Tools and approaches for mainstreaming biodiversity in the EU. Laure Ledoux Biodiversity Unit, DG Environment, European Commission

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1 Tools and approaches for mainstreaming biodiversity in the EU Laure Ledoux Biodiversity Unit, DG Environment, European Commission International Expert Workshop on Biodiversity Mainstreaming, Mexico City, Mexico, November 2015

2 Outline Mainstreaming in the EU biodiversity strategy: agriculture and fisheries/marine Mid-term review of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 Financing and tracking biodiversity-related expenditure MAES and natural capital accounting

3 2050 Vision 2020 headline target

4 EU biodiversity mid-term review (1) Policy frameworks in place and progress under each target A wealth of positive experience to build on Insufficient scale and timelag for measurable improvement in the state of biodiversity Targets can only be reached if implementation and enforcement efforts become considerably bolder and more ambitious, and integration effective. At the current rate of implementation, biodiversity loss will continue in the EU and globally, with significant implications for the capacity of ecosystems to meet human needs in the future.

5 EU biodiversity mid-term review (2) Strong partnerships and full engagement of key actors: 1. Complete and manage effectively Natura Implement Invasive Alien Species Regulation 3. Recognize natural capital throughout the EU Effective integration with a wide range of policies: Coherent priorities and adequate funding Agriculture and forestry Marine and fisheries Regional development Achieving biodiversity objectives can contribute to the growth and jobs agenda, food and water security and quality of life, as well as to the SDG implementation.

6 1. Financing biodiversity in the EU budget Mainstreaming climate and biodiversity in the EU budget: integral part of all main instruments. Focus on Natura 2000 network and green infrastructure LIFE instrument: limited in size but key role for biodiversity Traditional projects for nature and biodiversity Integrated Projects for implementing EU legislation integrating different sources of funding Financial instruments: Natural Capital Financing Facility to leverage funding from the private sector Importance of tracking to assess effectiveness

7 2016 draft EU budget

8 Natural Capital Financing Facility (NCFF) Rationale: Too little financing for biodiversity and climate change adaptation, whilst business opportunities remain unexploited Objectives: address market failures and demonstrate to private investors the attractiveness of revenue-generating or cost-saving natural capital projects; leverage funding from private investors for investments in ecosystems and ecosystem-based solutions to climate change adaptation million Investment facility during for 9-12 operations Executed by EIB; EU contribution: 60 million Project categories: Payments for ecosystem services, Green infrastructure projects, Pro-biodiversity and pro-adaptation businesses, Projects involving biodiversity offsets

9 NCFF Structure EIB LIFE Environment / Climate Co-investors NATURAL CAPITAL FINANCING FACILITY private and/or public FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS EUR m EUR 50m First Loss for EIB TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE EUR 10m Investments Project level DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN PROJECTS INTERMEDIATED INVESTMENTS: Private Equity Funds, Credit Lines to Banks 9

10 2. Mapping and Assessing Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) and Natural Capital Accounting in the EU EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020: Action 5: Member States, with the assistance of the Commission, will map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in their national territory by 2014, assess the economic value of such services, and promote the integration of these values into accounting and reporting systems at EU and national level by EU 7 th Environmental Action Programme (7 th EAP): Objective 1: 'protect, conserve and enhance the European Union s natural capital' Objective 5: build environmental knowledge base Eurostat

11 MAES overall conceptual framework

12 What do we need for ecosystem accounting in the EU? We need biophysical accounts for direct use and as a basis for valuation studies, upscaling We need an EU data layer of accounts reference frame for countries data foundation for responding to EU policies Key Policy issue: measure changes in our natural capital stock and what impacts it has on our economy and society. assess the extent and condition of ecosystems that is needed so that they can carry on delivering essential services to our economy and society Eurostat

13 What is the challenge? Many different & separate & expensive data collection exercises which are not tailored to mapping and assessing ecosystems and which are undertaken by different institutions LUCAS (ground observation) Biodiversity monitoring COPERNICUS (satellite images) Farm Structure Survey (agricultural census) Corine Land Cover Natura 2000 reporting Forest statistics Water Framework Directive reporting Eurostat

