CHAPTER 3 SEC 1 England & Its Colonies US 1

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 3 SEC 1 England & Its Colonies US 1

2 Main Idea & Why It Matters England and its largely self-governing colonies prospered under a mutually beneficial trade relationship Why It Matters: The colonial system of self-governing colonies was the forerunner of our modern system of self governing states.

3 Mercantilism Parliament Navigation Acts Glorious Revolution Salutary neglect Terms & Names

4 One s American Story Read One American s Story pg. 66. Personal Voice: Eliza Lucas Pinckney We please ourselves with the prospect of exporting in a few years a good quantity from hence, and supplying our mother country (Great Britain) with manufacture for which she has so great a demand... Who was Eliza Lucas Pinckney? How did Eliza and most colonists living in the American colonies feel about their mother country Great Britain? Why were the colonies responsible for governing themselves? (Why did England, a monarchy, let their 13 American colonies govern themselves?) What effect did self-government have on colonists?

5 England and Its Colonies Mercantilism - What is Mercantilism?: - AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS INCREASE THEIR WEALTH & POWER BY OBTAINING GOLD, SILVER, & RAW MATERIALS - What role did the American colonies play in mercantilism? - SUPPLIED RAW MATERIALS TO MOTHER COUNTRY BOUGHT PRODUCTS FROM ENGLAND - Balance of Trade: - MORE GOODS ARE EXPORTED THAN IMPORTED - A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE INCREASES PROFIT

6 The Navigation Acts - What were the Navigation Acts? - LAWS CREATED BY PARLIAMENT TO STOP COLONISTS FROM TRADING PRECIOUS RAW MATERIALS TO COUNTRIES OTHER THAN ENGLAND - Goods had to be shipped in colonial or English ships - Ship crews had to be at least ¾ colonial or English - Certain products could only be exported to England - All goods traded to Europe must pass through an English port - Why would England impose the acts on their own colonies - ENSURE ALL RAW MATERIALS FROM AMERICA GO DIRECTLY TO ENGLAND SO ENGLAND COULD PROFIT FROM COLONISTS

7 Navigation Acts (continued) How did the Navigation Acts benefit England? ONLY ENGLAND COULD ACQUIRE RAW MATERIALS FROM AMERICA, TURN THEM INTO PRODUCTS, & SELL THEM TO THE REST OF THE WORLD. ENGLAND MADE ALL THE MONEY, WHILE THE COLONIES PROVIDED ALL THE MATERIALS. What raw materials did North America have?

8 TENSIONS EMERGE How did some of the colonists respond to the Navigation Acts? NEW ENGLAND COLONISTS WERE OUTRAGED (WHY?) NEW ENGLAND MERCHANTS REFUSED TO OBEY THE NAVIGATION ACTS IN NEW ENGLAND (WHY/HOW?) HOWEVER, THE NAVIGATION ACTS HELPED NEW ENGLAND BECOME ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESFUL SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRIES IN THE WORLD.

9 Dominion of New England King James, in order to assert greater control: - Revoked corporate charters - Consolidated all of the northern colonies into the Dominion of New England - The Dominion included the land from southern Maine to New Jersey - Sir Edmund Andros was appointed to rule the Dominion - Questioned lawfulness of Puritan religion - Strictly enforced Navigation Acts and prosecuted smugglers - Restricted local assemblies - Levied taxes without input from local leaders

10 THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION King James (Catholic) vs. Parliament (Protestant) What happened in England? PARLIAMENT (PROTESTANT) PASSED A SERIES OF LAWS THAT GAVE IT (PARLIAMENT) AUTHORITY OVER THE KING (CATHOLIC) CATHOLIC KING JAMES LEFT THRONE Who were William & Mary and how did they end up becoming King & Queen of England? MARY WAS KING JAMES PROTESTANT DAUGHTER & WILLIAM WAS HER HUSBAND PARLIAMENT INVITED WILLIAM & MARY TO RULE ENGLAN What happened to Sir Edmund Andros? COLONISTS ARRESTED ANDROS & HIS ROYAL COUNCILORS

11 ENGLAND LOOSENS REIGN Why did ENGLAND decide to concentrate on France rather than on making sure colonists perform their duties? England and France were competing for control of Europe. Salutary Neglect ON PAPER, SALUTARY NEGLECT SEEMED LIKE IT INCREASED CONTROL OVER COLONIES PARLIAMENT STRENGTHENED NAVIGATION ACTS EVEN THOUGH ENGLAND SEEMED TO INCREASE CONTROL, IT ACTUALLY LOOSENED IT! ENGLISH OFFICIALS ONLY LIGHTLY ENFORCED THE NEW MEASURES ENGLAND RELAXED ITS ENFORCEMENT OVER THE COLONIES IN RETURN FOR ECONOMIC LOYALTY TO ENGLAND

12 The Seeds of Self-Government How did Salutary Neglect help the colonies create their own government? - Representative government. - Colonial governors, appointed by the king, were not as powerful as they might seem. - Colonial assemblies used their voting power and control over salary to influence the governor in a variety of ways, from the approval of laws to the appointment of judges.

13 COLONIAL GOVERNMENT THE KING ROYAL GOVERNOR: Appointed by King served as highest authority in the colony Powers: call and disband assembly; appoint & dismiss judges, oversee all aspects of colonial trade COUNCIL: Advisory council appointed by the Governor COLONIAL ASSEMBLY: Local assembly elected by eligible colonists (land-owning white men)