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1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES (Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci.) Traditional Knowledge among the Natives of Singrauli district in Madhya Pradesh Rajesh Kumar Dwivedi MIG-1, Deendayal Nagar, Sidhi, (M.P.) -India Abstract Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh is well known for highest density of bioresources and gives very precious natural habitat for flora and fauna. The natives are residing in and out side of the forests mostly utilize a number of plants for their basic requirements. Some of the significant contribution obtained by the natives of the study area is mentioned in the present paper. The present paper enumerates the traditional knowledge among the natives of Singrauli district in Madhya Pradesh, India. Key words: Traditional knowledge, Natives, Singrauli Introduction Our country has a rich treasure of herbal resources due to the diversity of agro-climatic conditions spread over the country from tropical to temperate zones, costal plains to high attitudes and semi-arid to highly humid evergreen forests. It is, therefore, an advantageous position to produce a number of herbs used by the natives 1-2. So far, there has been no organized research set up to continually recharge scientific inputs in order to make their cultivation not only economically viable but also more profitable, so that they can claim their due share in the cropping systems of the country. The workers have paid attention towards the medicinal plants. However, sincere step towards the traditional knowledge have not been done, so far. Singrauli is situated in the eastern part of Madhya Pradesh and the adjoining southern part of Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, collectively known as Singrauli. The area is emerging as India s energy capital, the place earlier known as Shringaval, named after the sage Shring, was once upon a time covered with dense and unavailable forests and inhabited by tribals and wild animals. Till date no any systematic work has been done so far, therefore, the present work was conceived to reveal the traditional knowledge among natives of Singrauli district in Madhya Pradesh. * Corresponding Author Methodology Twenty five study sites scattered over five tehsels were selected on the basis of floristic pattern and population of natives. The traditional knowledge was obtained by the natives and knowledgeable person. Before actually launching into fieldwork, discussions were held and guidance sought from natives at different centers. The local informants were of five types, chosen by selected sampling and random sampling methods. Systemic field trips of the study sites were made during the September 2002 to August The entire region was covered and three places in each block were touched. Data regarding to herbal heritage were collected as per plan suggested. Every effort has been made to assign the correct botanical name of the herbs used by tribes 3-5. During the course of present investigation timber and fuel wood plants, dye yielding plants and commerce and cottage industry based plants were enumerated. Results and Discussion Timber and Fuel wood plants Forests are renewable resources for raw materials like timber, firewood and other economic and medicinal plants and have a major contribution in the economic development of our country. Moreover, they play a vital role in the life and economy of tribal and rural people. The tribals collect and utilized many wild woody shrubs and trees for timber and fuel wood (Table 1). They also sell timber and fuel wood plants in the local market, which is an additional source for their live hood. 5659

