Introduction to REDD+/ UNREDD programme in Myanmar

Transcription

1 Introduction to REDD+/ UNREDD programme in Myanmar Dr. Thaung Naing Oo Director Forest Research Institute Forest Department, MONREC

2 REDD+ under the UNFCCC Objective: To stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system Many developing countries release significant GHG emissions from land use change and forestry activities (e.g. deforestation, logging) The UNFCCC recognizes that developing countries need support to lower these emissions Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) was designed to provide a financial incentive to developing countries to reduce emissions and enhance removals from forests The UNFCCC has provided guidance on how developing countries should implement REDD+

3 REDD+ Article 5 of the Paris Agreement (COP 21) (1.) Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1(d), of the Convention, including forests. (2.) Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+); and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches.

4 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC Target) In INDC, Myanmar has identified mitigation actions and policies in the primary areas of forestry and energy, complemented by supporting policies in other sectors. Forest Policy target (INDC Target) Reserved Forest (RF)+Protected Public Forest (PPF) 30% of total country's area Protected Areas (PAS) 10% of total country s area Myanmar signed Paris Climate Change Agreement in April 2016). Myanmar has been planning to fulfil the commitment of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)

5 The Five REDD+ Activities: Scope Reducing emissions from deforestation Reducing emissions from forest degradation Conservation of forest carbon stocks Sustainable Management of Forests Enhancement of forest carbon stocks

6 The Four REDD+ Design Elements (Warsaw framework) SCALE National Strategy &/or Action Plan Safeguards Information System National Forest Monitoring System Forest Reference Level REDD+ should be implemented at the national scale Countries can start by implementing at the subnational scale with a view to transitioning to national scale

7 Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Forest Cover Changes) in Myanmar

8 Area % of total Forest Cover Status (,000 ha) country area Closed forest Open forest Total forest Other Wooded land Others Water body Total Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) Area (acres) % of total country area Reserved Forest (RF) 29,619, Protected Public Forest (PPF) 11,718, Protected Area System (PAS) 9,607,

9 Situation in Myanmar: FC change ,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 Closed ( 40%) Open (10-40%) Total forest 10,000,000 5,000,000 ha (98) Source: FD, FRA, TCP-project

10 Rates of deforestation/ proxy forest degradation rates in ha Forest type Closed forest Open forest Total forest Annual change Based on FD, FRA, TCP project data Annual change Annualized change rate (15 years) Annualized change rate (10 years) -862, , % -4.42% +455, , % +0.91% -407, , % -1.76%

11 Major Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION IN FORESTRY SECTOR Over-exploitation of forest: timber (legalillegal) Unstable or pioneering shifting cultivation (Not permanent conversion of forest into agricultural land) Over-harvesting of fuel wood and charcoal DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION IN OUTSIDE FORESTRY SECTOR Over-grazing, Forest fires, Storms, Pests Expansion of Agriculture (Subsistence and Commercial) Mining Hydro-power Development Infrastructure (road, pipeline, Special economic zones, power lines) Urbanization and resettlement Development of aquaculture

12 Need to address drivers of deforestation (direct and underlying causes of deforestation)

13 Need Coordination and consultation among the line Ministries (Agriculture, Mining, Energy..)

14 REDD+ Readiness Roadmap of Myanmar

15 REDD+ Readiness Roadmap: Development Process Objectives: Develop Myanmar s REDD+ Readiness Roadmap through a multi-stakeholder participation process Raise awareness about REDD+ TIMELINE July 2012 Scoping mission 15 December 2012 National WS formed 3 TWG: Drivers and Strategies; Stakeholders and Safeguards; and MRV/FREL May 2013 Initial National Consultation WS June 2013 Four Regional Consultation WS (Bago Reg, Shan State, Ayeyarwady Reg, Sagaing Reg) August 2013 Submission to MOECAF, Adoption and preparing proposal for financial support

16 A phased approach to REDD+ implementation Phase 1: Readiness Development of National Strategy, NFMS, FREL, SIS (capacity building) Phase 2: Pilot implementation Piloting National Strategy (or Action Plan) Test & refine methods, implement, further capacity building Phase 3: Full Implementation Emissions reductions are measured reported verified Results-based finance

17 UN-REDD Country Programme2016/ /20 UN COLLABORATIVE ON REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES NATIONAL DOCUMENT Country: Myanmar Cover Page Programme Title: UN-REDD Programme National Programme, Myanmar Programme Objective: National capacity for the implementation of REDD+ under the UNFCCC enhanced and relevant (technical, legal, social) systems developed. Programme Duration: 4 years Anticipated start/end dates: Sept August 2020 Fund Management Option(s): Pass through at the global level and parallel at the country level Managing or Administrative Agent: UNDP MDTF Office Total estimated budget*: $5,554, Funded Budget: $5,554, Unfunded budget: n/a Source of funded budget: UN-REDD MPTF * Total estimated budget includes both programme costs and indirect support costs

18 Cooperation with International Organizations for Implementation of REDD+ Readiness Section 1: Management of REDD+ Readiness Section 2: Stakeholder Consultation and Participation Section 3: Development and Selection of REDD+ Strategies Section 4: Implementation Framework and Safeguards Section 5: Developing a National Forest Reference Emission Level (REL) and Reference Level (RL) Section 6: Developing a National Forest Monitoring System UN-REDD Support (National Level) Almost all UN-REDD Mostly UN- REDD Partly UN- REDD Partly UN- REDD Partly UN- REDD Mostly UN-REDD Others (Sub-national/ level RECOFTC, ITTO, ICIMOD, KFS and local NGOs FAO-GEF, ITTO, KFS, ICIMOD and RECOFTC FAO-GEF, ITTO, KFS, ICIMOD and RECOFTC ITTO, ICIMOD, KFS, FFPRI and Asia Air Survey Co.Ltd, ITTO, ICIMOD, KFS, FFPRI and Asia Air Survey Co.Ltd,

