THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPAIN

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2 THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPAIN Charles V ( ) Ruled an Empire that included Spain, Spain s American Colonies, Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands, and Parts of Italy In 1556, Abdicated: Gave Up All Possessions and Joined a Monastery Gave Austria and the Holy Roman Empire to his Brother Gave Spain, Spain s American Colonies, Netherlands and Parts of Italy to his Son Phillip II

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4 THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPAIN PHILIP II Philip II ( ) Built the Escorial: Massive Palace Outside of Madrid ($$$) Spends Money on Wars Spanish Inquisition ( s)

5 El Escorial

6 SPAIN S WARS OF RELIGION ($$$) 1. The Battle of LePanto (1571) - Naval Battle - Spain vs. Ottoman Turks 2. The Spanish Armada (1588) - Naval Battle - Spain vs England

7 SPAIN S WARS OF RELIGION ($$$) 3. The Dutch Revolt ( ) - Dutch Flooded Own Country and Drove Spanish Out 4. The Thirty Years War ( )

8 Spain s Economic Woes Government Spending on the Escorial and Religious Wars New World Gold & Silver led to Inflation in Spain Never Developed a Manufacturing Economy By the mid-1600s, Spain was a Second-Rate Power in Europe and The World

9 Spain s Golden Age of Culture 1. Writer Miguel Cervantes What did he write? Don Quixote 2. Painter El Greco - Painted Religious Figures during the Counter-Reformation - Very Elongated, Spooky, Rich, Vibrant colors 3. Diego Velazquez - Portraits of the Spanish Royal Family

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14 ABSOLUTISM IN FRANCE Huguenots Growing in Number, Catholic Catherine de Medici Instills Hate Religious Civil Wars: Catholic vs. Huguenot ( )

15 St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572) Hired Soldiers to Raid Homes in Paris; 40,000 killed Religious Intolerance: All Slaughtered, Many Killed were Catholics: Assumed to be at Church

16 Henry IV Became King in 1593 (Huguenot) Politique: Puts His Country ahead of His Religion (Converts to Catholicism) Paris is well worth a mass Passed the Edict of Nantes (1598) Grants religious freedom and ends wars Assassinated by a Jesuit Priest

17 Louis XIII Country Ruled by Cardinal Richelieu Shadowy Hawk Strengthened the Throne in 3 Ways by limiting the Power of: Independent Huguenot Cities French Nobility Spanish and Austrian Hapsburgs Politique

18 Louis XIV ( ) Built the Palace at Versailles for 3 Reasons: Get out of Paris Keep an Eye on the Nobles Show off his Power Revoked the Edict of Nantes (1683) L etat c est moi I am the State

19 Jean Baptiste Colbert Finance Minister Mercantilism Acquire Colonies Half of Money went to Versailles Half of Money went to Wars

20 Louis XIV s Wars War of Devolution ( ) War of the League of Augsburg ( ) War of Spanish Succession ( ) Fought to Maintain a Balance of Power Louis was Defeated Treaty of Utrecht ends Louis s Territorial Ambitions

21 STRUGGLES AMONG THE GERMAN STATES The Thirty Years War ( ) Holy Roman Emperor: Ferdinand II (Hapsburg) Tried to Restore the Catholic Church as the Official Religion of the Holy Roman Empire The Defenestration of Prague (1618): CATHOLIC VS. PROTESTANT German States German States - Spain - Netherlands - Austria - Sweden

22 Thirty Years War ( ) 1st Phase ( ) Hapsburg Triumphs Albrecht von Wallenstein; Arch angel of death 2nd Phase ( ) Hapsburg Defeats Gustafus Adolphus; Swede France Enters on the Protestant Side

23 Peace of Westphalia (1648) Ended the Thirty Years War The religion of the prince shall be the religion of the people Guaranteed Independence of about 300 Small German States (Holy Roman Emperor = Figurehead) Switzerland and the Netherlands were recognized as Independent States No unified Germany until million to 14 million; 1/3 of the People in the Holy Roman Empire Die

24 The Rise of Prussia 2/3 of Prussian citizens killed in Thirty Years War The Hohenzollerns of Prussia Decided to Build a Strong Army Founded upon Religious Freedom Offered Tax-free Land for 40 years Had an 80,000 Man Army by 1713

25 HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS HOHENZOLLERNS

26 The Rise of Prussia Fredrick II Fredrick the Great ( ) Greatest King Prussia Ever Had I didn t start out so great. My dad thought I was a sissy

27 Austria Lands Ruled over by the Austrian Hapsburgs Comprised of Many Nationalities (Over 12 Languages Spoken in the Empire) The Empire Lacked Unity (Was Mostly Catholic)

28 Forceful Rulers of Austria 1. Charles VI ( ) Had No Son 2. Maria Theresa - Father had all Nations sign the Pragmatic Sanction - Prussia Attacked Austria when She Gained Throne

29 War of Austrian Succession ( ) Broke out when Prussia Attacked Austria France Netherlands Spain VS. Great Britain War was Fought to Maintain the Balance of Power

30 Seven Years War ( ) Fought between France and Great Britain over Colonies in the New World Great Britain/Prussia VS. France/Austria/Russia The Russian Miracle (Frederick the Great) France Lost Canada to Great Britain Both Nations Fall Deeply into Debt Leads to American and French Revolutions

31 The Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent ( ) Under his Rule, Ottoman Empire Reached its Greatest Height

32 The Rise of Russia Czar Monarch of Russia Behind the Other European Nations due to: 1. Orthodox Christianity 2. Mongolians ruled Russia ( ) 3. Ivan the Terrible Massacres Russian Nobles

33 Michael Romanov Established Romanov Dynasty Dynasty Rules for 300 years ( ) Russian Serfs were no Better Off than Slaves Bound to the Land Could be Bought, Sold, Whipped and Punished Entitled to Own Property and Marriage is Recognized

34 Peter the Great; Peter I ( ) Tell them how I became Great, Mr. Rowe

35 Peter the Great s Reforms 1. Forced Russian Nobles to Accept Western Customs of Dress and Etiquette 2. Hired European Engineers, Shipbuilders and Mathematicians to Teach the Russians Modern Technology 3. Builds a New Army based on the Western Model (Sword -> Guns) 4. With his Reformed Army, he Expands Borders East and West 5. Built New Capital at St. Petersburg 6. Expanded Trade with Western Europe

36 Catherine the Great ( ) Put down Pugachev s Rebellion Gave the Nobles Absolute Control of their Serfs 95% of Russia s Population = Serfs Expanded Russia s Borders: To the South at the Expense of the Ottoman Turks. To the West at the Expense of Poland (Partition of Poland 1795)