Peep under the Iron Curtain March 6, 1946

Transcription

1

2

3 Peep under the Iron Curtain March 6, 1946

4 Winston Churchill giving the Iron Curtain address at Westminster College on March 5, From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere

5

6 Containment On March 12, 1947, President Harry S. Truman spoke to Congress establishing what is known as the Truman Doctrine; an American foreign policy created to counter the spread of Soviet influence. Truman told Congress that "it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. The Cold War arose out of competition for world dominance and global power. It was called the Cold War because it was fought on political and economic fronts rather than on militarily, even though the threat of war was always present.

7 It will result in a constant state of military preparedness and an arms race. Propaganda will be commonplace; Democracy vs Communism. US policy is to support nations threatened by Communism.

8 Berlin Airlift,

9 Poland s Territorial Changes

10 German Territorial Losses

11 Germany s Occupation

12 Berlin Airlift President Truman decided to avoid the blockade by flying in food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin. At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily.

13 Video: Berlin Airlift

14 East Berlin West Germany East Germany West Berlin In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

15 Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan, officially the European Recovery Program, was an American initiative to rebuild Western Europe after WWII. The U.S. gave over $12 billion ($120 billion today). The plan was named after Secretary of State, George Marshall (he is the one in Saving Private Ryan who reads the letter from Abraham Lincoln). Western Europe would recover and prosper. The USSR did not accept the aid, and it pressured other countries in its sphere of influence to reject the aid as well.

16 Distribution of Marshall Plan funds

17 NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an military alliance signed on April, The organization is a system of collective defense whereby all member states agree to come to the defense of any member state attacked by an external party. It was created to counter the power of the USSR, especially after communists overthrew the democratic government of Czechoslovakia. The organization consists of the United States, Canada, and many European countries.

18 Warsaw Pact Formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance. Was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in Reflected Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe. There was no direct confrontation between NATO and Warsaw Pact countries.

19 NAT O Communistic Warsaw Pact Communistic Warsaw Pact

20 The Bi-Polarization of Europe: map/cold war The Beginning of the Cold War NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization focused on collective security to protect one another WARSAW PACT- Soviet Union Pact along with Soviet satellite countries in response to NATO

21 China China became a communist country. Mao Zedong becomes the Communistic leader of China. Mao Tse Tung

22 Korean War 1950 to 1953, North Korea invades South Korea. North Korea was a communist nation and South Korea was a democracy. First war of containment policy to stop communism.

23 Korean War Police Action not a declared war. General Douglas MacArthur commands US. Called forgotten war.

24 Korean War Truman fires General MacArthur when he advises Truman he would use nuclear weapons against the Chinese.

25 Korean War Stalemate by Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war. Divided at 38 th parallel. Communism contained. Remains divided today.