Vegetation Management Standard. Energex

Transcription

1 Vegetation Management Standard Energex

2 Table of Contents PURPOSE AND SCOPE... 1 RESPONSIBILITIES... 1 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS... 1 REFERENCES... 3 OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION SAFETY Legal Responsibilities Energex Safety Responsibilities Clearing to Make Safe Landowners / Occupiers Responsibilities 6 3. CUSTOMER CHARTER General Access to Carry Out Work Notification, Consultation and Negotiation Assistance to the Public Complaints Resolution Process 9 4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Environmental Planning for Work Sensitive Areas Protected Areas Threatened / Protected Species Protection of Flora and Fauna Water Bodies Fish Habitat Weed Management Use of Herbicides Waste Noise Erosion and Sediment Control Cultural Heritage BUSHFIRE RISK MANAGEMENT Introduction Measures to reduce risk ELECTRICITY SYSTEMS AND VEGETATION CLEARANCE Introduction Bare Wire Systems Underground Cables Insulated Overhead Line Systems Covered Conductor Line Systems MANAGING VEGETATION NEAR OVERHEAD LINES General 15

3 7.2. Procedure Pruning or Clearing Cycles Alternatives to Pruning Electrical Options Removal of Trees Urban Areas Service Lines Rural Areas Control of Saplings and Regrowth Hand Cutting Slashing / Mulching Herbicides Cut Stump Treatment Selective Low-Volume Basal Treatment Foliar Application Stem Injection Special Requirements for Herbicide Use Sub-Transmission Lines Important Vegetation PLANTING GUIDELINES General Planting of Vegetation Maintaining Vegetation near Powerlines POWERLINE CLEARANCE STANDARDS FIGURE 3. RURAL AND SUB TRANSMISSION - BARE WIRE CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS... 27

4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE The purpose of this Vegetation Management Standard is to set out: The practices Energex will employ to manage vegetation in the vicinity of powerlines; Energex s obligations to its customers and the community in the provision of a safe and reliable network; Other ways customers can assist Energex with its vegetation management program. This Vegetation Management Standard provides a statement of Energex s obligations and commitment to its customers, as well as an outline of its vegetation management practices. As such this Standard does not fully detail all the plans, procedures and other activities and initiatives that support the achievement of the Standard s objectives. This Vegetation Management Standard applies to any Energex powerline that operates at 132,000 Volts or less. RESPONSIBILITIES The Group Manager Engineering Standards and Technology is the Process Owner responsible for approving this Reference document. The Network Maintenance Manager is responsible for maintaining this Standard. The Vegetation Policy Manager is the Subject Matter Expert (SME) for the content of this Standard. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Term Aerial Bundled Cable Clear Clearance Space Conductor blowout Easement Electric Line High Voltage (HV) Insulated Service Cable Low Voltage (LV) Occupier Point of Supply (Consumer s Terminals) Powerline Definition Means of insulated cable manufactured to Australian Standard AS3560 or AS3599 Part 1 or AS3599 Part 2 used in substitution for multiple bare conductors. Means to cut and remove the whole or part of a tree or plant. Means a space surrounding a powerline that should be clear of vegetation. Means the horizontal displacement of the conductor caused by wind. Means an easement or corridor for transmitting, distributing or supplying electricity, whether registered or unregistered. Means a wire, conductor or associated equipment used for transmitting, transforming or supplying electricity. Means voltage of 1000 Volts or more. Means a low voltage, multi-core cable insulated by a medium other than an air space as defined in Australian Standard AS SAA Wiring Rules and used for the purpose of conveying electricity through a service line. Means voltage not exceeding 1000 Volts. In relation to land, means a person who is in actual occupation of the land or if no one is in actual occupation of the land, the owner of the land. Means the point where a customer s electrical installation is connected to a service line. Means an electric line, which ordinarily operates at a voltage of 132,000 Volts or less and includes sub-transmission lines. Page 1 of 27

5 Term Public Land Regrowth Space Risk Management Zone Rural Area Sag Service Line Sub-Transmission Line Urban Area Vegetation Management Cycle Definition Means: a) Crown land; b) Land vested in any Minister of the Crown; c) Land vested in any public statutory authority or council; or d) Land (whether privately or publicly owned) used for public purposes Means the space beyond the clearance space that must be cleared to allow for anticipated vegetation regrowth in the period between pruning and/or clearing. Means the space outside the clearance and regrowth space in which unstable trees or limbs pose a risk. These may be due to factors such as disease, fractures, dead wood and erosion or failure risk in adverse weather conditions. Areas to which rural profile dimensions shall be applied and defined as those areas where property road frontages are greater than 40 m per property. Means the vertical displacement of the conductor below the point at which the conductor is attached to the supporting structure and includes any extra displacement caused by hot weather or load current. Means an electric line, including a connection to the service fuse, servicing a customer s premises from the point of supply on Energex s works to the consumer s terminals. Generally means a powerline that operates at a nominal voltage of greater than 33kV and not more than 132kV. Areas to which urban profile dimensions shall be applied and defined as areas where more than five adjacent properties have a road frontage of less than 40m per property. This is the frequency of successive pruning or clearing which Energex has calculated or determined optimal for maintaining clearance between powerlines and vegetation. It is based on practical factors including the strategic importance of the reliability of the line to the electricity network, the historical vegetation regrowth rate, the size of the clearance and regrowth space, recurrent costs, and conservation considerations. Page 2 of 27

6 REFERENCES 1. Electricity Act Electrical Safety Act Electrical Safety Regulation Electrical Safety Code of Practice Working near Exposed Live Parts - 5. Energex Environmental Policy 6. Energex Health and Safety Policy 7. Energex BMS3664 Powerline Undergrounding and Re-engineering Programs 8. Workplace Health and Safety Act Workplace Health and Safety Regulation Work Health and Safety Act and Regulations Code of Practice for Maintenance of Electricity Corridors in Queensland s Parks and Forests. 12. Fish Habitat Code of Practice 13. Fisheries Act Nature Conservation Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Vegetation Management Act Water Act Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act Queensland Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Act Environmental Protection Act Queensland Heritage Act Sustainable Planning Act Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act AS4373: Pruning of Amenity Trees, Australian Standard Page 3 of 27