14 What is the potential solution? A system of nested and datasets within a common framework; Integration of existing initiatives assessment of ecosystems, modelling ecosystem services ; Use of models to transfer data into accounts and fill data gaps Copernicus Land monitoring In situ coordination LUCAS Land use/cover data FSS Forest stats Ecosystem data Natura 2000/CDDA Ecosystem mapping (extent) Environmental reporting Biodiversity assessments (monitoring) Ecosystem condition (state) Eurostat

15 Project KIP INCA Knowledge Innovation Project on Integrated System for Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services Accounting in the EU Project developed by a partnership of European Commission services (DG ENV, DG CLIMA, DG JRC, DG ESTAT, DG RTD and EEA) Objective to strengthen the knowledge base for the implementation of the 7 th EAP Knowledge Innovation Projects (KIPs) have the ambition to address gaps in environmental knowledge, using an innovate approach 17 September 2015 MAES Working Group 15 Eurostat

16 Where does KIP INCA fit in? KIP INCA provides a shared data platform to record the extent, condition and trends in ecosystems and their services. KIP INCA uses a fit-for-purpose approach based on existing, EU-wide data collections (LUCAS, Copernicus, MAES, administrative data, etc.) KIP INCA integrates all available data and makes sure new data fit into the system (-> permanent improvement). KIP INCA accounts follow UN accounting standards (SEEA and SNA) KIP INCA tests SEEA EEA (but is not limited to SEEA EEA = innovation) EU Member States can link their national systems to KIP INCA. Eurostat

17 Expected outcomes of KIP INCA, Phase 1 A blueprint for the future INCA including the sets of tables and accounts, the input data layers, some mock-up accounts for illustration and a description of the limitations A dialogue with stakeholders (EU member states, researchers, policy makers, other users) A reliable estimate of necessary resources An implementation plan until 2020 A plan for improving the data sources Eurostat

18 Existing potential input layers: MAES activities (ecosystem extent) Ecosystem type EUNIS Level 1 EUNIS Level 2 Total ecosystem coverage % area Area (km 2 ) EUNIS level 2 per level 1 J1 Buildings of cities, towns and villages Urban Cropland Grassland Woodland and forest Heathland and shrub J Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats I Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats E Grasslands and land dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens G Woodland, forest and other wooded land F Heathland, scrub and tundra J2 Low density buildings J3 Extractive industrial sites J4 Transport networks and other constructed hard-surface areas J5 Highly artificial man-made waters and associated structures J6 Waste deposits I1 Arable land and market gardens I2 Cultivated areas of gardens and parks E1 Dry grasslands E2 Mesic grasslands E3 Seasonally wet and wet grasslands E4 alpine and subalpine grasslands E5 Woodland fringes, clearings and tall forbs stands E6 Inland salt steppes E7 sparsely wooded grasslands G1 Broadleaved deciduous woodland G2 Broadleaved evergreen woodland G3 Coniferous woodland G4 Mixed woodland G5 Lines of trees, small woodlands, recently felled woodlands, early stage woodland, coppice F1 Tundra F2 Arctic, alpine and subalpine scrub F3 Temperate and mediteraneo-montane scrub F4 Temperate shrub heathland Eurostat (Source: EEA)

19 Existing potential input layers - MAES activities (ecosystem services) 24 November 2015 Eurostat (Source: JRC)

20 From maps to accounting tables ( from accounting tables to better policies) Eurostat

21 Different levels of policy uses Develop meaningful macro-indicators, both physical and monetary link with SDGs Better take into account how different sectors benefit from and impact on natural capital Better manage ecosystems by taking account a wider range of values, and assessing synergies and trade-offs amongst ecosystem services Corporate accounting ensure consistency with national accounts International dimension; WAVES and UN-SEEA EU funded projects

22 Policy issues sectoral integration Sectors dependency and impacts on natural capital Common Agricultural Policy: Prioritisation/location of ecological focus areas (contribution to green infrastructure) Guiding/prioritising agri-environment measures Afforestation projects Regional development: Prioritisation of projects (avoiding negative impacts, prioritising green infrastructure and restoration projects) Support regional, national and trans-national networks of green infrastructure Marine: Contribution to spatial maritime planning Location of marine protected areas

23 Thank you for your attention For more details on Biodiversity Strategy and related actions: Ecosystem Assessment Platfom: