Information on A/R CDM projects.

Transcription

1 Information on A/R CDM projects. NSS in Indonesia designated eight sites as lands potential for afforestation and reforestation activities under the CDM and conducted surveys on individual potential lands. The following is an outline of these eight sites targeted for NSS. 1 (1) West Sumatra Province, Pasaman District District of Pasaman Covers an area of 783,540 ha of which forest covers about 48.3 %, community forest 12 %, estate plantation 9 %, paddy field 4 %, settlement/villages 2 %, industrial area 0.1 %, and others 24.2 %. The critical land that is available for carbon sink project is about 39,424 ha or 5 % located spread out in the 14 sub-districts. The Carbon sink project will be implemented in the critical areas outside the boundary of Pasaman District and reforestation planned for the year amounted to 2,700 ha. The potential area for Carbon sink project is predicted to be 36,725 ha; it is particularly in the framework of collaborative management with community (Community forest or CBFM). The species preferred are mahogany, coffee, and surian (Toona sureni). The mitigation potential of Pasaman district is about 3.47 Mt C if all critical lands are used as mitigation area. (2) West Sumatra Province, Tanah Datar District The total area of West Sumatra province is about 4,222,964 ha with dominant land cover of forest about 2,626,604 ha of which 259,890 ha is shrubs and thickets. Other land use found in the area is mixed plantation 407,916 ha, paddy field and upland crops about 339,141 ha. Sub-watershed Ombilin where Singkarak lake is located, covers an area of 167,740 ha (Forest Service Office West Sumatra, 2001). Deforestation rate in this area is quite high resulting in unproductive lands such as grasslands. Analysis of the LANDSAT TM data year 2001 leads us to estimate that around 10,622 ha of Tanar Datar District is covered by grassland; that accounts for about 57 % of the total watershed area (18,664 ha) in the district, and about 36,648 ha is covered by secondary regrowth that is often considered as the unproductive land while the total area of the lake is around 10,857 ha. The appropriate species to be planted in 1 An outline of eight sites targeted for NSS was described according to the Technical Report, National Strategy Study on CDM in Forestry Sector by the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia.

2 this area are kemiri (Aleurites molucana), jati (Tectona grandis), jati putih (Gmelina arborea), kopi (Coffee), pala (Myristica fragrant), kayumanis (Cassiavera spp.), sawo (Manilkara kauki), cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica), durian (Durio spp.), mangga (Mangifera spp), and several cash crops such as peanut, red onion, chili, corn and water melon (Alimin, 2002). (3) Jambi Province, Batang Hari District Type of mitigation options used in the analysis is planting trees with 40 years rotation in the degraded/unproductive lands of Batang Hari District. The species selected are: Albizia (Paraserienthes falcataria), Meranti (Shorea spp.), Rubber (Havea braziliensis), candle nut (kemiri), pinang, durian (Durio zibentinus), duku, rambutan, mangga, and bacang. From this 28,572 ha degraded land in Batang Hari District, if 20,000 ha is allocated for mitigation option I (25 % from total critical land area) or only 10,000 ha is allocated for mitigation option II (12.5 % from total critical land areas), there will be 3,914,177 and 1,957,088.5 tones carbon sequestrated for mitigation option I and option II respectively in Batang Hari District (assuming that trees will be harvested at the end of rotation period). Cost for investment of fruit-tree-based agroforestry system, according to result of the survey in the six villages, varies from US$67 for pinang up to US$136 for oil palm to develop 1 ha fruit-trees-agroforestry system. In average, the investment cost is about US$104 per ha, much lower than the timber estate plantation that is about US$400 per ha. (4) Lampung Province, West Lampung District The project will be implemented in Sumber Jaya, West Lampung District in degraded areas of the state forest land with status as protection forest. Total area of degraded land in the district of West Lampung is about 49,000 ha. In 2001, 75 households obtained areas of about 175 ha to plant tree species for rehabilitation of the degraded land through the community forest (CF) program. The degraded land will be planted with mixed trees, in upper level with fruit tree species (avocado, durio, candlenut) and lower level with estate plantation (coffee and pepper). It is assumed that in the next 10 years, about 50% of these degraded lands will be reforested by the CF program. Thus, under the absence of CDM projects, 50% will

