Industrialization and Urbanization. Standard 5-3.4

Transcription

1 Industrialization and Urbanization Standard 5-3.4

2 Signs of Change 1 in 6 or 16% of people lived in cities by in 3 or 33% of people lived in cities by 1900 People were moving from farms to cities Immigrants often moved to cities Growing cities = growing problems

3 City Problems Overcrowding tenements Tenements (apartment buildings/houses) If one person became ill, disease spread quickly 3 in 5 or 60% of children died before the age of 3 Insects and rats spread disease and germs Garbage piled up, danger of fire increased

4 Other Urban Issues Crime increased Few policemen/ fire departments Gangs took over neighborhoods

5 The Great Chicago Fire Occurred in hours of burning 300 people killed 90,000 left homeless

6 Jane Addams Wealthy, educated woman Concerned about problems in cities Visited Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in Britain Settlement house (community center where people learn new skills) Started the Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago

7 Hull House Had a kindergarten/day care for working mothers Taught classes on : Sewing Cooking English language Worked to improve conditions of health, safety, and work/industry Was a model for other settlement houses

8 The Changing City William Jenney Figured out a new way to build taller buildings Before then only 4-5 story buildings made from brick Now used steel frames Built 1 st skyscraper (1885) Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago (10 story)

9 Andrew S. Hallidie Invented cable car Ran on tracks Used steam-powered cable 9 miles per hour Frank Sprague Invented 1 st electric street car Powered by electricity Called a trolley car Trolley and cable car allowed people to live further outside of the city but still live in the city

10 Progressives and Reform Some Americans gained from the growth of America, some did not Progressives wanted to help those whose lives did not improve; wanted to make life for Americans better in some way

11 City and State Reforms City governments need reform/change Political bosses controlled the government Political Boss (elected official, with dishonest employees, who controls government) Often elected/re-elected in illegal ways William Tweed Political boss, ran New York City Robbed city of millions of dollars Protected himself by controlling the police

12 Attempts at Reform Tried to limit power of a single person Formed commissions (each member of the government in charge of one part) Robert M. La Follette Progressive from Wisconsin Changed system to allow people to vote for candidates Used a merit system (test to ensure someone met qualifications for a job) Highest test score got the job

13 Monopolies Monopoly (a company with little or no competition) Most monopolies: Charged high prices Made poor goods Used power to push others out of business 1 st monopoly (1902) Northern Securities Company Controlled all Western Railroad Other monopolies: Carnegie s steel industry Rockefeller s Standard Oil Company

14 Industrial Issues Many people looking for work in the city Factory owners paid very little, work was dangerous Families couldn t afford to live on parents income Children had to work Mine workers Factory workers Did not attend school Long hours Dangerous conditions

15 More Attempts at Reform Robert M. La Follette also helped get 3 labor laws passed by state legislature: Changed the work day to be no more than 10 hours Kept children from working especially dangerous jobs Paid workers who were hurt while doing their job (factory owners paid money to state to fund this program)

16 Square Deal President Roosevelt s government program Ensured all Americans were given the same opportunities to succeed Made food and medicine safe for people Pure Food and Drug Act (all foods and medicines have to meet government safety standards) Meet Inspection Act (packaged meat must be inspected) Protect and conserve the environment

17 Square Deal VS Big Business Square Deal also destroyed big businesses President Roosevelt wanted business to be fair President Roosevelt broke up John D. Rockefeller s Standard Oil Company

18 Other Federal Reforms 16 th Amendment Changed/reformed the way government collected its money Before: taxes based on property owned Now: based on income/how much money made

19 Other Federal Reforms 17 th Amendment Allowed people (not state legislatures) to elect US Senators Gave more power to the people

20 Other Federal Reforms 18 th Amendment Illegal to make or sell alcoholic beverages Believed it would reduce violence and crime (Eventually repealed by the 21 st Amendment)