7 OVERVIEW The objective of this Vegetation Management Standard is to communicate the Energex processes for managing the coexistence of overhead powerlines and vegetation. It describes how: Public Safety is ensured; Vegetation related interruptions to electricity supply are minimised; The risk of fire ignition is reduced; and A balance of electrical safety, reliability of the electricity system and community costs, with ecological and conservation values achieved. 1. INTRODUCTION Trees, shrubs and other vegetation enhance our lifestyles. They provide shade and privacy around our homes, offer habitat for birds and wildlife, and add aesthetic value to our gardens. However, vegetation interfering with powerlines can be a risk to public safety, the environment and one of the main causes of power supply interruptions. In short, powerlines and trees simply don t mix. Effective management of vegetation around powerlines is essential for preservation of public safety, the environment and reliability of electricity supply, while minimising the need for recurrent clearing and pruning of vegetation. Queensland is subject to extreme weather conditions, ranging from drought to severe storms and cyclones. Strong winds and waterlogged ground can result in trees falling across and bringing down powerlines, especially where inappropriate vegetation species are growing too close to powerlines. Fallen powerlines can lead to fatality, serious injury or major property damage. Energex maintains an electrical distribution system covering over 25 thousand square kilometres, including approximately 35,000 kilometres of poles and overhead wires servicing 2.8 million customers in South East Queensland. Therefore Energex s investment in keeping vegetation clear of powerlines is considerable. Vegetation growing on public land and private properties in urban areas is generally planted and nurtured by the landowner or occupier. However, vegetation in rural areas is generally naturally occurring and indigenous to the area. Subsequently vegetation is managed differently in towns, rural areas and around sub-transmission lines. In the scope of vegetation management our intent is to achieve a balance between environmental responsibilities and a safe, reliable and economical electricity supply to our customers. Energex recognises that there are sites of significant vegetation near powerlines requiring special consideration and treatment because of their importance to the community and the environment. This may include some vegetation that is of cultural significance to indigenous people. These areas of individual trees need to be identified and preserved with the assistance of the relevant indigenous people. 2. SAFETY Energex s Health and Safety Policy, details the broad guidelines for Energex s safety requirements and objectives. Some of the main points are: Implement a Health and Safety Management System that not only meets all statutory and industry health and safety requirements but also aims to achieve Best Practice. Page 4 of 27

8 Ensure all levels of management demonstrate commitment to and are accountable for community and work health and safety. Integrate community and work health and safety requirements into all relevant business processes and decisions. Develop and implement procedures and work practices that manage exposure to workplace hazards and risks to as low as reasonably practicable. Ensure all employees and contractors have the information, training and equipment required to competently and safely perform their work. Monitor and report compliance with statutory, industry and corporate health and safety requirements. Trees present a significant threat to safety near powerlines. The dangers include: Falling branches or trees bringing down live powerlines; Children climbing trees near powerlines; Electric shocks from vegetation touching live powerlines. Therefore vegetation near powerlines must be managed or serious consequences may result Legal Responsibilities The legal responsibilities applying to the safe management of vegetation are contained within the Electrical Safety Act 2002, the Electrical Safety Regulation 2002, the Electricity Act 1994 and the Electrical Safety Act 2002 and Regulations. The safety of workers engaged in vegetation management work is also covered by the Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995, the Workplace Health and Safety Regulation 2008 and Work Health and Safety Act and Regulations This Standard will not take precedence over Legislation and Regulation Energex Safety Responsibilities This section provides a summary of current relevant legislation and how it applies to Energex and our obligations to manage the vegetation that can impact the integrity and reliability of our electricity network and the safety of our customers. Under the Electrical Safety Act 2002 Energex has an obligation to ensure that its works are electrically safe and are operated in a way that is electrically safe. Energex has an obligation under 148 of the Electrical Safety Regulation 2002, to ensure that trees and vegetation are trimmed and other measures taken, to prevent contact with an overhead electric line forming part of its works that is likely to cause injury from electric shock to any person or damage to property. To ensure that Energex discharges its obligations under the Electrical Safety legislation, Energex follows and instructs its contractors to follow the provisions of Chapter 7 of the Electrical Safety Code of Practice for Working Near Exposed Live Parts as a minimum safety standard for managing vegetation near overhead lines Clearing to Make Safe Energex is required to remove vegetation that poses an immediate risk to public safety and the security of its electricity network. In such circumstances, Section 141 of the Electricity Act 1994 allows an electricity officer from Energex at any reasonable time, to enter a place (or property) where the electricity entity has works or an electrical installation to make the works or installation safe. This includes the clearing of vegetation around powerlines without notification to the owner or occupier of a place if Energex deems it Page 5 of 27

9 necessary for safety reasons. However, Energex will generally notify the owner or occupier as soon as possible after removal of the vegetation Landowners / Occupiers Responsibilities In most situations, electricity is supplied to a property by a service cable owned by Energex. This is attached directly to a dwelling or building or private property pole known as the point of supply. Under Section 148 of the Electrical Safety Regulation 2002 Energex is responsible for managing the vegetation around this service cable up to a certain point. Energex policy is to maintain the service cable or conductor to the customer s point of connection. Normally in an urban area this will be to the connection on the facia or raiser bracket on the house where the service line originates from an Energex numbered pole. In some locations, particularly rural this will normally be to the connection on the first property pole. There are other situations where electric lines emanate from a building on the property and carry the electricity supply to pumps or other buildings or equipment. These lines are generally the property and responsibility of the landowner. If landowners or occupiers are unsure of the ownership of electric lines, they should contact the Energex Customer Contact Centre on Landowners must exercise care in assessing the safety clearances and conducting pruning work. The relevant clearances and practices in this Standard should be used for guidance and only persons appropriately trained and accredited should undertake these works. In some places the land traversed by power lines is covered by a registered easement that has conditions attached limiting the growing of certain trees and crops, the erection of structures or fences or the placement of fill that may reduce the safe clearances from the powerline to ground level. Trees with the potential to impact the powerline may be removed by Energex under Section 140 of the Electricity Act Energex may remove trees if they have the potential to impact the powerlines and will issue instructions for the removal of other items that impact the easement or reduce the safe clearances. Before commencing any work in the vicinity of powerlines, landholders should consult the Energex Customer Contact Centre to determine the requirements for powerline safety. 3. CUSTOMER CHARTER 3.1. General Energex has established processes and guidelines to ensure that landholders affected by clearing and pruning activities are notified of planned works and where applicable, consulted with regard to how the works will be conducted. Having experience and knowledge of electricity networks Energex will assist and provide general advice to customers and the public on management, planting and maintenance of vegetation close to powerlines. Energex will make every effort to ensure public safety and maintain the integrity of the electricity network Access to Carry Out Work Energex and its agents have statutory rights of access to private and public land as provided for by the Electricity Act 1994 Page 6 of 27