2 Table 1: Timber and fuel wood plants Botanical Name Local Name Family Habit Status Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. Babul Mimosaaceae MT Common Adina cordifoliua Roxb. Haldu Rubiaceae T Endangered Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bel Rutaceae MT Common Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Siris Mimosaaceae T Common Anoguissus latifolia Wall. Dhawa Combertaceae T Endangered Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Meliaceae MT Common Butea monosperma Roxb. Palas Fabaceae MT Common Boswellia serrata Roxb. Salai Buraeraceae T Common Cassia fistula L. Amaltas Caeslpiniaceae MT Common Dandrocalamus strictus Nees Bans Poaceae A Common Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Tendu Ebenaceae MT Common Feronia limonica L. Kaitha Rutacaeae T Vulnerable F. racemosa L. Umar Moraceae MT Endangered Holorrhena antidysentrica Wall. Baridudhi Apocynaceae ST Endangered Madhuca indica Gmel. Mahua Sapotaceae T Common Mangifera indica L. Aam Anacardiaceae T Common Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Harsingar Oleaceae Sh Vulnerable Pngamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Karanj Eabaceae ST Common Piterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Bijahara Fabaceae T Vulnerable Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Jangal jalebi Mimosaceae ST Common Benth Schleichera oleosa Oken. Kusum Sapindaaceae T Endangered Sterculia urens Roxb. Kullu Sterculiaceae T Rare Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeeks Jamun Myrtacaeae T Common 5660

3 Tamarindus indica L. Imali Caesalpiniaceae T Common Tectona grandis L. Sagon Verbenaceae T Common Terminalia arjuna W.&A. Kahawa Combertaceae MT Vulnerable T. bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Bahera Combertaceae T Endangered T. chebula Retz. Harra Combertaceae T Common Vitex negundo L. Nirgundi Verbenaceae Sh Common Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. Ber Rhamnaceae Sh Common Abbreviation used: T= Tree, MT= Middle Tree, ST= Small Tree, Sh= Shrub, L= Least, A= Arborescent Dye Yielding Plants Since time immemorial, tribal and rural people have practiced the art of dyeing the clothes and other items by vegetable and natural dyes. Indeed, the weavers for dyeing different domestic articles such as clothes, bamboo baskets, flowerpots, ropes, threads, mats etc. used the natural dyes. Moreover, vegetable dyes have been reported to be used by confectioners and weavers. In order to get the desired colour and better results dyeing is done in yarn stage. In addition to dyeing the domestic articles and textiles, these have also been used in colouring and painting. During the course of present investigation author have some idea about the dye yielding plants of the study area. Table 2: Dye yielding plants Botanical Name Local Name Family Habit Parts Used Colour Acacia catechu Willd. Katha Mimosaceae MT Heart Wood Red-black Basella alba L. Poi Basellaceae GT Ripe fruits Deep purple Bauhinia purpurea L. Kachnar Caesalpiniaceae ST Flowers Purple Bixa oreliana L. Sinduri Bixaceae ST Seeds Sinduri Clitoria ternata L. Aprajita Fabaceae WT Flowers Blue Curcma domestica L. Haldi Zingiberaceae RH Rhizome Yellow Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Amarbel Cuscutaceae PT Shoot Yellow Emblica officinalis Amla Euphhorbaceae ST Fruits *Dark Gaertn. Hibiscus rosasinensis L. Gurhal Malvaceae SH Flowers Red Lawsonia inermis L. Mehandi Lythraceae SH Leaves Dark Brown Piper betle L. Pan Piperaceae AC Leaves Deep Red Polygoniium chinensis L. Polygoniaceae AH Plant *Dark Psidium guajava L. Amrood Myrtaceae ST Ripe fruits *Brown Tagetes erecta L. Genda Asteraceae AH Flowers Yellow Tectona greandis L. Saugon Verbenaceae MT Bark Reddish AH= Annual Herb, AC=Annual Climber, RH= Rhizomatous Herb, PT=Parasitic Twiner, SH= Shrub, ST= Small Tree, MT= Middle Tree, GT= Glabrous Twiner, WT= Woody Twiner Commerce and Cottage Industry based plants 5661

4 Commerce and small-scale cottage industries are based on plants and minor forest products. Balance exploitation of these can help the tribal and rural people to achieve economic prosperity and consequentially a better standard of life. However, forest depletion has been rapid and the direct demand industrial purpose. on forest has been mounting. Yet, the situation is not very bad, because the natives if left on their own to manage their affairs have an inbuilt system of balancing their needs and are of their environment and ecology. The inhabitants utilize a number of plants (Table 3) for commercial, economic and Table 3: Commerce and cottage industry based plants Botanical Name Common Family Parts Used Economic Product Name Acacia arabica Auct. Babool Mimosaceae Gum Gum Bambusa arundinacea Ait. Bans Poaceae Stem Basketry Bauhinia vahil (W.