3 remain as degraded land. If the 50% of the degraded lands (1,750 ha) is used for CDM project, about 175,000 tones of carbon will be sequestrated (if the tree were harvested at the end of the rotation period) or 350,000 tones of carbon will be sequestrated (if no harvesting took place). (5) West Java Province, Kuningan District The project will be implemented in Cileuya village, Cimahi Sub-district, Kuningan District in the degraded land within Perum Perhutani area (state forest land). Currently, total area of the degraded land in the district is about 15,721 ha, consisted of 5,844 ha bare land, 2,300 ha wild rangeland or grassland, and 7,577 ha unproductive land. About 30% of these degraded lands is within Perum perhutani area (4,851 ha). Only 20 % of the degraded lands have been rehabilitated by Perum Perhutani up to Since 2001, the rehabilitation of the degraded lands was implemented through PHBM program (Collaborative Forest Management with Community). The project will rehabilitate degraded land in the Perum Perhutani area by about 2,500 ha. The land will be planted with teak by about 60% and pines 40% (based on current proportion). All the degraded area will be reforested within 10 years. Thus annual rate of planting for teak is about 150 ha while for pines 100 ha. In the first three years, the community will use the land for annual crops or other cash crops (before the canopy of the trees developed). The project will be implemented in the three types of the degraded lands, i.e. grassland, bare land and unproductive. Based on the last 10 years data, Perum Perhutani was only able to rehabilitate about 20% of the total degraded land. It is expected that through PHBM, the rate of planting in the rehabilitation program can be increased. It is assumed that in the next 10 years, about 50 % of these degraded lands will have been reforested by the company through the PHBM program. Thus, if the degraded lands (2,500 ha) are used for CDM project, about 250,000 tones of carbon will be sequestrated (if the tree were harvested at the end of the rotation period) or 500,000 tones of carbon will be sequestrated (if no harvesting took place). (6) West Java Province, Bogor District The project will be implemented in Babakan Madang Sub-District, Bogor in degraded state forest land within State Forestry Company (SFC) of Perum Perhutani areas. Currently, Perum Perhutani area includes production forest (40%), protection forest

4 (3%) and conservation area (1%); the rest is community land (34%), and estate land (22%). In 2001 about 38 % of these degraded lands within Perum Perhutani have been rehabilitated through collaborative forest management with community and reforestation programs. The project will rehabilitate about 600 ha of the degraded lands within Perum Perhutani area. The land will be planted with fast growing species combined with fruits and foods crops, including white teak (Gmelina arborea), mindi (Meila azedarach) combined with avocado, mango and other food crops such as maize and sweet potatoes. The proportion of land allocated for wood and fruit or food crops about 60% and 40 %. (7) Yogyakarta Province, Gunung Kidul District Ministry of Forestry and Forest State Company (FSC) mainly take care of the state forest lands that account for about 5.36 % of the total area of Yogyakarta. The forest function is prioritized for conservation, production, ecotourism and education. The project will be implemented in Gunung Kidul District in the degraded lands within Ministry of Forestry and Forest State Company. Current total area of the degraded lands in the district is about 5,153 ha that consist of 1,288 ha grassland and 3,865 ha unproductive land. Only 25 % of the degraded lands have been rehabilitated by Ministry of Forestry up to Since 2001, the rehabilitation of the degraded lands was implemented through the Community Forest (CF) program (Collaborative Forest Management with Community or Community Forest). The mitigation potential of the area is about 1.28 MtC. (8) South Kalimantan Province, Banjar Baru District The project will be implemented in the degraded stated lands in Riam Kana catchment area, Aranio Sub-district, Banjar Baru District. Current total area of the degraded land in the district is about 29,768 ha that consist of 8,205 ha of very critical lands category, 17,167 ha critical lands and 4,396 ha moderately critical lands (Forest Rehabilitation Office, 2002). Area of the degraded lands that have been rehabilitated by the Forest Rehabilitation Office up to 2002 was only about 5,000 ha. Since 1995, the rehabilitation of the degraded lands was implemented through Community Forest. The project will rehabilitate degraded lands of the state lands by about 15,000 ha. The land will be planted with meranti by about 50% and rubber 50% (based on current proportion). All the degraded areas will be reforested within 20 years. Thus annual

5 rate of planting for meranti is about 375 ha while it is 375 ha for rubber. In the first three years, the community will use the land for annual crops or other cash crops (before the canopy of the trees developed). After that, the crop plants should be changed with coffee. It is expected that through community forest (CF), the rate of planting in the rehabilitation program could increase. It is assumed that in the next 20 years, about 50% of these degraded lands will be reforested by the local government through the CF program. Thus, under the absence of CDM projects, 50% will remain as degraded land. If the 50% of the degraded lands (15,000 ha) is used for CDM project, about 1,500 tones of carbon will be sequestrated (if the tree were harvested at the end of the rotation period) or 3,000 tones (if no harvesting). Web site of NGO which will conduct A/R CDM project in SUMBA