Japan s contributions on REDD-plus implementation. Activities of REDD Research and Development Center, FFPRI

Transcription

1 REDD-plus Symposium Japan s contributions on REDD-plus implementation Activities of REDD Research and Development Center, FFPRI Dr. Mitsuo Matsumoto Director General, Hokkaido Research Center (Former Director of REDD Research and Development Center) Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)

2 2 REDD+ REDD+ (REDD-plus) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in Developing countries REDD: Activities for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation +: Activities for maintaining and increasing forest carbon stocks

3 3 History to REDD+ in UNFCCC COP11, Montreal, 2005 PNG and and Costa Rica proposed Avoiding deforestation COP13, Bali, 2007 REDD was listed in Bali Roadmap COP14, Posnan, 2008 REDD became REDD+ COP15, Copenhagen, 2009 Copenhagen accords show the needs of a new mechanism of REDD+ COP16, Cancun, 2010 Cancun agreement outlines a framework of REDD-Plus and shows a set of clear guidelines and a work plan for the coming year. COP17, Durban, 2011 Durban accords decides to launch a process for a new protocol from 2020 COP18, Doha, 2012 Discussion on modalities of National Forest Monitoring System and MRV COP19, Warsaw, 2013 The Warsaw framework for REDD+ COP20, Lima, 2014 Lima information hub for REDD+ COP21, Paris, 2015 Paris Agreements

4 4 Activities of REDD R&D Center REDD R&D Center was established at FFPRI in July It carries out research and development on REDD+ and provides related entities with technical supports. The goal of the Center is to contribute building a society balancing sound forests and regional development and conserving global environment through REDD+ activities.

5 5 Research and Development Development of NFMS and MRV systems Remote sensing Ground-based inventory and Allometory equations in Cambodia, Myanmar, Peru, Malaysia, Paraguay On-going in underlined countries Socio-economic analysis Driver analysis, Safeguards in Myanmar, Cambodia, Malaysia Publishing technical manuals and guidelines/guidance REDD plus Cookbook & Annex Research Manuals Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus (Voluntarily developed) Safeguards Guidebook and Safeguard Approaches

6 6 Points for MRV We developed a standard procedure for forest carbon monitoring for REDD+ Removing clouds in satellite images of rain forests and seasonality (phenology) of deciduous forests are important for large scale forest maps. Repeating carbon stock survey at permanent sample plots is a key Allometry equations are useful for carbon stock survey. Combination of forest maps and carbon stock gives forest carbon stocks We recommend to use Stock Change Method for estimation of emission/removals in forests. Changes of carbon stocks in forests means removal/emission of carbon

7 Procedure of Forest carbon monitoring for REDD+ 7 Remote sensing Field survey Image classification Verification Decision of forest classes (Example) Evergreen Deciduous Others e.g. Rubber, Mangrove Plot survey Allometry Forest area i Mean carbon stock i Total carbon stock = Σ ( Forest area i x Mean carbon stock i )

8 Land use changes in Peninsular Malaysia 8

9 Carbon Stock Changes in Cambodia C stock change 9 Period 1: Period 2: MgC ha -1 0 MgC ha 期 2-3 期 3-4 期 Period 西部 West 東部 East Period 3: Period 4:

10 How to estimate carbon stocks in forests Applying Permanent Sampling Plots (PSPs) Estimating biomass using allometry equations Appropriate forest type classifications for reduction of uncertainty Estimating carbon stock changes with repeated measurements Example of forest type classifications Cambodia Evergreen forests (including Semi-evergreen forests) Deciduous forests Malaysia Lowland dipterocarp forests Hill dipterocarp forests

11 Developing new allometry equations Example of allometry equations by Kiyono from REDD Cookbook ba : Basal area WD: Wood density Destructive sampling in Cambodia [Tropical monsoon forests] Destructive sampling in Paraguay [Alto Parana forests]

12 12 REDD-plus Cookbook Technical guidance on REDDplus for policy makers, organizations and experts English, Japanese and Spanish 151 pages 36 Recipes Reference guide Written by 28 experts Downloadable form the Web of REDD R&D Center

13 Design of Recipe

14 14 REDD-plus Cookbook Annex Vol. 1 & 2 Research Manual Vol. 1: Ground-Based Inventory Research Manual Vol. 2: Destructive Sampling for Tree Biomass Japanese and English REDD-plus COOKBOOK ANNEX Research Manual Vol. 1 Ground-Based Inventory For accurate determination of the forest structure in a plot, all living trees within the plot should be measured; however, this is laborious with regard to time and effort. Time and effort can be saved using a nested plot structure (Figure 2, Gray area)[recipe-t13]. Table 6 Number of staff required for inventory Role Staff for entering data of tree census Desired number of staff 1-2 Remarks Work efficiency will be improved with staff who have an overview of the entire project. Staff for measuring DBH 1-2 Staff for measuring tree height 1-2 With more than one staff, measurement of DBH and labeling can be done separately. Depending on the number of tools for measuring tree height. a Staff who can identify plant species 1-2 Identifict ion of plant species and data entry may be done by the same staff. Figure 2 Shapes of sample plot Left: Rectangular-shaped plot (0.16 ha), Right: Circular-shaped plot (0.1 ha 2.4 Tools required for inventory Tools required for establishing plots are shown in Table 1. The distance measurement in the forest is carried out effi ciently using measurement tools such as a laser range fi nder or an ultrasonic range fi nder. Table 1 Tools required for establishing plots Tool Number Remarks Laser range fi nder 1 For measuring horizontal distance (1) Tools (2) Inventory carried out by la team made up of two staff Photo 1 Inventory in the fied Tape measure (30 m 50 For measuring the slope distance using a tape measure 1-3 m) when a laser range fi nder is not available. Clinometer 1 For recording the inclination of the plot Azimuth compass 1-2 For establishing plots and recording the plot location GPS 1 For recording plot location Stakes >1 Material of stakes varies depending on plot location. Digital camera 1 For recording forest type of plot Recording a tree position selected as a measurement object The sample plot explained in section is divided into 16 square subplots (10 m 10 m). Each sample plot uses a nested plot structure. It should be noted that DBH threshold of the trees designated as measurement objects differs depending on the subplot (see Figure 2). In the permanent sample plot, the positions of the trees should be recorded for the second and subsequent measurements, and the route of measurement should also be determined. The positions of individual trees can be recorded easily and clearly by attaching the code number in each subplot. Moreover, if the trees are numbered in a regular pattern, for example, in a counterclockwise direction from the stake used as the starting point, it will be easy to tell if any tree has disappeared when future measurements 5 are carried out [Recipe-T13]. Double measurement can be avoided by simply recording the 10

15 15 Just Working Revised REDD-plus Cookbook Respecting Paris Agreements in COP21 REDD-plus Cookbook in French Especially for African countries in this year REDD-plus Cookbook Annex Research Manuals Methods for Removing clouds Adjustment of phenology Ground truth survey Developing FREL/REL Safeguards

16 16 Safeguards Safeguard Guidebook for REDD+ How to approach safeguards for REDD+ projects Check lists REDD+ Safeguard Approaches These books were developed by REDD+ Safeguard Research Project Consortium (FFPRI, JIFPRO, MURC, JOFCA), funded by Forestry Agency Information on safeguards activities on various projects in the world. An Example of Check lists

17 17 JCM Guidelines for REDD+ FFPRI developed Guidelines for Implementing REDD-plus voluntarily Based on the FFPRI s guidelines, related ministries and organizations are developing JCM Guidelines for REDD+ They are under discussion in the Joint Committee between Japan and Indonesia Joint Committee between Japan and Indonesia

18 18 Japan Public-Private Platform for REDD+ FFPRI and JICA established REDD+ platform, and are working as the Secretariat FPPRI organizes Knowledge Working Group and holds seminars for experts, technicians and scientists Draft JCM guidelines for REDD+ Safeguards Remote sensing techniques including LiDAR

19 19 Web of REDD R&D Center Cookbooks, SG guidebook and other various information are shown on the Web Latest information such as international negotiations, symposiums and workshops Country reports Literature database Virtual training room

20 Country Reports 20

21 21 Thank you Visit the Web of REDD R&D Center or Google redd center ffpri