10 Relevant sections of that Act are: 98 Electricity entity entitled to access to its works (1) This section applies to an electricity entity s works on someone else s land, including land that is a publicly controlled place, railway land or a protected area. (2) The electricity entity (and its employees and agents) are entitled to have unrestricted access to the works at any reasonable time and, for that purpose, may enter and pass through the land. 101 Electricity entity may take action in publicly controlled places to provide electricity etc. (1) An electricity entity may take the action in a publicly controlled place it considers necessary to provide or supply electricity, including, for example (a) opening and breaking up the soil and pavement of the place; and (b) cutting, lopping, or removing trees and other vegetation growing in or over the place; and (c) opening or breaking up a sewer, drain or tunnel in or under the place; and (d) temporarily stopping or diverting traffic on or from the place; and (e) building drains, excavations, subways and tunnels in or under the place. 140 Entry to place to protect electricity entity s works (1) An electricity officer for an electricity entity may, at any reasonable time, enter a place to prevent an obstruction or potential obstruction to, or interference or potential interference with, the building, maintenance or operation of an electric line or other works of the entity. (1A) Without limiting subsection (1), the electricity officer may enter the place to remove vegetation that is interfering, or has the potential to interfere, with the operation of an electric line or other works of the entity. (2) However, the electricity officer may enter the place only if (a) the occupier of the place consents to the entry; or (b) the electricity officer or the electricity entity gives the occupier at least 7 days notice of the intended entry. (3) The notice must state a period of not more than 1 month when entry will be made. (4) The notice is sufficient notice for each entry made during the stated period. Page 7 of 27

11 Part 2 Powers to prevent fire or electrical shock 141 Entry to make works or electrical installations safe (1) An electricity officer for an electricity entity may, at any reasonable time, enter a place where the electricity entity has works or an electrical installation to make the works or installation safe. (2) An electricity officer may, at any reasonable time, enter a place where someone else has an electrical installation to which electricity is supplied by the electricity entity to make the installation safe. (2A) Without limiting subsection (1) or (2), the electricity officer may enter the place to remove vegetation that is affecting, or may affect, the safety of works or an electrical installation mentioned in the subsection. (3) The electricity officer may disconnect supply to a works or installation until it is made safe. (4) The powers conferred by this section are in addition to the powers conferred by part 1. (5) In this section safe, in relation to works or an electrical installation, means that the works or electrical installation cannot cause fire or electrical shock Notification, Consultation and Negotiation During the normal vegetation maintenance program Energex undertakes to notify persons occupying or managing private lands, Local Government Authorities or other relevant bodies responsible for the management of public lands affected by programmed clearing or pruning either by written notice or verbally. In the case of proposed pruning or clearing on vacant land, notices may be published in local newspapers. When proposed pruning or clearing differs from established practices for specific locations, Energex will endeavour to consult with occupiers and managers of public and / or private property that may be affected by the proposed clearing. Energex will also endeavour to consult with occupiers and managers of private and / or public land: For arrangements of access to powerline easements/wayleaves; For arrangements for the approval and introduction of chemical treatment of vegetation on their land; In urban areas for the arrangement of removal and disposal of mature vegetation on their land which has potential to impact the powerline; and In rural areas, where the removal of the vegetation may affect the use of the land Assistance to the Public Energex makes every effort to ensure that any pruning or clearing conducted near powerlines by the public can be done so safely by assessing and advising of safe working distances for pruning or clearing activities and recommending safe methods for removing vegetation near powerlines. Page 8 of 27

12 This may require Energex to de-energise powerlines, perform preliminary pruning to enable safe access, or take other precautions to ensure the safety of those working near the powerline. Energex can provide the public with: Help in obtaining advice on vegetation species and their growth habit; Assistance in finding information on suitable vegetation species for planting near powerlines; and Advice on clearing and pruning alternatives, such as powerline relocation, temporary de-energisation or conversion to an insulated system, and the associated costs Complaints Resolution Process Disputes may arise from decisions made by Energex in carrying out its responsibilities to maintain safe clearances. Energex will endeavour to resolve any dispute with those affected in line with its Complaints and Dispute Resolution Procedure, which explains how we will manage complaints and disputes. This procedure includes what information we require from you, when you can expect to hear from us, and what options you have if you feel your complaint or dispute has not been handled effectively. For further information see: 4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 4.1. Environmental Planning for Work Queensland has many unique natural and cultural environments that are recognised throughout the world, and protected by legislation and regulation. This Standard will not take precedence over Legislation and Regulation. Energex is conscious of our environmental responsibilities in the provision of products and services to our customers and the community. We have been instrumental in the development and introduction of Codes of Practice that in part, deal with Vegetation Management, specifically in sensitive environmental areas. Energex has incorporated a number of procedures and work practices within its business aimed at preventing harm to the environment under the framework of an Environmental Management System that complies with ISO The Queensland Electricity Supply Industry has produced a Code of Practice for Maintenance of Electricity Corridors in Queensland s Parks and Forests. This document addresses much of the vegetation management requirements of key legislation relating to environmental and cultural matters. Maintenance activities associated with the vegetation management program are required to comply with legislation. A summary of the aspects considered in the planning and implementation of the Energex Vegetation Management Program is given below Sensitive Areas Sensitive areas are those areas that require additional operating procedures due to the risk or potential of causing environmental harm and are identified in the Corporate Geographic Information System. Examples of Sensitive Areas include: Chemical free areas as designated by the property owners (e.g. biodynamic farms, cattle feedlots and dairies); or Identified regional ecosystems; or Page 9 of 27

13 Locations of endangered, vulnerable and rare species (EVR flora and/or fauna); or Wetland areas; or Weed affected areas; or Remnant Vegetation and Essential Habitat areas; or Sites of cultural significance; or Waterways Protected Areas Protected areas are sensitive areas that are covered by, and must be protected under, legislation and / or Codes of Practice. Protected areas are defined as one or more of the following: Natural Refuges Coordinated Conservation Areas Wilderness Areas National Parks and Nature Reserves Conservation Parks Declared Fish Habitat Areas State Forest, Timber Reserves or Land Act Reserves Key Coastal Sites declared under Regional Coastal Management Plans International Agreement Areas such as RAMSAR sites Threatened / Protected Species The management of endangered species located in powerline corridors is required to be in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act Protected Species are flora and fauna defined by environmental legislation and may be assigned different conservation status. In general, all native species are protected by a variety of state, federal and local government legislation and regulations. However, there may be exceptions to this under particular circumstances. Further, their habitat and certain areas of native vegetation may also be registered or protected. Care needs to be taken to ensure compliance with all legislation and regulations in this area. While most animals will move away as a result of the presence of people or equipment in the area, native animals such as koalas and some nesting birds may remain and require specific control measures. There are two potential impacts that electricity business infrastructure and activities may have on flora and fauna: Disturbance of habitat, and Access of fauna to live electrical plant and equipment Protection of Flora and Fauna The protection of remnant vegetation is managed in accordance with the requirements of the Vegetation Management Act The protection of native Page 10 of 27

14 fauna is managed in accordance with the requirements of the Nature Conservation Act Energex vegetation management workers must adhere to the following conditions to protect flora and fauna: Dogs and other domestic animals are not permitted on work sites; All native fauna (including snakes) is protected. unnecessarily disturbed; Water Bodies Feeding of native animals is prohibited; Animals shall not be The picking or possession of protected native plants is prohibited; Movement of vehicles through sensitive areas is minimised. The protection of waterways is managed in accordance with the requirements under the Water Act The management of works surrounding water bodies (rivers, streams and lakes) poses some particular challenges due to the general sensitivity of these areas to interference and the existence of separate regulatory conditions. Exposure pathways for widespread contamination incidents affecting the foreshore and marine environments should be considered where applicable Fish Habitat The Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation has issued a code under the Fisheries Act 1994, MP04 April 2009, Code for Self Assessable Development. This Code covers maintenance works on powerlines and associated infrastructure in a declared fish habitat area or involving the removal, destruction or damage of marine plants. This Code developed with Energex s involvement, deals in part with vegetation management in Queensland s sensitive fish breeding and hatchery areas Weed Management The management of weeds is carried out in accordance with the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act Energex has an obligation to prevent the introduction of weeds to new areas of the network and the spread of existing weed infestations Use of Herbicides The use of herbicides is managed in accordance with the Queensland Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Act An important consideration is that the herbicide program be environmentally safe and supervised. Before the application of any herbicide consent should be obtained from the landholder where applicable. The following guidelines should be followed during the application of herbicides: 1) Ensure that the appropriate herbicide is used to treat the vegetation. 2) The user of the herbicide has read the label and follows the instructions on the approved label. Page 11 of 27

15 4.1.9 Waste Noise 3) The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) has been obtained from the supplier and has been read before using or storing the herbicides and the instructions are followed carefully when applying, handling or storing products. 4) A Commercial Operator s Licence and / or a Ground Distribution Contractor Licence is obtained by Contractors using ground equipment to apply herbicides on private property. 5) A Permit used by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) is required before: Using a registered herbicide for an off-label use, that is, one that is not covered by an instruction of on the approved herbicide label. Using a herbicide that is not registered. Carrying out research trials with herbicide products to generate data for registration or other scientific purposes. 6) A Distribution Permit is required from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries before using certain volatile herbicides in any of the three declared Hazardous Areas in Queensland. The operator must also be licensed. Use of these herbicides in these areas will be subject to conditions of use attached to the Distribution Permit. 7) Follow Work Health and Safety requirements and the SDS for chemical handling and storage. 8) Ensure that you are using the correct chemical application equipment for the particular herbicide and ensure that the equipment is correctly calibrated. 9) Accurate records of the use of the herbicides must be kept by law. 10) Spray drift can result in crop damage, injury to livestock, environmental damage or be a threat to human health. Correct application techniques will help minimise spray drift. 11) Discuss your plans with neighbours and spraying contractors and keep in touch with what is happening around you. 12) Investigate other pest management strategies where possible. The management of contamination and minimisation of environmental impact is carried out to comply with the Environmental Protection Act All waste generated from vegetation management works including vegetation, herbicide containers etc. shall be recycled wherever possible. Vegetation debris may be left in rural situations, where it will not pose a safety risk, to decompose naturally. The mulching of or removal of vegetation debris may be required in other situations. The mulch generated may be left on site to stabilise the site. Where debris from exotic and/or invasive weed species is likely to self-propagate, then the resultant debris should either be removed to the local landfill site or treated to prevent propagation. Vegetation management works should be carried out in a manner that will minimise any nuisance or annoyance to members of the public while achieving the objectives of the works. Care needs to be exercised to ensure that regulatory Page 12 of 27

16 standards are complied with (including council by-laws) and undue nuisance is avoided Erosion and Sediment Control Work activities may disturb the soil surface and the existing vegetation to some extent and may expose the site to erosion by wind and water. This may lead to land degradation and sediment loss in the run-off water. Care needs to be taken to minimise this impact and where possible low growing species should be retained to stabilise the site. Where the site is left exposed and has the potential to erode, appropriate measures should be implemented in accordance with recognised mitigation practices, which may include re-seeding the area with native grass/plant species. It is recognised that the disturbance of acid sulphate soils can be an issue and vegetation management works shall be carried out to minimise soil disturbance Cultural Heritage Non-indigenous heritage consists of buildings, works, relics, trees or paces of historical, scientific, cultural, social, archaeological, natural or aesthetic significance. This can include historical electrical infrastructure, particularly buildings. The Queensland legislation that governs non-indigenous cultural heritage are the Queensland Heritage Act 1992 and the Sustainable Planning Act The assessment and management of risk in regards to indigenous cultural heritage are performed in accordance with the requirements of the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act Notification of traditional owners and native title claimants is required if works are to take place in areas of known cultural heritage. These laws make it illegal to harm, excavate, relocate, take away or be in possession of indigenous cultural heritage. If Energex or staff find items that could be cultural heritage they should stop what they are doing, notify their supervisor who ll manage the situation by securing the site and contacting the relevant cultural heritage officer 5. BUSHFIRE RISK MANAGEMENT 5.1. Introduction Energex s bushfire risk management strategy has been developed to minimise the risk of fire ignition from the electrical infrastructure. The objectives of the strategy are to: Reduce the risk of personal injury arising from fire ignition from electrical assets Reduce the risk of damage to third party and network assets arising from fire ignition. Maintain compliance with relevant legislation 5.2. Measures to reduce risk The risks posed by bushfire may vary in time and intensity across South east Queensland and management of the risks to Energex assets will depend on prevailing weather conditions and ground fuel levels. The following are some of the vegetation related measures undertaken by Energex to reduce this risk. Regular cyclic vegetation maintenance Assessment of structural sound vegetation within the risk management zone Page 13 of 27

17 Cease vegetation works on extreme risk and total fire ban days 6. ELECTRICITY SYSTEMS AND VEGETATION CLEARANCE 6.1. Introduction Energex s electricity network is predominantly overhead with bare wires strung between poles, as are most electricity networks in Australia. These systems are economical to construct and maintain. Sections of the Energex network also include insulated overhead and underground systems. The cost of building and maintaining the electricity supply system is factored into Energex s tariffs and electricity pricing. An independent regulator ensures that expenses are balanced against achieving acceptable levels of reliability of supply Bare Wire Systems Traditionally the conductors on powerlines are supported by insulators on poles and towers. The insulating medium for the live conductors to ground, other structures, or buildings and vegetation is the surrounding air. This relatively low cost type of construction has enabled the vast expanses of Queensland to be reticulated with electricity. The space surrounding bare conductors should be kept free of vegetation to avoid discharge of electricity from the conductors to the vegetation and the ground. The dimensions of the necessary clearance space around conductors vary, and are dependent on a number of factors, as outlined in Appendix A Powerline Clearance Standards. When planning the construction of a new powerline, Energex makes every effort to ensure that: The selection of the line construction is the optimal cost alternative and meets town planning requirements; Where practical the route of the line avoids unnecessary and recurrent clearing and pruning of remnant vegetation; Where practicable, vegetation species suitable for growing near the powerlines are not removed; and Avoid and/or minimise harm to individual trees or vegetation communities with cultural heritage significance to indigenous parties. In selecting the route of the line, Energex attempts to establish the most economical, technically acceptable option, taking into account the ongoing costs of vegetation management, the objectives of our environmental policy, and maintenance of the distribution network. Appropriate approvals are sought from relevant bodies responsible for the management of any land the route may pass through Underground Cables The cost of underground cable systems has decreased, but remains more expensive than overhead lines. In most new residential areas, it is generally a local government planning requirement that the developer of residential land provide underground electricity supply. Greater economy is achieved if the underground system is installed as part of general civil works. The investment in an underground system is reflected in the sale price of the allotments. Clearly underground cables overcome most of the ongoing vegetation issues associated with overhead bare conductor lines. However, the cost to replace existing high voltage Page 14 of 27

18 and low voltage lines with underground cables in established roadways cannot be justified as this expense cannot be adequately funded under the current regulated financial arrangements. Generally, Energex will not replace bare conductor systems with underground cables to avoid the clearing and pruning of vegetation, unless other parties fund the cost of the works. Energex has developed a number of programs for part funding the replacement of overhead lines with undergrounding cables (BMS3364), especially where there are environmentally sensitive vegetation corridors Insulated Overhead Line Systems Two types of insulated overhead line systems are commonly used. These are Aerial Bundled Cable (ABC) and service cables. ABC is an insulated cable laid up in a bundle of three or four and supported on poles. A service cable is the insulated wire connecting the customer s installation to the network. These systems being insulated require reduced clearance space to that of bare conductors. The design of ABC and service cable allows contact with vegetation without any transfer of electrical potential, or disturbance to the electricity supply. However, continual rubbing by limbs will damage the cable insulation.and expose the bare conductors. For this reason, some clearance space from potentially damaging vegetation should be maintained Covered Conductor Line Systems Covered Conductor Thick (CCT) is a covering over 11kV lines which provides protection from falling twigs and bark. It has good insulation qualities, but no earthed screen and cannot be regarded as touch safe. The vegetation profile is the same as bare wire. CCT lines are still affected by large branches that can cause a conductor drop. 7. MANAGING VEGETATION NEAR OVERHEAD LINES 7.1. General Energex s electricity network consists of a high voltage sub-transmission system that connects cities/towns and rural areas, and high and low voltage distribution systems that deliver electricity to customers homes and businesses. Energex aims to manage the risks associated with vegetation in the vicinity of power lines in this network, with the following objectives: Ensure public safety; Minimise the risk of fire ignition caused by contact between vegetation and overhead lines; Minimise the number of interruptions and disturbances to supply caused by vegetation; Protect customer and network assets from damage; Minimise the effect of the management of vegetation around powerlines on the natural environment; Comply with legislative requirements including Cultural Heritage and Environmental Protection; Comply with the Energex Environment Policy; and Comply with the Energex OH & S Policy. Page 15 of 27

19 To achieve these objectives the program is based on management practices that minimise the need for recurrent clearing and pruning of vegetation using a combination of manual, mechanical and chemical treatment methods determined on a best-for-location basis. Vegetation growing on public land and private properties in urban areas is generally planted and nurtured by the landowner or manager. However, vegetation in rural areas is in general naturally occurring and indigenous to the area. Subsequently vegetation is managed differently in cities/towns, rural areas and around sub-transmission lines. Vegetation management activities are undertaken with regard to Energex s policies and procedures Procedure Many factors have an influence on the vegetation management option selected for any particular location and tree or group of trees. Qualified personnel shall carry out management works in accordance with this Vegetation Management Standard to ensure that appropriate management options are carried out. Where alternative electrical options (see Section 6.5.1) are not feasible (including economically feasible), vegetation can be managed either by pruning or by complete removal Pruning or Clearing Cycles The frequency of clearing cycles is based on practical factors including regrowth rates, fire risk, climate, type of vegetation, recurrent costs, conservation considerations etc. Urban areas are generally managed on an annual cycle. Inland rural areas are generally managed every two to four years. Trees should be pruned to acceptable arboricultural standards set forth by Australian Standard AS4373 Pruning of Amenity Trees. Where these methods are considered inappropriate, e.g. species that require pruning more frequently than is practical or acceptable, alternatives to pruning shall be considered (see Section 6.5). Trimming of trees around powerlines involves several types of reduction pruning, back to a growth point, a branch fork or lateral, in harmony with natural target pruning. The following benefits exist for this type of pruning: Maintaining the shape of the tree as far as possible Prevention of rapid regrowth into the cleared area Direction of growth away from the powerlines Extension of the tree trimming cycle. Trimming of trees is required by the Electrical Safety Regulation 2002, which states An electricity entity must ensure that trees and other vegetation are trimmed and other measures taken to prevent contact with an overhead electric line forming part of its works that is likely to cause injury from electric shock to any person or damage to property. The purpose of the Electrical Safety Act 2002 is to establish a legislative framework for (a) preventing persons from being killed or injured by electricity; and (b) preventing property from being destroyed or damaged by electricity.. The industry accepted minimum clearance distances are contained in Appendix A. Extra clearance is required for bushfire prone areas. Extra clearance distance must be made for regrowth, the type of vegetation, the climate, the whip of the tree in the wind, the conductor blowout of the powerline, the sag of the powerline on a hot day,, etc. Page 16 of 27

20 The branches to be trimmed will generally be taken back to branch collars therefore the vegetation will generally be cleared further from the powerlines than the distances specified in Appendix A. Note The use of spikes in climbing trees is not acceptable as it severely wounds the tree and allows for insect attack and entry of disease. Spikes are only allowed for removals or rescue of an injured worker Alternatives to Pruning There are a number of methods for maintaining clearance between powerlines and vegetation; the most common method used is pruning. Alternative methods will be considered if they are economically feasible or where the vegetation concerned is of significance or heritage value or listing or where vegetation cannot be successfully pruned. Likewise prior to removing a tree other options may be considered. Owners of trees are encouraged to consider alternatives to pruning or removal. Energex may also benefit by considering alternatives to pruning which decrease maintenance costs and increase reliability of supply Electrical Options The following electrical options may be considered as alternatives to pruning or removal: The use of conductors such as Aerial Bundled Cable to minimise the amount of trimming; Relocating powerlines to avoid vegetation; Replacing overhead lines with underground cables problem; Offsetting cross arms to one side to increase clearances; and Using taller poles. to eliminate the Where landowners or Councils seek to implement any electrical options, Energex should be consulted. Energex may give consideration to contributing to the cost of the work if it reduces the cost of future vegetation control and improves the reliability of the electricity supply Removal of Trees 7.5. Urban Areas In some cases, the pruning method may not address the problem and the tree may need to be removed. This can be for the following reasons: The tree will grow too rapidly into the powerlines. The tree is unsuitable to be underneath or in proximity to powerlines. A palm that cannot be pruned without causing the plant to die. Bamboo that has the potential for canes to drop onto or clash with the powerlines. Extreme caution needs to be exercised when removing trees and all safety precautions taken to avoid danger to individuals and damage to property. The vegetation pruned generally includes the clearance space and additional regrowth space. The regrowth space enables the establishment of a sustainable pruning cycle, the Page 17 of 27

21 period of which is determined by local growing conditions and species, and a balance between the effect on vegetation, cost and risk. In urban areas the management cycle is normally 12 months. In situations where pruning cannot be conducted without destroying the vegetation s character, amenity and utility value, or encouraging vigorous regrowth, removal is likely to be the best solution. Similarly, in some cases pruning may cause the vegetation to become unstable, unhealthy and a public hazard. In such instances, the vegetation is usually made safe or removed. In urban areas, any debris left behind during the pruning process is normally removed within 24 hours of being trimmed. Energex consults with the occupier or land managers for the removal of unsuitable species and vegetation that endangers the safety or the reliability of the powerline, taking into consideration important vegetation as detailed in Section Service Lines Service lines are the cables that connect the powerline to the property. In urban areas, this will generally be a single span of insulated cable from the roadside pole to an attachment on a building (point of supply). In rural areas, the attachment of the service cable is likely to be to a pole erected approximately 20 metres inside the property boundary. Service lines are generally insulated; however, continual rubbing by vegetation can damage the cable. A fallen service line usually affects supply to only one property. So in severe storms which may impact on electricity supply to large areas, a damaged service line is generally made safe first and fixed at a later time after repairs to other network assets.. So to minimise personal inconvenience and safety, all residents and landowners should ensure that vegetation is planted and maintained clear of the service line Rural Areas The extent and number of powerlines in rural areas requires a different management approach to that used in urban areas. Response times to incidents of vegetation affecting the electricity supply is normally significantly greater than the time taken in urban areas. Lines can be extremely long (up to 200 kilometres) and access can often be difficult, particularly in adverse weather conditions. Management cycle times in rural areas are typically longer than urban areas and the method to manage the coexistence of vegetation and powerlines in rural areas varies from region to region based upon a number of factors. To achieve effective vegetation management in rural areas, species whose mature height could have the potential to interfere with the operation of the powerline are generally removed at an early growth stage to minimise future cost and supply disruption to the area. Where practical, low growing vegetation that poses no threat to the reliability and safety of the powerline is usually not removed, except to provide maintenance access. Maintaining the necessary vegetation clearance is achieved by a combination of manual, mechanical and chemical treatment, slashing and/or periodic vegetation removal. The method chosen will be determined on a best for location basis, balancing cost and environmental impact. For voltages 33kV or below, mature trees may be left within the easement where they are assessed to not pose a hazard to the powerline or do not impede access. Overhang may be allowed where a risk assessment determines that the vegetation is unlikely to fail or will have minimal impact on the Network. Page 18 of 27