&A.) Benth. Kachnar Caesalpiniaceae Leaves Plate making Buchanania lanzan Spr. Chirongi Anacardiaceae Seeds Edible seeds Butea monosperma Roxb. Palas Fabaceae Leaves Shoot Plate making Lac Crotalaria juncea L. Aprajita Fabaceae Shoot Cordage Cyprus pangorei L. Sarpat Cyperaceae Leaves Mat making Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Tendu Ebenaceae Leaves Bidi making Guizotia abyssinica (L.) Cass. Ramtil Asteraceae Seeds Oil extraction Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Mac Br. Mahua Sapotaceae Flowers Alcohol extraction Seeds Oil Oryza sativa L. Dhan Poaceae Grains Paddy/Rice Phoenix acaulis L. Khajur Palmae Leaves Broom and Mat Sterculia urens Roxb. Kullu Sterculiaceae Gum Gum Tamarindus indica L. Imli Caesalpiniaceae Fruits Fruits Terminalia arjuna W.&A. Kahawa Combertaceae Bark Tannin and Tea Vetiveria zizaniodes (L.) Nash. Khas Poaceae Roots Leaves Perfume Broom Conclusion Thenatives and rural people utilized a number of timber and fuel wood plants to fulfill their basic requirements. They also sell these plants in the local market, which is an additional source for their live hood. The species viz., Acacia nilotica (Babul), Adina cordifoliua (Haldu), Aegle marmelos (Bel), Albizia lebbeck (Siris), Anoguissus latifolia (Dhawa), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Butea monosperma (Palas), Boswellia serrata (Salai), Dandrocalamus strictus (Bans), Diospyros melanoxylon (Tendu), Piterocarpus marsupium (Bijahara), Pithecellobium dulce (Janjal-jalebi), Schleichera oleosa (Kusum), Sterculia urens (Kullu), Syzygium cumini (Jamun), Tamarindus indica (Imali), Tectona grandis (sagon), Terminalia arjuna (Kahawa), T. bellerica (Bahera), T. chebula (Harra), Vitex negundo (Nirgundi), and Zizyphus mauritiana (Ber). Out of 28 species used as timber and fuel plants, some species are threatened in the study area and needs urgent conservtion before they become extinct. The different domestic articles such as clothes, bamboo baskets, flowerpots, ropes, Feronia limonica (Kaitha), Holorrhena threads, mats etc. have been dyeing by the natural antidysentrica (Baridudhi), Madhuca indica dyes. The nativesand rural people have also used (Mahua), Mangifera indica (Aam), Nyctanthes numerous species in colouring and painting. During arbortristis (Harsingar), Pngamia pinnata (Karanj), the festivals, marrige and other religious ceremonies, 5662

5 the inhabitants utilized a number of natural dyes obtained from the various parts of many plant species. The native of the study area have adequate knowledge and special techniques of dyeing and colouring. The natives and rural people can achieved the economic prosperity and better standard of life by minor forest products. A number of economic products such as gum, basketry, cordage, perfume, broom, tannin, tea, fruits, seeds, oil, alcohol, plate, mat and bidi have been obtained, prepared and extracted by the native s of the study area. They sell these products in nearby village market and get the additional income. Moreover, they also utilized these products in their day-to-day needs. However, forest depletion has been rapid and the direct demand on forest has been mounting. References 1. Dwivedi, S.N. (1999). Traditional health care among the tribals of Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 23 (2) : Dwivedi, S.N., Dwivedi, Abhishek and Dwivedi, Sumeet (2010). Status and utilisation of medicinal plants in Shahdol district, Madhya Pradesh, India, Part 2. NutraCos (Milano-Italy), 9 : Dwivedi S.N., Dwivedi S. and Dwivedi A. (2015). Herbal Remedies for Respiratory Diseases among the Natives of Madhya Pradesh, India. Am. J. Life. Sci. Res., 3(2): Parabia, M. and Reddy, M.N. (2002). Protocol for Ethnomedicinal studies in Ethnobotany. Avishkar Publishers, Jaipur. 5. Oommachan, M and Shrivastava, J.L. (1996). Flora of Jabalpur. Scientific Publisher How to cite this article Dwivedi R.K. (2017). Traditional Knowledge among the Natives of Singrauli district in Madhya Pradesh. Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci., 8(12): Source of Support: Nil; Conflict of Interest: None declared Received: ; Revised: ; Accepted: