GCSE 4232/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification A) HIGHER TIER UNIT 2: Options Geography

Transcription

1 Surname Centre Number Candidate Number Other Names 0 GCSE 4232/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification A) HIGHER TIER UNIT 2: Options Geography A.M. THURSDAY, 22 May hour 15 minutes For s use Theme Maximum Mark SPaG Mark Awarded Section A Section B INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Total Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer one question from Section A, one from Section B and one other. Answer no more than three questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. Where the space is not sufficient for your answer, continue the answer at the back of the book, taking care to number the continuation correctly. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication used in your answers that involve extended writing. In addition, your ability to spell, punctuate and use grammar accurately will be assessed in your answer to the last sub-question of each theme. VP*(S )

2 2 SECTION A - PHYSICAl OPTIONS Answer at least one question from this section, but no more than two. Theme 7 Our Changing Coastline 1. (a) Study the map below which shows coastal areas at risk of a 2 metre rise in sea level. Coastal areas of Wales and England at risk of a 2 metre rise in sea levels Coastal areas at risk N Irish Sea North East North West Yorkshire and the Humber North Sea Wales East Midlands East of England Bristol Channel South West London South East English Channel 0 100km (i) Describe the locations of the coastal areas most at risk in England and Wales. [2]

3 (ii) 3 Study the pair of photographs below. They show the coastline at Happisburgh, Norfolk, a coastline that is eroding rapidly. The coastline at Happisburgh, Norfolk in 1988 The coastline at Happisburgh, Norfolk in 2009 Coastline 2009 N N 0 100m approx scale Use the photographic evidence to compare the coastline in 2009 with that in [4] Turn over.

4 4 (b) Describe how landforms affect the lives of people living along the coast. Use examples at named place(s) to support your answer. [6]

5 5 (c) Explain why named processes lead to the formation of coastal spits. [8 + 4] Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question Turn over.

6 6 Theme 8 Weather and Climate 2. (a) The map shows the likely occurrence of forest fires as a natural hazard in Europe. Arctic Ocean N Forest fire hazard Very low Low Moderate High Very high No data available Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea km (i) Describe the distribution of areas of Europe that have a high risk of forest fires. [2]

7 (ii) 7 The weather map shows different air pressure systems over Europe in summer Annotate the map to explain how different pressure systems can lead to differences in the amount of forest fires between the UK and other parts of Europe. [4] 20 W 10 W 0 10 E 20 E N Key 60 N 50 N L Atlantic Ocean UK 1016 FRANCE SPAIN H 1020 ITALY Mediterranean Sea 1016 Warm front Cold front Occluded front N km 1012 Turn over.

8 (b) 8 The table below shows the estimated cost in US$ of a tropical storm hitting New York in the United States. Cost of the damage Storm Type Wind Speed (km/h) Storm Centre over City Storm Centre 50 miles away Storm Centre 100 miles away Tropical Storm Up to 2 billion $ 575 million $ 130 million $ Category 1 Hurricane Category 2 Hurricane Category 3 Hurricane Up to 23 billion $ 6 billion $ 1 billion $ Up to 93 billion $ 25 billion $ 5 billion $ Up to 600 billion $ 160 billion $ 35 billion $ Use the information and your own knowledge to describe how tropical storms can affect the people and economy in any country you have studied. [6]

9 9 (c) A number of factors affect the weather and climate of the UK. One example is altitude. Explain why different factors create the variations in weather and climate experienced within and around the British Isles. [8 + 4] Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question Turn over.

10 10 Theme 9 Living Things 3. (a) Study the graph below which shows the rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon tropical rainforest between 1988 and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, (km 2 ) Area deforested each year (km 2 ) (i) Year Use the information from the graph to describe the trend in deforestation between 1997 and [2]

11 11 (ii) Annotate the satellite image below. Give two ways that people are using this ecosystem. Suggest how these uses may affect the ecosystem. [4] The dark green shows areas of undamaged tropical rainforest Turn over.

12 12 (b) The diagram below shows how people may use coastal ecosystems. Describe the local consequences of the unsustainable use of an ecosystem on people and the environment. You may refer to any ecosystem you have studied. [6]

13 (c) 13 Study the map below which shows the global distribution of different ecosystems. Global distribution of different ecosystems Tropic of Cancer Key Tropical Grassland Tropical Rainforest Temperate Deciduous Forest Taiga (Boreal Forest) Semi-Desert Subtropical Desert Woodland/Shrubland Tundra Polar Ice cap Equator Tropic of Capricorn Describe how the physical environment interacts with living things to produce different ecosystems. [8 + 4] Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. 8 4 Turn over.

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16 16 SECTION B HUMAN OPTIONS Answer at least one question from this section, but no more than two. 4. (a) Study the graph below. Theme 10 Tourism The number of tourists visiting different parts of the world (millions) Number of tourists (millions) Year Key Middle East Africa Asia and the Pacific Americas Europe (i) Describe how the overall trend in tourist arrivals is changing over time. [2]

17 17 Origin of tourists visiting Kenya in 2010 UK 16% Rest of Europe 30% USA China 3% India 5% KEY Width of arrows show % visitors travelling to Kenya (1cm = 20%) Brazil 1% KENYA Australia 2% South Africa 3% % number of visitors (ii) In 2010, 10% of visitors to Kenya came from the USA. Add an arrow to the map to show visitors from the USA. Describe the pattern shown on your completed map. [4] Turn over.

18 18 (b) Explain why attracting large numbers of tourists to sporting events like the Olympic Games or the Football World Cup can have a positive impact on the host country. [6]

19 19 (c) Describe how different physical and human factors lead to different forms of tourist development. Use named places to help your answer. [8 + 4] Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. 8 4 Turn over.

20 20 Theme 11 Retail and Urban Change 5. (a) Study the graph below. Export of flowers from Kenya (by weight) Figures in tonnes Flowers (tonnes) Year (i) Describe the trend in the export of flowers from Kenya between 2006 and [2]

21 21 (ii) Kenya, an economically developing country, supplies flowers for retail in the UK. Annotate the photographs below to show the impacts on people in Kenya. [4] George Philpas / Alamy Joerg Boethling / Alamy Turn over.

22 22 (b) Study the information below. Maps showing how the population of a city changes by day and night. Daytime Population Night time Population 1.5 km 1.5 miles Low Medium High Use the information and your own knowledge to describe how daily changes in population can have advantages and disadvantages for people who live or work in a city. [6]

23 23 (c) Retailing is changing fast and UK consumers now have a lot of choice. For example, consumers can buy fresh vegetables that have been grown all over the world. Explain why these changes are having an impact on the environment. Use one or more examples to support your answer. [8 + 4] Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. 8 4 Turn over.

24 24 Theme 12 Economic Change and Wales 6. (a) Study the table below. Coal output in England and Wales Million tonnes Deep mined Surface mining England Wales England Wales (i) Describe the trend in coal output between 2009 and [2]

25 25 (ii) Annotate the photograph to describe the possible social and environmental impacts of surface coal mining in Wales. [4] Getty Images Turn over.

26 (b) Study the photograph and text below ,000 grants for farm diversification projects in Powys A dairy farmer has used a grant to produce ice-cream Describe how traditional patterns of work are changing for many farmers in Wales. [6]

27 27 (c) Explain why secondary employment is mostly located in North East Wales and along the M4 corridor in South Wales. Use one or more examples to support your answer. [8 + 4] Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. 8 4 END OF PAPER Turn over.

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