22 The vegetation clearing profiles vary for different voltages, and a general guide has been listed in Appendix A, however our experienced vegetation officers take many factors into account when determining the most suitable clearances to apply. In rural areas the debris is generally left behind after the pruning process to breakdown naturally over time where this won t affect the use of the land. Chemical treatment may also result in an amount of debris which is left on site and also expected to break down over time. Safe access must also be provided for maintenance vehicles Control of Saplings and Regrowth It is essential that saplings and regrowth of tall growing species are controlled to maintain the safety and reliability of the electricity supply. Vegetation should be retained in the following situations wherever practical: Low growing species, which will not impact on the clearance space. However the requirements for access for maintenance or repairs may take precedence; Low growing species for the habitat for threatened species; In steep gullies, (particularly where the connectivity of wildlife habitat and erosion prevention are of major importance) where the powerline will be well above the maximum height of the prevailing mature vegetation and the clearance space will not be compromised; Methods generally used for the reduction of saplings and regrowth are: Slashing / Mulching; Hand Cutting; and Herbicide Treatment. Mulching equipment and other methods may be used following appropriate site assessment Hand Cutting Where vegetation is cut by hand application of a herbicide is usually required to prevent regrowth of what would generally be faster growing and less stable vegetation. The use of herbicides in this process is covered in section Landowners who desire that herbicides not be used on their property are encouraged to control any vegetation affecting powerlines themselves, on a regular basis, this though does not delegate Energex s responsibility to maintain the clearance zone Slashing / Mulching Slashing / mulching may be used in areas of Energex s network that are dominated by medium to high-density saplings. In such areas slashing / mulching is generally more practical and cost effective than hand cutting the vegetation. However, this technique is restricted by steep slopes, rocky terrain and wet sites. A mixture of hand cutting and herbicide use will be used in these areas. Grassed areas will not be controlled using slashing / mulching Herbicides The use of herbicides will result in reductions of sapling density and provide a long-term solution to tall growing vegetation conflicts with powerlines. An important consideration is that the herbicide program be environmentally safe and supervised. Those personnel who are applying herbicides shall be qualified Page 19 of 27

23 in compliance with legislative requirements and follow the manufacturer s recommendations for application. All herbicides must be used in a manner consistent with the labelling on the container. Landholders, including organic growers, who do not wish to have herbicides used on their property, are encouraged to control vegetation themselves or look at alternative solutions as listed in Section 6.5. This though does not delegate Energex s responsibility to maintain the clearance zone. Herbicide use may not be appropriate for all portions of Energex s network, but there are many opportunities for herbicide use to limit future conflicts with vegetation and powerlines. The following methods detail the manner in which herbicides may be utilised: Cut Stump Treatment Hand cutting of target vegetation followed by stump herbicide treatment will be used where appropriate. All unsuitable vegetation is to be cut to a stump, herbicide is then immediately applied to the outer edge (cambium) of the cut stump and any exposed bark. The cut stump treatment is very selective and, will generally not damage adjacent vegetation. This is the preferred method where aesthetic appearance is to be preserved such as where the vegetation is directly on the side of main roadways or adjacent to residences. This method is also used to prevent regrowth where mature trees are removed Selective Low-Volume Basal Treatment Low-volume basal treatments can be applied with backpack pump sprayers and low-volume spray wands. The herbicide mixture should be evenly applied to all exposed bark on the lower 18 cm of each stem. Due to the high selectivity of this technique, compatible species can be retained and encouraged. Diesel is often mixed with the herbicide Foliar Application Foliar application can be used on vegetation generally less than 2 metres in height and the application is to be directed at the target, but not to the point of run off. The selectivity of the foliar spray technique is achieved through application to the non-desirable (or tall growing) species while not applying to desirable (or low growing) species or by the use of species selective herbicides Stem Injection Stem injection is the application of herbicide to growing saplings and trees where the plant is left to stand and die in its growing position. Only those plants that are to be prevented from growing are treated Special Requirements for Herbicide Use Special requirements for herbicide use include: Near Creeks, Dams, Sensitive Crops and Other Sensitive Areas Trees or sapling regrowth to be treated near creeks, dams, sensitive crops and other sensitive areas shall be treated with a suitably registered herbicide and generally by cut stump application or stem injection methods, or as otherwise agreed by the landowner or management agency. In Paddocks Containing Livestock Stem injection shall be the preferred method of herbicide application where stock are grazing or as otherwise agreed by the landowner. Page 20 of 27

24 7.9. Sub-Transmission Lines Sub-transmission lines are the arterial links between and within regional centres. Consequently, the reliability of these powerlines is critical for all customers. Incidents such as vegetation falling on sub-transmission powerlines can have dramatic consequences and possibly cause power outages to large areas.. Sub-transmission powerlines are present in both urban and rural areas and situated on roadways, and easements created for their passage. Energex s objective for sub-transmission lines is to create a corridor clear of any vegetation that may grow into or fall onto sub-transmission lines, with no vegetation overhanging the line. Our experienced vegetation officers take many factors into account when determining the most suitable clearances to apply Important Vegetation This is vegetation identified in liaison with relevant and recognised authorities or bodies such as local government councils and State government departments, as requiring special attention to preserve its condition. This includes: Botanically, historically or culturally significant vegetation; Vegetation of outstanding aesthetic or ecological significance; The habitat of rare or endangered species; and Endangered, and of concern regional ecosystems, as mapped by the Queensland Herbarium. Energex works with State and local government and other recognised groups, e.g. Department of Environment and Resource Management and Department of Main Roads,, to establish a management plan for identified important vegetation. 8. PLANTING GUIDELINES 8.1. General Members of the community can assist in achieving a safer and more reliable electricity supply, by taking care when planting and maintaining vegetation near powerlines and service lines. Cooperation by landowners for the removal of inappropriate vegetation can also greatly assist in the reduction of maintenance costs and increased reliability in the electricity supply. The majority of vegetation that interferes with the safe and reliable operation of powerlines in urban areas is planted by residents and landowners. Obviously, they do this unintentionally without understanding the consequences of their actions. Energex aims to raise the community s awareness of these issues and to assist people in obtaining specialist advice on planting suitable species near powerlines Planting of Vegetation When selecting plants to grow near powerlines the first question must be, how tall will this plant grow? Plants should not be planted where they will grow into the clearance space. Generally species with a mature height greater than four metres should not be planted under powerlines. Furthermore species which produce a spreading horizontal canopy should not be planted where the foliage will grow into the clearance space. Page 21 of 27

