IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Transcription

1 IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

2 Water Science and Technology Library VOLUME 14 Editor-in-Chief V. P. Singh, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, U.S.A. Editorial Advisory Board M. Anderson, Bristol, U.K. L. Bengtsson, Lund, Sweden A. O. Bobba, Burlington, Ontario, Canada S. Chandra, Roorkee, U.P., India M. Fiorentino, Potenza, Italy W. H. Hager, Zurich, Switzerland N. Hannancioglu, I:unir, Turkey A. R. Rao, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. M. M. Sherif, Giza, Egypt Shan Xu Wang, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China D. Stephenson, Johannesburg, South Africa The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

3 IMPROVING EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS edited by ENRIQUE CABRERA Fluid Mechanics Group, Polytechnic University, Valencia, Spain and ANTONIO F. VELA Fluid Mechanics Group, Jaume I University, Castellon, Spain AGUAS DE VALENCIA, S.A. Published in cooperation with Polytechnic University of Valencia and Aguas de Valencia SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

4 A c.i.p. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Lectures from the International Course on Improving Efficiency and Reliability in Water Supply Systems, held at Valencia (Spain) from November Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Vll Preface IX Foreword... Xl Fundamentals 1. Modelling water distribution networks: From steady flow to water hammer E. Cabrera, J Garcia-Serra and P.L. Iglesias Water consumption in distribution networks. Short term demand forecast D. Saporta and M Munoz Leakage Detection in Networks 3. General overview of unaccounted for water in water distribution systems A.F. Vela, V Espert and Vs. Fuertes Leakage detection in practice. Application to the water distribution of Valencia M Andres Monitoring water distribution systems. The inverse method as a tool for calibration and leak detection JA. Ligget and Li-Chung Chen Network Management: Leakage Control 6. Using variable speed pumps to reduce leakage and improve performance D.J Wood and L.s. Reddy Valve control regulation for reducing leakage G. Germanopoulos Managing Water Distribution Systems to Reduce Energy Costs 8. Energy audit of a water system network E. Koelle

6 vi CONTENTS 9. Pump scheduling for reducing energy costs B. Coulbeck Reliability, Risk Analysis and Rehabilitation 10. Analytical and simulation models for reliability analysis in water distribution systems I Goulter Hydraulic performance and rehabilitation strategies. The use of levels-ofservice and performance indices as decision support tools H Alegre and S. T Coelho Effects of pipe failures on water distribution networks P. W Jowitt Optimum design and reliability in water distribution systems F Martinez, R. Perez and J. Izquierdo Effect of transient operations on the reliability of hydraulic systems J.E. Funk Reliability and expected use of dynamic devices in a water distribution system J.P. Tullis Water quality modeling in pipe networks MH Chaudhry and MR. Islam Modeling water quality changes in distribution systems: A U.S. perspective R.M Clark

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book contains the papers presented at the International Course on Improving Efficiency and Reliability in Water Distribution Systems, held at Valencia (Spain) from November The course was organized inside the framework of the Universidad Internacional Menendez Pelayo (UIMP) by the Fluid Mechanics Group, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, integrated by: Angeles Alvarez Miguel Andreu Enrique Cabrera Vicent Espert Vicente Fuertes Antonio Gallardo Marta Garcia Jorge Garcia-Serra Francisco Garcia Pedro Iglesias Joaquin Izquierdo P.Amparo Lopez Gonzalo Lopez Javier Martinez Fernando Martinez Rafael Perez Antonio F. Vela Rosario Vidal This edition has been supported by: - A guas de Valencia S.A. - British Council of Valencia - Polytechnic University of Valencia vii

8 PREFACE This book contains the lectures given in the International Course "Improving efficiency and reliability in water supply systems", hosted and sponsored by the Menendez Pelayo International University (U.I.M.P.) and co-sponsored by Aguas de Valencia, the British Council and the EC Cornett and Erasmus programmes. The short course took place in Valencia (Spain) in November 1994, with an attendance of more than one hundred delegates. We must not only acknowedge and thank Dr. Joaquin Azagra, as UIMP Director, but also his collaborators D. Luis Moreno and Lidia Lopez for their support in the preparation of the Course and during the course taking place. UIMP sponsorship allowed us to assemble in Valencia an eminent cadre of lecturers coming from all over the world, that covered in an ordered and precise fashion some of the more relevant aspects on efficiency and reliability in water supply systems. We are very thankful to all these leading lecturers for their invaluable cooperation. The publication of this book and the Spanish edition as well, have been made possible thanks to the sponsorship of both Polytechnic University of Valencia througout its Chancellor, Justo Nieto, and Aguas de Valencia throughout its General Director Alvaro Aguirre. We must also thank Kluwer Academic Publishers and especially their Publisher Petra van Steenbergen for her assistance, careful presentation and production of the book. The Fluid Mechanics Group of Valencia Polytechnic University has carried out the organization and technical direction of the International Course, as well as the final preparation of all the texts, so that the editors have only acted as spearheads of a group of about 20 people, approximately half of which are University lecturers. Their work has made this publication possible. ix Enrique Cabrera Antonio Vela Valencia, February 1995

9 FOREWORD Being a river is not the only way to be a water leader. Likewise, being water is not the only way to climb up to the clouds. Prof. Cabrera, leader in water rites, and his team, have poured into XXI century's culture their flood of experience and well performed and prestigeous work through this book about Water Engineering. Even though we are used to their work, at the same time serious, fruitful and steady, as University members we take great pride in their contribution. When writing these lines, shortage of water is a problem both where it used to be many years ago and where not too long ago, like the South of Europe, such a worrying reality was unthinkable. Water has proved to be the most important ingredient in the Society's development for its welfare upkeep under any acceptable socioeconomic situation. In fact, water subject, far from being a consequence of an ecological global analysis, has turned to be a real premise conditioning any other environmental action. "Tell me how is your water and I will foresee your future" should be nowadays a primary "Leitmotif" for a modern state. So, it is refreshing that Prof. Cabrera and his team devote the best of their knowledge to the noble task of socializing the gift from the clouds. Justo Nieto Chancellor Valencia Polytechnic University xi