the responsible sectors? Wealth and other values, the Natural Capital

25 Ecosystem health: counts of diversity/integrity Ecosystem Distress Syndrome model: Disruptions of nutrients cycling (loss or excess) Degradation of substrates (fragmentation, water stress, chemical stress) Change in species composition (invasive ) General approach Systematic check up At any scales For any habitat types Specific diagnosis Selection of markers and threshold values according to: Habitat types (detailed) Region, Context Can be enlarged to: Sustainability of systems (without subsidies, energy input ) Ability to support healthy population Focussed research of stressors Overharvesting land/rivers restructuring deposition of residuals introduction of species

26 Framework of Ecosystem and Natural Capital Accounts Spatial integration Economic sectors Ecosystem types Basic stocks/flows accounts (including land cover accounts) Counts of integrity/diversity & ecosystem state Material flows & ecosystem services Supply & use of ecosystem goods and services Natural assets accounts Ecosystem Stocks & State Accounts Natural Capital Accounts Economic integration

27 Ecosystem services Ref to Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:

28 Wetlands accounts application: individual systems and statistical approach Ukraine TULCEA Total area : sq.km Legend NATURAL AREAS: 482,592 ha POLDERS: 97,408 ha Agriculture: 39,974 ha Fishculture: 35,967 ha Forestry: 6,442 ha Restoration areas: 15,025 ha (courtesy Danube Delta National Institute) WETLANDS 1990 OF N-W EUROPE EEA/ETCTE

29 Integration of space monitoring into ecosystem accounting: land cover change x NPP x structure/texture x short time variability x stratification of in situ monitoring (biodiversity, water ) Forest structure (MODIS-Multi-angle/JRC-IES) Fires Droughts (SPOT4-Vegetation/ CNES Vito) Vegetation productivity, seasonal change (MERIS/JRC-IES) Texture, parcelisation changes (Landsat/JRC-IES)

30 Integrated land cover, land use and ecosystem monitoring & accounting a nested approach T T+10 1/ (LC main trends, Vegetation & Humidity + Pan-European, Global ) 1/ Corine Land Cover (EU/Countries, Regions, Basins, Ecological corridors) 1/10 to In situ monitoring (Cities, Natura2000 sites, coastal zones, risk areas) SocioEconomic Statistics Fauna, Flora, Physico-Chemical parameters SocioEconomic Statistics Fauna, Flora, Physico-Chemical parameters

31 ... a tour of Mediterranean wetlands, as seen by land accounting and spatial analysis of CLC data

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43 Arable & permanent

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46 Forest creation

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