25 Taller species that have a short life span, or are easily blown over in storms should not be planted where they could fall into powerlines. As a rule, taller trees should be planted at least the height of the mature tree away from powerlines. Most people are not aware of potential tree heights, and safety around powerlines without advice. Most plant nurseries and local councils have staff who can provide advice. Historically certain species have caused significant problems when planted near powerlines and some species are suitable in some regions and not others due to varying climatic conditions across Queensland. Energex firmly supports the planting of appropriate native species. Palms are a common sight in Queensland, however, their rapid growth, height and shedding of fronds make them unsuitable for growing near powerlines. They are renowned for shedding fronds that fall or blow across powerlines, and they usually cannot be pruned to maintain clearance for the nominated cycle times without destroying the plant and therefore need to be removed if they are in an unsuitable location. Inappropriate trees that have been planted near powerlines and may impact on the clearance space in the future will be targeted for removal as soon as possible. If the tree owner submits a plan which is accepted by Energex for the owner to manage the tree, this may be considered, however the plan will need to demonstrate a safe and practical management process to ensure the relevant clearance space is maintained at all times. Where the plan is not followed or the property changes ownership and the new owner will not commit to the original plan, the tree will be removed. So before planting, consider how high and how wide your tree will grow, and if planting near powerlines, choose a low growing, powerline friendly species. Your nursery will be able to recommend a selection of plants. The guidelines for the planting of trees in an urban area are as follows: Check with your council for your local planting guidelines, councils are responsible for planting on the footpath. Consider the location of overhead and underground services, including the service line to your home. Consider carefully which type of tree you should plant. Plan where you are going to plant refer to the diagrams below for general instructions. Page 22 of 27

26 Figure 1: Urban Tree Planting Near Powerlines Plants must be at least 3 metres from Energex poles. Allow for at least a 2 metre gap between the service wires to your house and the height of mature trees Maintaining Vegetation near Powerlines Landowners and residents sometimes carry out maintenance on vegetation beyond the clearance space normally maintained by Energex. Before tackling any such tasks, individuals must ensure there is no risk of any person, machinery or equipment touching powerlines, or foliage falling onto lines. Before removal of any vegetation, landowners and residents are advised to check with appropriate organisations to determine if approval is required. Chapter 7 of the Electrical Safety Code of Practice 2010 for Working near Exposed Live Parts provides guidance for clearing vegetation near overhead electric powerlines. If residents or landowners considering pruning of vegetation have even the slightest safety concerns, they should consult a suitably trained and accredited contractor. Page 23 of 27

27 Appendix A 9. POWERLINE CLEARANCE STANDARDS Under Section 137 of the Electrical Safety Regulation 2002, an electricity entity must ensure that an overhead electric line, forming part of the works, does not come into contact with or within arcing distance of an earthed exposed conductive part. The dimensions of safe clearance zones maintained for bare wire systems in urban areas and for Aerial Bundled Cable (ABC) in all areas (figures 2 and 3) have been determined by an Energex engineering study and risk analysis. The table below specifies minimum distances. When put into practice, clearances will be further as an amount of regrowth between trimming cycles and cutting to Australian Standard for Amenity Trees is required. These additional distances are not defined as they are species and location specific. Table 1 Bare Wire Conductor Systems Type of Powerline Vertical above conductor Clearance Zone Horizontal outside conductor Vertical below conductor Low Growth Zone Max vertical above ground Bare low voltage 2.0 m 1.0 m (urban) 2.0 m (rural) Bare 11 kv, 33 kv 3.0 m 2.0 m (urban) 3.0 m (rural) 1.0 m 2.0 m 4.0 m Figure 1 Clearance Profile for Bare Wire Conductor Systems Risk Zone Management Regrowth Zone Clearance Zone Low growth zone Page 24 of 27

28 Clearance Zone is the space surrounding a powerline that must be clear of vegetation at all times, including the period between trimming cycles. Regrowth Zone is a space beyond the clearance zone that must be maintained (trimmed) so that the regrowth does not enter the clearance zone within the trimming cycle Risk Management Zone is a space outside the clearance and regrowth space in which unsound trees or limbs may pose a risk in adverse weather conditions due to factors such as instability and weakness due to disease, fractures and rot. Low Growth Zone is the space below the clearance zone where vegetation is allowed which will not have a height of more than a specified distance, depending on the conductor height. The presence of limbs and foliage growing over the powerline is strongly discouraged. In some instances healthy and stable limbs may remain, provided the tree is not easily climbable and the powerline voltage is less than 33,000 volts. For sub-transmission powerlines, this is not permitted. In addition in rural areas where an enlarged clearing width has been previously established, this will be maintained. Page 25 of 27

29 Table 2 Low Voltage Aerial Bundled Cable and Insulated Service Cable. Clearance Zone Type of Powerline Vertical above Horizontal Vertical below conductor outside conductor conductor Aerial bundled cable 0.5 m 0.5 m (urban) 1.0 m 1.0 m (rural) Insulated service 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m cable Low Growth Zone Max vertical above ground 4.0 m Figure 2 Clearance Profile Low Voltage ABC and Insulated Service Cable Risk Zone Management Regrowth Zone Clearance Zone Low growth zone The clearance zone for aerial bundled cable and service cables near the pole, as specified in column 2, may be reduced where tree trunks and limbs present no risk of abrasion. Foliage that will not abrade the service cable will be permitted in the clearance zone. Page 26 of 27

30 Figure 3. Rural and Sub Transmission - Bare Wire Conductor Systems Corridor Profile Figure four 10 m 10 m Easement corridors may vary in width from 20 metres to 100 metres Vegetation that cannot fall into the powerline can remain. Vegetation with a mature height less than four metres may remain under the powerline, however a working area around the pole or structure must remain clear to allow access for maintenance and repair. A corridor of low growing vegetation may be retained to allow connectivity of wildlife habitat. Safe access must be provided for maintenance vehicles. In fire prone areas, density of vegetation will be managed to prevent accumulation of fuel. Compliance to the easement conditions has precedence. Page 27 of 27