Assessment of pest risk involved in timber import from northwestern Russia

Transcription

1 Assessment of pest risk involved in timber import from northwestern Russia Jevgeni Jakovlev & Juha Siitonen Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Station

2 Outline biogeographic definitions state of forest entomological knowledge important forest pest species in Finland, Karelia and adjacent areas conclusions

3 Biogeographic regions of Europe (source: European Environment Agency)

4 Boreal forests of Europe (source: European Environment Agency)

5 Vegetation zones within the European boreal forest (source: Ahti et al. 1968) northern boreal midboreal southern boreal hemiboreal temperate

6 Northwestern Russia (source: Myllynen et al. 1996) Sweden Finland Estonia

7 Fennoscandian area (source: Hallanaro et al. 2001) MUR KAR ARC SWE FIN LEN NOR EST DEN

8 Continental ice cover ca. 15,000 yrs ago (source: Hallanaro et al. 2001)

9 Postglacial immigration of spruce into Fennoscandia (source: Hallanaro et al. 2001) ca yrs ago ca yrs ago ca yrs ago

10 State of knowledge of forest pests in Finland, Karelia and adjacent areas research in Finland and other Nordic countries research in Estonia research in Karelia and adjacent areas

11 Distribution maps of bark beetles in the Nordic countries (Lekander et al. 1977) Ips typographus

12 Reports of forest pests in the Nordic countries, 5-year periods starting in 1961

13 New books about bark beetles and cerambycids in Finland (Heliövaara,Mannerkoski & Siitonen 1998, 2004)

14 Distribution maps of bark beetles in Estonia (Voolma et al. 2000) Ips typographus

15 Sites of faunistic studies of insects in Karelia in (Jakovlev et al. 2003)

16 Well-studied areas in Karelia and adjacent regions (Murmansk, Leningrad) NOR MUR Jakovlev et al SWE Mandelshtam et al., 1999, 2000; Voolma et al FIN EST LEN KAR ARC Mozolevskaya, et al Siitonen et al. 1995; Martikainen et al. 1996

17 Forest pests in Finland, Karelia and adjacent regions main forest and timber pests: comparison among regions pest species that potentially could spread or become transported into new areas, quarantine pests

18 Main pest species, Scolytidae Species FIN MUR KAR LEN EST Hylastes cunicularius Tomicus piniperda Dendroctonus micans Polygrapr. poligraphus Pityog. chalcographus Ips typographus Trypodend. lineatum

19 Important pest species, other beetles Species FIN MUR KAR LEN EST Tetropium castaneum Tetropium fuscum Monochamus sutor Hylobius abietis

20 Important pest species, defoliators Species FIN MUR KAR LEN EST Panolis flammea Bupalis piniarius Diprion pini Neodiprion sertifer

21 Ips amitinus (Koponen 1975, 1980, Mandelshtam 1999, Voolma et al. 2004) NOR MUR i SWE northern border of distribution, year FIN EST 1959 KAR LEN ARC records i imported

22 Ips subelongatus (Nestertchuk 1930, Stark 1930, Siitonen 1990, Mozolevskaja & Sharapa 1996, Mandelshtam & Popovichev 2000) NOR SWE MUR records, year FIN KAR i ARC i imported i i EST 1944 LEN

23 Scolytus moravitsi (Nesterchuk 1930, Stark 1930) NOR SWE 1930 MUR records, year KAR ARC FIN EST LEN

24 Dryocoetus baikalicus (Nesterchuk 1930, Stark 1930, 1952) NOR SWE 1930 MUR records, year KAR ARC FIN EST LEN

25 Scolytus multistriatus, S. scolytus, S. laevis (Mandelshtam & Popovichev 2000, Voolma et al. 2000, 2004) NOR MUR SWE records KAR ARC FIN EST LEN

26 Hylobius sibiricus Egorov, 1996 [= albosparsus auct nec. Boh., 1845] (Yakovlev et al. 2000) NOR MUR SWE 1998 records, year KAR ARC FIN EST LEN

27 Dendrolimus sibiricus (Obzor sanitarnogo i lesopatologicheskogo ) FIN

28 Forest mortality caused by insects (Obzor sanitarnogo i lesopatologicheskogo ) FIN KAR < 0.03% of forest % % % % > 1.00%

29 Potential forest pest beetles conveyed to Finland on timber imported from Russia (Siitonen 1990) Phaenops guttulata Ips subelongatus Orthotomicus erosus

30 Conclusions eastern Fennoscandia (FIN, MUR, KAR, northern LEN) forms a relatively uniform biogeographic area tree-species composition, fauna and flora vary mainly in the south-north direction and only little in the east-west direction no natural barriers prevent species from spreading in the east-west direction the area was covered by continental ice that started to retreat only some 10,000 yrs ago

31 all the tree species with their associated pest species have spread to eastern Fennoscandia from their glacial refugia in the south or south-east no important forest or timber pest species missing from Finland are known to permanently occur within the areas of Murmansk, Karelia or northern Leningrad western distribution limits of "Siberian" species etending to northwestern Russia? species are easily introduced with timber transport and can become established