19 Summary expected outcomes 2016/ /20 Objective/Outcomes National capacity for the implementation of REDD+ under the UNFCCC enhanced and relevant systems developed Outcome 1: Relevant stakeholders engaged and their capacities developed Outcome 2: National institutions have capacity to implement effective and participatory governance arrangements for REDD+ Outcome 3: REDD+ safeguards defined in the national context and national safeguards information system developed Outcome 4: Development of Myanmar s national forest monitoring system (NFMS) and FRELs/FRLs Outcome 5: National REDD+ Strategy developed Targets (by/before the end of support) All required capacities and key systems are in place High level of overall satisfaction with REDD+ and active engagement (quantitative targets) High level of stakeholder satisfaction with law enforcement, governance and transparency (quantitative targets) Fully functional safeguards information system is in place; first summary of information on safeguards available institutional arrangements for Myanmar s NFMS agreed and endorsed; near-real-time forest monitoring system in place incl. new NFI; FREL/FRL Action Plan endorsed and methodologies been piloted National REDD+ strategy approved, and implementation plans supported by stakeholders

20 Myanmar UN-REDD National Steering Committee/ Programme Executive Board: Composition and main responsibilities

21 Organizational Structure of Myanmar REDD+ Programme Central Environmental Conservation and Climate Change Committee (CECC) National Steering Committee/ Programme Executive Board (NSC/PEB) REDD+ Taskforce (MoNREC, MoALI, MoHA, and MERN) REDD+ Office (FD) UN-REDD Programme Management Unit (PMU) TWG TWG TWG REDD+ Stakeholder Network REDD+ Initiatives of Development Partners 1. TWG on Drivers and Strategies 2. TWG on Stakeholder Engagement and Safeguards 3. TWG on National Forest Monitoring Systems and Forest Reference Emission Levels/ Forest Reference Levels

22 Myanmar UN-REDD Programme National Steering Committee/ Executive Board (NSC/PEB) Required for countries receiving funding from UN-REDD Programme for a National Programme Allocates 1 seat for civil society organization (CSO) and 1 seat for indigenous peoples (or Ethnic Nationalities) representation in PEB A national-level multi-stakeholder management arrangement, on a voluntary basis Ensures delivery of UN-REDD National Programme during its duration ( )

23 NSC/PEB Core Membership UNEP Co-Chairs: DG of the FD and UNDP country director Secretary: National Programme Director, Myanmar UN-REDD Programme CSO (MERN) UNDP IP (POINT) FAO NSC/PEB Others (academic, research, local communities, private sector, etc.)

24 Main challenges associated with REDD+ Institutional arrangements: clear coordination, transparency and accountability Cross-sectoral coordination: drivers of D&D often lie outside of forest / environment sectors Technical capacities: measuring emissions from forestry and establishing reference levels can be challenging Stakeholder engagement: enabling conditions for continuous and consistent engagement can be weak

25 Thank You Dr Thaung Naing Oo National Programme Director/ Franz-Eugen Arnold Technical Specialist UNREDD

26 NSC/PEB Terms of Reference, Responsibilities Ensuring a participatory design of the country programme in alignment with national priorities and the approved country programme Approving the full programme document including output level results, implementation set-up and allocation of funds within components Requesting fund transfer to the Administrative Agent in the case of earmarked funding (signed off by UN members) Overseeing the implementation of the country programme Reviewing and approving periodic project narrative reports submitted by the implementing partners Approving any necessary programmatic or budgetary revisions within the limits of the approved ProDoc Requesting reviews and midterm and terminal independent evaluations of the country programme Reviewing risk management strategies and ensuring the programme is managing and proactively mitigating risks

27 UNREDD Myanmar Management arrangement MPTF-O FAO HQ UNDP HQ UNEP HQ PEB UNEP Regional Office* FAO CO UNDP CO Forest Department NPD REDD+ Office PMU CTA (Int l) MRV/NFMS Advisor (Int l) Programme Coordinator Comms Officer SE Officer Fin/Admin Asst.

28 Budget 2016/ /20 Output FAO UNDP UNDP/ UNEP UNEP 1.1 Stakeholder represent and consultation 0 445, REDD+ TF and TWG support 0 122, Institutional structure for REDD+ implementation operationalised 2.2 Legal and policy framework adapted and reinforced 0 278, , , Define REDD+ safeguards + indicators 111,360 75, , Myanmar safeguard information system 72, ,000 76, Capacity and action plans on NFMS/FRELs 667, Sat land monitoring system/ GIS portal 493, Design and pilot NFI 693, REDD+ strategy analysis 108,800 66,816 41,200 40, Formulation/ approval REDD+ strategy 48,400 38,976 20,000 20,600 PMU operations 0 668, Communications 0 222, Monitoring and Evaluation 0 90, Total + 7% 2,231,164 2,423, , ,518

29 Watershed areas Potential Areas for REDD+ Key Biodiversity Areas Corridors (Northern and Western Forest Complex Mangrove & coastal areas

30 Challenges Limited financial resource for national level implementation of REDD+ (Ref: REDD+ Roadmap) Political supports and legal framework Limited knowledge and awareness about REDD+ among stakeholders (including line Ministries) Concept, methodology, safeguards and SIS, establishing MRV, setting REL/RL Limited institutional and individual capacity to implemented national level REDD+ Limited quantitative data and information on major drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and underlying causes Limited expertise and resource persons in forestry inventory and RS/GIS of FD Limited infrastructure for MRV, REL/RL for National Level (even subnational level)